Journal of The Iraqi University

Research Summary
The reasons for the descent of the rain became known to everyone today, this did not return to the books of interpretation, and exegetes (may Allaah) said what they said succumbed to the weakness of scientific capabilities at the time, and could not know the truth of the reasons the truth of how rain is falling.The answer to this is:First: A significant number of researchers and graduate students still depend on what is stated in these books and Arjehouna on other words, if we seek to excuse applicants, what is the excuse modernists?Second: What is related to the subject of this research is that the words of the commentators in which fixed that no disagreement, and where the variable that has been affected by time and place, and that a clear boundary between the fixed and variable setting an important requirement for the development of legal studies on the whole, and studies of interpretation in particular.Third: The spread of such statements attributed to the books of interpretation would be a cause of Islam to sticker in the direction arrows of hatred, and attributed these statements to the Koran, or to Islam.Fourth: Statement of the great flexibility which was characterized by the science of interpretation, and that interpretation of natural phenomena in the Qur'an or object detection in which scientific miracles are not necessarily prevalent theory or the idea of a common subject.This research required an accurate review of the explanation of the phenomenon of rain in the books of interpretation, and corresponding with modern scientific theories, and the disclosure of the boundaries between fixed and variable.

Abstract
The custom known as an important assets in the Islamic legislation ,so in fiqih , they belonged to it so many matters especially in department of transaction. It is the source in explantory and making clear the ambiguous of the rules wich they have not any attach neither in legally nor in language.So this search has deal with the impact of custom in declaration of rules and what must they have to get it is effects in the rule especially what it has gone of the haziness unclear between the to contractors when they about to sign their contract. And this search spotlight on some of the Fiqih application in which the custom has it is impact in removing the obscurity that this application has got which my be lead to disputation between the to contractors.

Abstract
The achievement of manuscripts is a great art to revive the ancient heritage of our eternal nation, the heritage that was a direct cause of our guidance, where the Almighty saidIn these two holy verses and the Day - the fundamentalists said: "If it comes in the form of a vow to violate it, it would have a source. Our immortal heritage is what shows us what we adhere to. And it exists and exists in this huge number of manuscripts in Islamic and non-Islamic libraries heavy .... We have to revive this art (the achievement of manuscripts) because of our inventory of manuscripts.I have chosen my hand in the hands of a doctrinal manuscript, and I read it by reading the examiner. I found it a letter of due diligence to the funeral of the present Muslim, which is meant to hold the funeral prayer for it with its elements and conditions. (1099 e) (may God have mercy on him) and its importance decided to achieve, knowing that I spent the search to find another copy I did not find, and I helpless weak.

Summary
Praise be to God and prayers and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah Muhammad peace be upon him and his family and companions and those who followed them in charity to the Day of Judgment either:
Thus, through the review of the issue of atonement and research, we find that it is an important fundamental issue, and the most important conclusion of this research is:
First: Since takfir is a serious and true thing to Allaah, there is no disbelief except from the disbelief of Allaah and His Messenger. Therefore, the Sunnis and the community take great care of it. Al-Shawkani said: "I know that the ruling on a Muslim man who abandons the religion of Islam and his entry into kufr should not have a Muslim who believes in Allah and the Last Day to offer it except with a clearer proof than the sun of day. It is proven in the saheeh ahaadeeth that are narrated from a group of Sahaabah He said to his brother: "O kaafir, if one of them has been insulted, if he has said it, or he will have returned to him." Narrated by Muslim. In the book of faith, the door of the statement of the faith of the one who said to his brother, unbeliever 1/56 number 128.
المقدمة

Abstract
Through the previous study to the subject of a concession vendor the property we have the following results:
1. It is not permitted any party to agree not included by the rights contained in the law and make it an excellent rights because the law provided for limited, as it contained the text of the law.
2. The Privilege of the Seller the property based on the idea that the creditor is the thing that has plunged in the possession of the debtor may therefore be a priority to meet him.
3. There are several aspects of similarity between the franchise seller real estate and mortgage official is to store and register as well as in the case of expiration, the existence of the right to progress as well as the right to trace and procedures for action right track and how toapply the provisions contained in the mortgage official in this regard the privilege of a vendor of the property
4. There only difference between the official and mortgage real estate franchise seller is the source.
5. does not prove a concession vendor the property but the existence of certain conditions is the existence of a contract of sale is true as well that the property be sold.
6. in case of loss, the franchisor of the right for any reason of expiration, it becomes a creditor does not normally have taken precedence in the religion.
7. concession vendor the property is located within the concession rights for the given property as these rights are the three, what he deserves for the seller of the property of the price and its accessories, the amounts owed to contractors and architects on the facilities, partners who parted property insurance for authorizing the division of rights.
8. And G of any party to agree not included by the rights contained in the law and make it an excellent rights because the law provided for limited, because it contained the text of the law.
9. The Privilege of the Seller the property based on the idea that the creditor is the thing that has plunged in the possession of the debtor may therefore be a priority to meet him
10. There are several aspects of similarity between the franchise seller real estate and mortgage official is to store and register as well as in the case of expiration, the existence of the right to progress as well as the right to trace and procedures, procedures for the right to trace and how to apply the provisions contained in the mortgage official in this regard the privilege of a vendor of the property.
11. there is only difference between the official and mortgage real estate franchise seller is the source
12. Itpt concession vendor the property but the existence of certain conditions is the existence of a contract of sale is true, as well as properties to be sold.
13. in the case of the franchisor for the right reasons, for any reason of expiration, it becomes normal and not be a creditor has to take precedence in the religion.
14. concession vendor the property is located within the concession rights for the given property, as these rights are the three, what he deserves for the seller of the property of the price and its accessories, the amounts owed to contractors and engineers Alamaamarien on the industry, partners panellists parted property insurance for authorizing the division of rights.

Conclusion
After writing this blessed paper, I would like to summarize the results of this research as follows:
1. His name is Ahmad ibn Sirih Abu al-Abbas
2. Born 248 AH in Baghdad, died 306 AH in Baghdad.
3. He is called Balaz al-Ahbab, a third class of the Shafi'een class.
4. Taking his knowledge, may God have mercy on him, from Abu al-Qasim al-Anamati, who took the knowledge from Imam al-Muzni.
5. The Imam has great works in the Shafi'i jurisprudence.
6. taught by Imam Ibn Sirih many students of science.
7. He said in the question of Friday prayers is a sufficient obligation
8. He said by Friday in the same town
9. He says that there is a prostration in Surat
10. Seeing that he does not have to perform the du'aa 'prayer.

Abstract:
The inherent is that the debtor be with the debtor by the student who takes into consideration his command in earning it and what benefits it, and leaves him with the amount of sustenance and takes the rest from his religion. The origin of this is a prophetic hadeeth such as the saying: "Let him have an article" (Peace be upon him): ((to the right hand and tongue)), and the scholars differed in the interpretation of these ahaadeeth. Based on their differences in the interpretation of the hadeeth, they differed on two doctrines: The Hanafis are distinguished by saying that they are connected and the public has contradicted them, and that the place of dispute is the hadeeth of the insolvent who is unable to pay off his debt. And how the inherent if the creditor and debtor woman and vice versa. And after... What was right to mention it is from the opening of the god Alftah Alim, and it was the answer to the right is me and God and His Messenger is innocent.

Research Summary
Preaching and guidance is the path of the prophets, It is a great duty, and as expressed by the Holy Quran, it is one of the greatest duties and supervised the goals that are incumbent on the human at all times and places, especially if the strife and tribulations, and the violation of truth and virtues. Islam does not overlook this great aspect. And through the principle of preaching and guidance to preserve the purity and essence of the Islamic community. Valoaz and guidance of the most important legal and mental duties, a branch of religion, which is one of the best acts of worship, and the noblest acts of worship, one of the most important practical methods and tools in preventing the vices and the spread of virtues, and sow good seeds and goodness in society, uprooting the roots of evil and corruption, which falls under the principle of Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice, sometimes through the call of the prophets and messengers peace be upon them, and they are a reason to guide people and guide them to the right path, and what Hawwah the Koran\'s teachings and values like me, awaken hearts Algavlp, and at other times by calling the imams of this nation, and given them and guide them to others, to reach the highest echelons of the Real money and to guarantee the survival of the teachings of religion and values of a well-established and vivid.

Summary of economic reality research
The idea of the research is to shed light on the economic reality of the Arabs before and during the mission through the Qur'anic martyrdom of the Arab reality that they were people of civilization and therefore they were chosen to conclude the religion with them. Therefore, it is necessary to divide the research into three fields. The first topic dealt with the meaning of the word " And the Quranic evidence on the use of that term, while the second section I talked about models of Arab living, and dealt in the third topic economic reality.

Research Summary
The importance of the manuscript is embodied in the high scientific value of the book of the contract, which appears through the extraction of the material from the book "Asbahas and analogues" to Ibn Najim, a book known to its scientific value to the scientists, Vkartt explanations and arrangements, and the messages, and the early scientists, it gives great scientific importance on what The book deals with the rules and issues of jurisprudence is important not to judge or magistrate is rich, and is one of the books of jurisprudence adopted that have a great importance in this science, and one of the important references in the jurisprudence of Hanafi Vakhtar From this manuscript book (95) plates, including up to more than (140) paintings, and the symbol of the original version of the word (original) and the second (r) and the third (o) And the fourth (u)

Abstract
This study aims at exploring the effect of the active learning and directed ،education in the progress and retention،for the fifth year students of the scientific branch in،biology. To achieve the goal of the study, the researcher depended on the empirical method using three equivalent groups of 75 students. The researcher prepared the requirement of the study and the progress test, then he used the psychometric characteristics. The researcher used disparity analysis assessing its parts at 0.05 level of indication. The results showed the success of the use of active learning and directed education in the progress in biology. The study ,also, showed the level،of ،retention at the 0.05 active learning. The study found out،recommendations and some propositions were given by the researcher to complete the study.

Abstract
Urban heat island, is a climatic phenomenon means the difference between temperature degree of the city and its neighboring circumference, the phenomenon has negative effects upon the city's economy and environment as well as the health of its residents, thus it was observed internationally were eight Conferences had taken place amid the ninth decade of the twentieth century in order to deal with it and limit it. Given the importance of the subject, the researcher focused on the city of Fallujah as the field of studying, to stand on the effect of this phenomenon on the comfort of its residents and making the use Geographical information systems (G1S) as well as sensing techniques. Temperature degrees were concluded of the thermal zone of Landsat after it was treated in two levels, thermal units/values obtained for the day Aug 18th, 2013 as a indicator for the phenomenon in Summer and thermal values for the day Dec. 24th, 2013 as an indicator for winter. In regards to the treatment, the study is divided into four chapters; the first debated the theoretic from and the second chapter debated the extractive of temperature of Landsat zone.

Abstract
This study aims to identify the role of the educational supervisor in improving the teaching performance of the teachers of the Department of Religious Education and Islamic Studies in Baghdad from teachers’ viewpoint. The Sample of the study is consisted of (110) male and female teachers. The researcher has used the descriptive analytical method. Therefore, the researchers has prepared a questionnaire of (25) items which was distributed for the teachers of the Department of Religious Education and Islamic Studies in Baghdad. The statistical treatments and standard deviations are used to calculate the mean score and data analysis by using statistical programs SPSS. The study showed that the degree of practice of the educational supervisor for his/her role in improving the teaching performance achieved high score for the items (1-18) according to the answers of sample with average (61.55% -70.18%), while the degree of practicing the educational supervisor for his/her role in improving the teaching performance achieved medium score with average (59.19%) in the following items: - Contributing to the lesson effectively during the supervisory visit - Emphasizing the preparation of the daily plan - Emphasizing to the teachers the use of modern technologies - Applauding the scientific abilities of the teachers - Helping in determining the appropriate activities for educational goals - explaining the analysis of textbook content-Instructing to the teachers to take into consideration individual differences. Based on the results of the study, several recommendations were submitted to improve the teaching performance of the teachers of the Department of Religious Education and Islamic Studies.

Research Summary
That the Islamic civilization had preceded the Europeans in this science and art (financial accounting), where Europe until 1828 dealing with sticks of arithmetic, pieces of wood was learned by the pens, and used these sticks in the peasant communities, and was treated by the State as legal documents, Even the British Treasury used these sticks in their tax applications and gave them to citizens as receipts for taxes.
Islamic civilization has contributed greatly to the development of financial accounting work, not to mention the various other sciences, and to our research (the features of accounting and financial work in Islamic civilization), through which we will try to identify these contributions such as: writing tools at the accountant and the use of numbers and tools, , The recipes of the accountant, the documents, the books and the terms used then and the corresponding ones today in our contemporary reality in financial work

Abstract
The present study measures the use of English cohesive devices among undergraduate students in academic writing. 30 undergraduate students’ composition writing were collected and analyzed by the researcher to identify the types, the most and least usage of the types and how students used grammatical and lexical cohesive devices in their writings.The results showed that there were four types of grammatical cohesion used by the students such as reference 40.31%, conjunction 40.29%, substitution 12.20 and ellipsis 7.20%. The results also showed that there were four types of lexical cohesion used by the students such as repetition 67% synonymy 20% antonym 12.7% and collocation 0.29%.The results revealed that there was overused of certain types of cohesive devices which were repetition and reference in the analysis apparently effect the variety of the words chosen by the students. The results also showed that those types of cohesive devices created cohesiveness towards the ideas conveyed by the students in writing.The implication of the present study indicates that grammatical and lexical cohesive devices are better taught through exercises and avoid overused of certain types of it to enhance better flow in writing.Keywords: writing, coherence devices, cohesion, coherence, text

Abstract
The aim of this research is to highlight the symbolic meaning of east and west in Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby. The West Egg is the home of Gatsby and those who are like him, who gain huge wealth but they lack the traditions associated with inherited property and therefore are uncouth, and because they do not have any traditions of their own, they try to copy those of others.The East Eggers, like Tom and Daisy, have the inherited traditions but they have been corrupted by the purposelessness and ease their money has provided.Class and Socioeconomic status is one of the most important themes in the novel. It is clear in almost every character. The East and West represent a symbol of this in their physical structure. The Bachanans live on the East Egg which is far more civilized and "well educated ". Nick and Gatsby are from the West Egg who do not have any real status, even though they have money. The green light glows from the East Egg tempting Gatsby for what he wants. Daisy, the woman that Gatsby wants but will never get, lives on the East Egg. The barricade that the water creates between these worlds is symbolic of the limit that separates these people from one another and from what they want.

Abstract
This study deals with the Russian philosopher and literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin from his point of view of dialogic dimension in modern poetic literature. Philosophers and critics work hard in how to use the dialogical style in contemporary poetic literature for its significance. Bakhtin’s philosophy demonstrated his use of modern literary theory as dialogic style in literary texts, because of his wide experience in the use of literary expressions to analyse the dialogism in modern poetry. Modern literary theories were enlivened in the twentieth century by Bakhtin. This Russian philosopher brought a big change to modern theory in literature through his use of the dialogic characteristics of modern poetry in a high precisely in his literary theory.
This study focuses firstly on the dialogic criticism and its theoretical concepts as the dialogic in poetry, and a little bit explanation in novel through Bakhtin’s vision. This connotation appears clearly through the discussion of dialogic and monologic style. Also, it tries to argue the significance of dialogic poetry in contemporary literature. This study tries to show the importance of the direct dialogical style and monologic theory of Bakhtin through his concepts of human science, language meaning, sense, poetical expression. The Dialogical Method is embodied by literary texts, which represent communication among the generations. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the significance of dialogic style in modern poetry through the using of the direct dialogue and monologue in literature according to Bakhtin’s perspective.

Research Summary
It is one of the most beautiful of the Qur'anic style that contrasts between temptation and intimidation. When intimidation comes in a place that is compared to the temptation, the believer moves between these two wings. The Koran included many verses of intimidation, including what was the other day, including what was related to life in the world and in different nations. This study deals with some of the verses of warning mentioned in the Holy Quran, and the statement of what he vows, and the reasons for that. The research examines the theory: the presence of Quranic verses containing the worldly vocation, which is inclusive of the Muslims of the nation of Muhammad