Journal of Kufa - physics

This article explores electronic transport in a triple quantum dot system
connected in parallel to metallic leads while subjected to an external magnetic flux.
The Green-function formalism and the equation of motion approach was employed
to derive a comprehensive formula for conductance. The study reveals the presence
and modulation of Fano and Dicke effects in the conductance spectra of the Triple
quantum dot system (TQD). These effects are controlled by adjusting the interdot
coupling energy ( ), the coupling (Γ) of the three dots to the right and left leads,
and manipulating the external magnetic flux.

Scientists and dentists use tiny particles called ZrO2/Nps (Zirconia Nanoparticles) in medicine. In addition, zirconia particles are commonly used in the realm of medicine and dentistry. They are ideal for tooth structure because of their beneficial properties. The objective of this research is to prepare zirconium oxide nanoparticles in a simple and easy way. Nano-zirconium oxide is prepared using the co-precipitation method. The produced powder was diagnosed using tools like X-ray diffraction, microscopy, and spectroscopy, which also analyzed its properties such as X-ray spectroscopy and density measurement. The XRD results confirmed that the powder product has high purity. The crystal size range is 27.97nm. The results match the (JCPDS (ZrO2) sheet No.79-1769). The EDX test revealed the presence of the following elements (Zr–O). The test of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) shows that the particles nearly spherical and the size was 74.03nm. The Zr–O stretching modes and the Zr–O2–Zr bending modes were confirmed by the FTIR (Fourier transform infrared). The density of ZrO2/Np was measured several times and determined it to be (5.07±0.12 g/cm3).

In this study titanium dioxide (TiO2) was synthesized quickly and cheaply using microwaves and pulsed laser ablation. Titanium isopropoxide (Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4) was the precursor and deionized water (DIW) was the solvent and reducer for sub-micrometer particle production in microwave technique. TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized in pulsed laser ablation liquid medium after a 5-minute preparation period in a 1200 W commercial microwave and a 1-hour annealing at 400°C. A Q-switched Nd: YAG laser with 480 mJ energy per pulse was used for 100, 200, and 300 pulses. Multiple methods, including XRD, BET, and EDX. XRD showed anatase TiO2 in microwave-synthesized nanoparticles. Pulsed laser ablation produced pure TiO2 nanoparticles with a brookite crystalline structure. In microwave BET analysis, TiO2 has a large surface area of 72.727 to 108.28 m2/g. BET analysis indicated 82.44 to 98.67 m2/g of TiO2 surface area by pulsed laser ablation. Strong titanium (Ti) and oxygen (O) peaks in microwave and pulsed laser ablation EDX tests showed nanoparticle purity.

The change detection in urban and surrounding areas, such as vegetation and bare, is a significant achievement for sustainable development, especially nowadays. The research used a supervised classification technique of two images representing two time periods (1973 and 2023) by applying the technique of land cover and land use (LCLU) using the ArcGIS 10.8.2 program. The classified pixels were converted into digital data to compare the using of the land cover method and land use change (LCLUG). The results showed a significant expansion in the urban areas of Najaf and Kufa districts, from 5.72 km2to 134.95 km2, with a decrease in the area of green areas, from 17.26 km2to 15.16 km2, and the absence of water areas, in addition to the transformation of most of the barren areas to urban areas (215.64 km2to 88.51 km2). The study concluded that there was a significant decrease in green areas and the absence of water bodies in urban areas, and these are two indicators -along with the increase in urban areas can harm the environment of the region and the quality of environmental influences on the lives of the people who live in it. Finally, this, in turn, would negatively affect its sustainable development plans.

The work is aimed at investigating the entrance surface dose (ESD) for adult patients undertaking routine lumbar X-ray examination, and thereforeensure that the patients receive no excessive radiation dose during this radiography. This study was conducted at 4 selected hospitals: Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital (AHTH), Al-Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital (ANTH), Al-Haboubi Teaching Hospital (AHTH) and Souq Al-Shuyoukh General Hospital (SASGH) in Dhi Qar, Iraq. The ESD was calculated for 102 adult patients who underwent X-ray examinations of the lumbar spine using the physical parameters (i.e. Tube voltage-kVp, Tube loading-mAs and distance between X-ray tube and detector-SID) from all considered X-ray units, as well as on the X-ray tube output that was measured using an ionization chamber (Rad-Check Plus). The enrolled patients also had their demographic information recorded (gender, weight and height). The finding demonstrated that the average ESD values were (4.886, 4.288, 6.047, 6.378, 5.949, 9.322, 12.731, 4.094) mGy for AHTH1, AHTH2, AHTH3, ANTH1, ANTH2, ANTH3, AHTH, SASGH, respectively. The ESD values were seen to be comparable with internationally recognized sources UNSCEAR 2010, UK 2012, EC, and IAEA and with previously published studies such as those in Sudan 2014, Iran 2020, Nigeria 2019, and Ghana 2023. Finally, further studies must be carried out, and the relevant institutions must conduct continuous training courses for radiographers to ensure that the radiation dose is within the recommended level.

A one-pot chemical method was used to prepare cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs) by employing sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent, as well as graphite and activated carbon as stabilizer materials. The resulting NPs were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, EDX mapping and VSM measurements before and after annealingunder a mixture of argon and hydrogen atmosphere at 600 °C, in order to study their structural, morphological, and magnetic properties. This study focused on the shape and size of Co NPs, involvingthe formation of Co and Co3O4phases with the effect of oxygen as the main factor that can significantly contribute to the magnetic anisotropy. Co NPs exhibited a high saturation magnetization (Ms) value after performing the annealing process, achieving Ms> 99 emu/g when using the graphite stabilizer. The results indicate that surface atoms play a significant role in the modification of magnetic characteristics of Co NPs.

One of the main component transport systems is a solenoid magnet, so in this study, a computational study was carried out to calculate some parameters of a solenoidal magnet. The most efficient technique to describe and track the charged particle beam along any optical system (in this example, a plasma source and two drift space areas before and after the solenoid magnet) is by theoretical analysis utilizing matrix representation, which has been provided. The configuration of the ion optical system necessary to create the magnetic identification focus and defocus the ion beam to the target using Matlab computational tools determines many magnet design elements, including magnetic rigidity, magnification, and focusing strength factor. The results demonstrate that a solenoid magnet functions as a convergent lens but can, under some circumstances, transform into a divergent lens. Additionally, changes in the solenoid magnetic field (B) affect the focusing of the beam that passes through the system, as indicated by the magnification values.

One of the main component transport systems is a solenoid magnet, so in this study, a computational study was carried out to calculate some parameters of a solenoidal magnet. The most efficient technique to describe and track the charged particle beam along any optical system (in this example, a plasma source and two drift space areas before and after the solenoid magnet) is by theoretical analysis utilizing matrix representation, which has been provided. The configuration of the ion optical system necessary to create the magnetic identification focus and defocus the ion beam to the target using Matlab computational tools determines many magnet design elements, including magnetic rigidity, magnification, and focusing strength factor. The results demonstrate that a solenoid magnet functions as a convergent lens but can, under some circumstances, transform into a divergent lens. Additionally, changes in the solenoid magnetic field (B) affect the focusing of the beam that passes through the system, as indicated by the magnification values.

This paper describes a unique method that uses Iron (phen) molecule [phen: 1,10-phenanthroline] placed on a glass substrate to create a photodetector (PD) that is sensitive to visible lightas a heterostructure device. Thestructural, morphological, and optical properties of the sampleswere investigated using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-rayspectra (EDX),field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM),and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The photosensitivity of the Iron (phen) /glass PD was evaluated at different bias voltages (5, 10, 15, and 20 V) atwavelength of 510 nm. The photosensitivity values were found to be 58.45, 76.82, 84.9, and 87.83, indicating the PD's ability to generate a measurable electrical response to light stimuli in the visible range. Furthermore, the response and recovery times of the Iron (phen) PD were assessed when exposed to pulsed visible light at a wavelength of 510 nm and bias voltages of 5, 10, 15 and 20 V. The results indicated favorable response and recovery times, suggesting the PD's capability to quickly detect and recover from changes in light intensity. At a bias voltage of 20 V and under illumination with visible light at 510 nm, the Iron (phen)PD demonstrated a maximum current gain of 9.22 and a quantum efficiency (ƞ) of 28.17. These values indicate the PD's ability to amplify the generated electrical current and efficiently convert incident photons into detectable electrical signals. Overall, the fabricated Iron (phen) glass PD exhibited promising photosensitivity, response and recovery times, current gain, and quantum efficiency when exposed to visible light. The findings suggest the potentialapplicationof Iron (phen) as a material for visible light photodetection

In this study, the eigenvalue problem for one-dimensional thin films made of alternating layers of two dielectric materials with dielectric constants ε1 and ε2 was solved for both transverse electric(TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes to determine the allowed and forbidden frequencies in the bandgap. The dispersion relation for the one-dimensional thin films was obtained, and the eigenvalue problems were solved using a MATLAB program.The resultsshow that the photonic band structure for the film in a homogeneous medium (ε1 = ε2) has no forbidden frequencies between the bands due to the continuous translational symmetry. However, when the dielectric constant is changed (ε1 ≠ ε2), gaps and bands appear alternately on the frequency axis. The first nine gaps and ten bands were obtained, and it is possible to determine the forbidden and allowed frequencies through the photonic band structure.