Journal of Al-qadisiya in arts and educational sciences

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The current study aims at: identifying the extent to which the seven textual standards of literary texts are included in the Arabic language textbook for the fifth preparatory grade, and this research is determined by knowing the seven textual standards included in the literary texts in the Arabic language textbook for the fifth preparatory grade through an evaluation.

The researcher built standards and indicators (research tool) for the seven textual standards, by looking at the literature and previous studies related to textual standards, and the researcher verified the validity of the tool by presenting it to a group of arbitrators specialized in Arabic language teaching methods and curricula, measurement and evaluation, and psychology, and it consisted of (7) textual criteria, which are (spelling, weaving, intentionality, admissibility, grammatical, informative, intertextuality), and emerged from the criteria (54) indicators, then the researcher analyzed the Arabic language book for the fifth grade of middle school for the academic year (2021-2022 AD) in light of the research tool , by (15) literary texts, and the researcher relied on the idea as a unit for analysis, and repetition as a unit for enumeration, and the stability of the tool was verified by using stability over time. The results of the research showed that the literary texts included in the Arabic language book for the fifth preparatory class included all seven textual criteria and did not neglect any of them.

The Kharijites were the first religious sects to appear after the arbitration case, and they are the group that supported Ali bin Abi Talib in a dispute with Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan, and then revolted against him after
The issue of arbitration and they called for the judgment but God, and they called the Kharijites many names, including Al-Sharat because they said we bought ourselves in obedience to God and Al-Haruriyyah according to the place in which they landed, and the court because of their refusal to arbitrate and their saying that there is no judgment except for God, and the people of Al-Nahrawan relative to the place that Ali bin Abi Talib fought them Peace and the rogue, when they were mentioned in the hadiths of the Messenger (PBUH), and the Kharijites were among the religious sects whose divisions multiplied and their differences abounded, so they were divided into many sects, including the Azariqa, the Safriya, the Najdat, and the Ibadites, and accordingly, it was mentioned in the poetry of the Umayyad era what indicates the Kharijite sects and their names The issue of arbitration and purchase was among the issues that the poets of the Umayyad era were exposed to
In sum, the Kharijites were the first religious sects to appear in the Umayyad era, after the arbitration case.

The research aim to identify the effect of using analogical thinking strategy on scientific thinking of the 3rd intermediate grade students in math, the following zero hypothesis were formula to achieve the objective : There is no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of experimentalism group taught in the analogical thinking strategy & the average scores of the control group taught according to the normal method in scientific thinking test .In order to verify validity of two hypothesis , Researcher conducted an experiment lasted for a whole semester(2021-2022). Experiment confined to the 3rd intermediate grade students. He depended on partial design empiricism and control groups with posttest. School chosen Al – Nahda for boys to apply his experiment. sample included (56) students who were subdivided into two subgroups contains (28) students per group. Two groups were matched in variables like intelligence , student achievement in math subject & test of previous information. Researcher requirements were determine study content, analyzing them , formulate behavioral objectives for both groups , building a test for scientific thinking including (30) items. Taught the two groups of the study. After termination of teaching items according to the plan prepared for the two groups the post test was applied & the post test of acquisition test on sample of two empiricism & control groups. Data were analyzed using (spss) program of socialites. Results after analysis using (t-test) for two independent showed the excel of empiricism group over control group in variable of scientific thinking . Thus, the zero hypothesis of studying acquisition were rejected. Quester recommended the necessity of analogical thinking strategy in reaching math and also suggested making a similar study on different levels of education .

Time is the main pillar of the narrative work, as the elements of causality and succession of events are built on it, and time cannot be separated from the rest of the elements in the novel and the story. From reality, time moves to the fictional fabric to turn into an imaginary time, and the novel, of course, is a list of incidents arranged according to a time sequence. And psychological, anticipation and retrieval, and the time came in an effective and influential manner.

The current research aims to identify the impact of the generative learning model in acquiring concepts and cognitive representation of the fifth literary students in the subject of philosophy and psychology. (2021-2022). To measure the acquisition of concepts and cognitive representation of the research sample, the researcher prepared a test for concept acquisition consisting of (30) items, and a scale of cognitive representation consisting of (25) items, and for the purpose of knowing the validity of the tools, the researcher presented them to a number of specialists in educational and psychological sciences and teaching methods, and they expressed their agreement to The validity of the tools, and the standard characteristics of the research tools represented by validity and reliability were verified, and after applying the tools after the end of the experiment, the results showed the following:
1.The experimental group outperformed the control group in acquiring concepts.
2.The experimental group outperformed the control group in cognitive representation.
In light of the results of the current research, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract of the research: The current research aims to identify the effect of the Phelps and Rally coach strategies on the achievement of the fifth literary grade female students in the subject of Kurdish grammar. The research consisted of (63) female students, with (32) students in the first experimental group who study according to the Phelps strategy and (31) female students in the second experimental group who study according to the strategy of the coach rally, and (30) female students in the control group who study according to the method The researcher was rewarded between the research groups in a number of variables (chronological age, test scores of the Kurdish language subject for the previous academic year), and the experiment took a whole semester. And the behavioral objectives, the researcher verified honesty and stability, and the researcher extracted stability by the Kewder-Richardson equation, and the degree of reliability was (0.77). Raising the level of academic achievement of female students in the subject of Kurdish grammar in light of the results and conclusions The researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals to benefit from and apply them in proportion to their educational importance and traditional pedagogical intelligence.

The study aimed to build a training program to develop the skills of designing school counseling programs for educational counselors and to identify the effectiveness of the training program. Men and women counselors as an experimental group, and to achieve the objectives of the study, the counselor skills test was applied in the design of the school counseling program, which was built for the purpose of identifying the level of skills of educational counselors in designing school counseling programs. There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group members before and after the application of the training program in favor of the post application, and the effectiveness of the training program in making the required changes, which is to develop the performance of educational counselors in designing the school counseling program.

The emission of artificial light (due to the increased use of artificial lighting and lamps) has become one of the main sources of environmental pollution at present, and artificial light leads to changing the reality of the evening darkness and its harmful effects. Night lighting may have serious physiological consequences for humans, the environment, and the effects evolution of groups of animals and plants and may reshape entire ecosystems.
Therefore, this study aims to use geomatics applications available globally on the global information network in monitoring light pollution within the urban environment of Al-Aziziya city, using satellite images and measurements for that, which are provided by many global platforms, most notably (Radiance Light Trends & light pollution) platforms, and mapping light pollution in this city from 2012 to 2022, based on the data of these platforms, and the results of field monitoring inside the city and its outskirts, which amounted to 34 monitoring points and modeling their data (using the Arc GIS), to produce a map of the intensity of light pollution for Al-Aziziya city for the year 2022, and compare it with the data of global platforms that measure the intensity of light pollution for the same city, and globally.
As a result of the excessive use of artificial lighting, the commercial areas within the city center, recorded the highest level of reflected light, amounting to (150 LUX) in the main commercial center of the city (Arabian Gulf Street), while it reached the lowest level at the outskirts of the city by (1.9 LUX). The field monitoring values were consistent with the functions of each area in the city, and also with the data of the most accurate global platforms (Radiance Light Trends & light pollution), especially in the commercial center of the city, which recorded the highest levels of light intensity.
The study concluded that there was a steady rise in the amount of light radiation reflected from the city of Al-Aziziya to the sky night, so that the city moved from the fourth rank in (2012) according to the Bortle Scale, to the fifth rank in 2021-2022, which reflects a significant increase in the intensity of light pollution of the city and its suburbs during a period of a short time, not more than 10 years. This study also indicates the need to establish systems and laws that ensure the preservation of human health, and the environment from this type of pollution, and work to stop the waste of energy and reduce the annual cost of producing artificial light.

This study aims to extract the standard characteristics of the (OLSAT) test for school capacity advanced level (G) according to the Four–parameter Logistic Model (4PLM) For preparatory school students. To achieve this aim, the researcher followed scientific steps of the procedures for analyzing the school capacity test, so the researcher conducted a translation test from English to Arabic and then made a reverse translation. A specialist in English language translation was asked to verify the translation.
After completing the translation of the items according to the rules of translation, and to verify the validity of the items of (face validity) to test the school capacity, the test was presented to (16) jury members, and it turned out that all the items were approved by the experts at a rate of (100%), except for some partial amendments to the items, where the items that do not suit their nature or content to the Iraqi environment have been modified, including changing the English names to Arabic, whether the names of people or the names of trees because they do not harmonize with the Iraqi context, also a simple adjustment done in the units of measurement, and a simple adjustment in the correction key.
To ensure the clarity of the instructions and items of the scale for the research sample, the scale was applied to a pilot sample consisted of (60) male and female students who were randomly selected from preparatory school. It appeared that the instructions and items of the test are clear, bearing in mind that the time allotted for answering is (60) minutes as found in the test's guide. To determine the standard characteristics of the items and the overall test, as well as to verify model's hypotheses, the test was applied to a sample of (700) male and female students from preparatory school in Baghdad, who were selected by the proportional stratified random sampling method. The researcher relied on the four-parameter Logistic Model 4PLM, which is one of the models of item response theory, using the statistical program (jmetrik).
 The results revealed the appropriateness of the four-parameter Logistic Model, as it was found that the test items fulfill the assumptions of the model, and that all items and the total test have good standard characteristics, and all items were kept.
In light of the results of the study, the researcher reached some conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

This research aims to study the phenomenon of (semantic accumulation) in the texts of the master of rhetoricians and theologians Ali bin Abi Talib (upon him be the best of prayers and the best of peace) contained in the book Nahj al-Sa’ada in the Mustadrak of Nahj al-Balaghah by Sheikh Muhammad Baqir al-Mahmudi (d. 1427 AH), and the topic of (semantic accumulation) is one of The topics of semantics approved by the modern linguistic lesson, the idea of which is based on researching the condensed signs and meanings in the studied text and the linguistic features and subtleties that they lead to in the text to the horizon of sublimity and creativity. In light of this idea, I wanted to study the words of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him). This is due to the rarity and novelty of this topic first, as well as its originality and vitality in the modern linguistic lesson secondly, and the influx of mechanisms (semantic accumulation) with its two parts (explicit and implicit) represents a remarkable phenomenon in the speech of the master of rhetoricians and speakers at all linguistic levels phonetic, morphological, grammatical and lexical, However, I have confined this study to the grammatical level only. This is due to the complexity of the research and its scope if all levels were studied first, and the large number of evidences of semantic accumulation in the light of the meanings of grammar secondly, in addition to the availability of a number of references to these grammatical authentications among a group of linguists and ancient rhetoricians, such as Sibawayh, Al-Mubarrad, Ibn Jinni, Al-Zamakhshari, Abdul-Qaher Al-Jurjani, and Al-Radi Al-Istrabadi, and others.
And when I passed by, I saw the importance of studying the idea of (semantic accumulation) in the light of the meanings of grammar in a number of grammatical topics such as (inclusion, definition and denial, omission, parsing, discrimination, and adjective by source), relying on what was indicated by the great Dr. Fadel Al-Samarrai. From the forms of semantic accumulation in the light of grammatical structures, as well as what other linguists, interpreters and rhetoricians have indicated.
My method in this study was to rely on the descriptive analytical method, by presenting the upper witness and then starting to analyze it, supplementing that with some Qur’anic evidence or linguistic examples. From God, the Mighty, the Mighty, and if I stumble, then I am of the human race who is not immune from afflictions and slips, and only God alone can reach perfection, the Mighty, the Almighty, whom we ask for success and payment for what is good and righteous.

The aim of the current research was determined by knowing the effect of teaching with the (Stepans) model in modifying alternative perceptions in science for first-grade intermediate students. The experimental group that was studied according to the steps of the (Stepans) model and the average scores of the students of the control group who studied in the usual way in the test to modify alternative perceptions.
The current research was limited to first-grade intermediate students in (Al-Aqsa Intermediate School for Boys), one of the government schools affiliated to the General Directorate of Diwaniyah Education for the academic year (2021-2022).
The researcher used the partially controlled experimental design for the two equal groups, which includes an experimental group and a control group. Division (B) represented the experimental group, which included (34) students who studied according to the steps of the (Stepans) model, and Division (D) represented the control group, which included (32) students who studied in the usual way.
The two groups were rewarded in the variables: chronological age, and intelligence. The researcher identified the educational material in the six chapters of the science book/part one for the first intermediate grade. Behavioral objectives were formulated for these chapters, as their number reached (96) behavioral objectives. The researcher also prepared (22) a teaching plan for the group. Experimental and (22) teaching plans for the control group. With regard to the research tool, a diagnostic test for alternative perceptions was prepared, consisting of (20) objective items (two-slit) of a multiple-choice type with four alternatives for each of the two parts of the paragraph.
The results, using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS-22), showed the following: The students of the experimental group that studied with the (Stepans) model outperformed the students of the control group that studied in the usual way in the test to modify alternative perceptions, and in light of this, the researcher made a number of recommendations and suggestions related to the results of the study search .

Persuasion a way of thinking that the speaker invokes with a set of sayings and methods to reach the mind of the recipient, persuade him, influence it and inform him of the desired intent. The arguments used by the speaker to convince the recipient. Together, these means constituted an important persuasive actor in consolidating the ideas and beliefs of the poet and increasing or even changing the convictions of the recipient.

The writer in ancient Arabic prose has two contradictory images: a favorable one and a negative one, and this research clarifies the state of cultural controversy that was behind the emergence of these two images. As represented by the two treatises, it is a political debate, not a literary one. The adornment was with political tools, and the ugliness was for political reasons. To prove this hypothesis, the research discussed the principles on which the writing industry was based, then began a cultural analysis of the image of the writer in the two treatises, and concluded with several results, the most important of which are: The class tendency - even if it harbors something that different cultures fear - establishes moderation and balance in cultural judgments that erases the image of cultural strife and ethnical dissonance. This means that if the old writer had adhered to this tendency, he would have preserved his elevation that Abd al-Hamid drew for him, but he contradicted it, and Al-Jahiz’s censure fell upon him, knowing that the classist state is a dear state, which prevails over the intellectual in cases of cultural and political weakness. Then when he were politically able, he would break away from it, and this is what happened with the old writer. He will back up during the periods of his weakness and becomes very hostile as he regains his strength.

This study is extracted from an MA thesis entitled "Strategies of Feminism in Halimah Yacob’s Political Speeches: A Critical Discourse Analysis". The current study analyzes the effect of feminist political speech in changing the life of Singaporean to the best. It shows the power of feminist word in building strong country. It explores how feminist political discourse can manipulate the citizen in different issues such as: Education, Health, Law, Business, the Arts, and many other issues. The researcher utilizes socio-cognitive approach of Van Dijk in the analysis of Halimah's political speech via using Van Dijk's three structures of analysis: macro-structure, super-structure and micro-structure of analysis. The researcher concludes from this study that Halimah succeeds in developing the life in Singapore via positive discourse.