Kirkuk Journal of Science

Local isolate of Streptomyces sp.1 showed ability to produce antimalarial activity against P.vivax, it
caused a great reduction in the number of the parasite. The inhibition percentages during 24 and 48 hours
were 60.90, 88.38 respectively. Purification of antimalarial agent produced by Streptomyces sp.1 was done
by extraction with ethylacetate followed by methanol, and application of gel filtration (Sephadex LH-20,
Silica gel column) which resulted in brownish compound. This compound named as SAN 1.
Drug, antibiotics and SAN1 inhibited the growth of P. vivax in vitro. The highest inhibition value (87.55%)
was observed when 1000
g/ml of trimethoprim was added to cultural medium, followed by chloroquine,
primaquine, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, SAN1, rifamycin, erythromycin, ampicillin with
inhibition percent 86.09, 83.81, 81.74, 78.83, 78.66, 78.42, 75.10, 74.27 and 74.06% respectively.

Foreign bodies in the urinary bladder are not uncommon, however, only few cases have been reported in
recent literature. This is not a fatal disease, however, it may lead to serious complications , This is a report
of four cases of Intrauterine contraceptive devices ( IUCD) which migrated into the urinary bladder
and complicated by stone formation around the devices and cystoscopy was the main management route

Background: Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvum are the most prevalent intestinal parasites of
human. It also infects a wide range of mammals .Two genotype of G.duodenalis (A and B) were commonly
reported among humans with different frequency of distribution in different geographical locations.
Methods :total of 434 stool samples were collected from peoples in kikrkuk city during October 2012toAugust
2013. Zinc sulphate flotation technique was applied on 226 positive stool, serological methods involve Giardia
ELISA-corpo antigen, Direct fluorescent assay (DFA), and lateral immune-chromatography assay(Triage panel)
.Extractions of Giardia genome DNA from stool samples were performed using QIAamp Stool Mini kit with a
modified protocol. PCR- one step procedure was used to amplify a fragment of Giardia lamblia genome using
k725 gene locus,(Mixture primers of human A and B assemblages)
Results:The overall rate of intestinal parasitic infection was 52.07%,Giardia lamblia rate was 24.65%.Common
isolated parasites were Cryptosporidium parvum ,Blastocystishominis, other intestinal protozoan parasites and
nematode helminthes:7.60 & 5.76 %,7.37 and 6.68 % respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of PCR method
and direct microscopy were higher than other four methods used for detecting giardiasis. Triage panel method
exert high rate of giardiasis than revealing of Cryptosporidium and Entamoeba histolytica. From the application
of five methods for Cryptosporidium diagnosis, DFA and modified Ziehl-Neelsen(MZN) methods show high
sensitivity and specificity than other three methods. Application of PCR single step using mixture primers
assemblages A and B, show high rate of sensitivity than other methods in detecting giardiasis.Amplified Giardia
genome length extended from 220 to 750 bps with mean of 437.56 bps.
Conclusions: PCR assay targeting K725 gene locus is a sensitive tool and discriminates mixed genotypes of
G.lamblia. DFA and MZN are sensitive tools for detecting Cryptosporidium parvum in stool samples.

This study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory activities of the aqueous extract of pomegranate
peel on a pathogenic isolates of E.coli had multi-resistance characteristic against antibiotics.
Twenty pathological isolates of E.coli were taken from the laboratory of the Kirkuk Children’s
Hospital and confirmation of these isolates was done by using diagnostic methods.
The results of the antibiotics sensitivity test showed that all isolates were resistant to AMC , CRO and
PY 100% , while no one of them showing any resistance to CN, IPM and these isolates possessed multiple
resistance patterns to the antibiotics from three to six antibiotics and the pattern of the resistanc ( AMC ,
CRO , PY) was more common among the isolates on other hand, the results indicated that all isolates
sensitized 100% to the concentration 100 mg / ml and 50 mg / ml of the aqueous extract and 25% were
sensitized to the concentration of 25 mg / ml, while did not show any inhibitory in the concentration of
12.5%.

Background:Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonists that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in a
block in the synthesis of thymidine and inhibition of DNA synthesis. Methotrexate has been used for the
treatment of malignancy, rheumatic disorders, and psoriasis and termination of intrauterine pregnancy.
Recently, methotrexate has become a standard treatment for ectopic pregnancy. However, the use of
methotrexate is limited due to high incidence of serious dose-dependent toxicity of methotrexate, including
hepatotoxicity, renal damage, bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal mucosal inflammation .
Objective:Evaluate the effect of the treatment with multiple doses of methotrexate in the livers of mice.
Materials &Methods: A total of (70) white mice at the ages of (4-8 weeks) and body weight of about (25+2
gm) were used in the study. Mice were divided into seven groups where each group received multiple
doses of (0.05mg/Kg) of methotrexate during an interval of six weeks where the animals of each group had
injected with a single dose of(0.05mg/Kg) of methotrexate at the beginning of each week and then, they
were killed and autopsied after five days. On the other hand, the control group had received (0.1ml) of
normal saline. Liver slide sections were examined by light microscope and photographed. Then, images
were assessed histopathologically and comparisons were made between mice groups received different
doses of methotrexate.
Results: Results showed that, a single dose of (0.05mg/kg) of methotrexate produced no liver tissue
histopathological effects on the liver of the treated mice. While, six weeks of methotrexate treatment
produced significant changes in the liver of the treated mice including lymphocyte infiltration, necrosis,
liver tissue fatty degeneration and congestion and dalitation of the hepatic vein.
Conclusions: It was concluded that, a single dose of (0.05mg/Kg) of methotrexate had no effect on mice
liver histology. While, multiple doses of methotrexate were associated with significant side effects included
a hallmark of cellular infiltration and lesions of necrotic hepatocytes with congestion and dalitation of
hepatic vein. Thus, the administration of multiple doses of methotrexate for the treatment of various
medical conditions should be considered carefully to avoid liver damage of the patient especially in
the case of ectopic pregnancy.

The ab- initio / HF of(6-31) ( the basic sets parameters that make the molecule more stable) according to
(Gaussian) program and density functional theory of polarization) and PM3
semiempericalmethod,showed that the net charge distributions for 4-aminobenzene sulfonamide
(sulfanilamide)(SAM2) and Sulfa pyridine( SP) (the active drugs) were less than those of
prodrugsProntisil (PROTO1) and Salfalazine (SASP4) which indicated the stabilities and easy of
formation (or liberation) of these active drugs. In addition to that, the stabilities of these liberated drugs
also proved by the steric energies which were less than those of the pro-drugs. The energy gaps between
the HOMO and LUMO of the active drugs liberated in vivo( by metabolism) were very small which
agreed with the previous two observations.

This paper presents a Neuro-Fuzzy approach for the D.C. servo motor, within the Model Reference
Adaptive Control (MRAC) framework. To tackle the plant parameters variation, an adaptive algorithm is
derived to tune a designed fuzzy controller such that the system output follows a desired output for stable
reference model. The simulation result shows no oscillation in response and the time for reaching the
desired position is very short with zero steady state errors. Based on the simulation results using
MATLAB/SIMULINK package, it is found that the Neuro-fuzzy controller can be a viable choice for a
networked control system due to its robustness against parameter uncertainty.

It is well recognized that mineral fillers play an important role in the properties of mastics and hot-mix
asphalt (HMA) mixtures. Better understanding of the effects of fillers on the properties of mastics and
HMA mixtures is crucial to good mix design and high performance of HMA mixtures. This paper presents
a laboratory investigation into the effects of crushed boulders dust compared to reference (control)
filler(limestone dust)on some properties of asphalt HMA mixtures.. The effects of filler on the
characteristics of HMA mixtures were also investigated. The properties of HMA mixtures evaluated
include optimum asphalt cement (AC) content, MarshallStability and flow, the indirect tensile strength
(I.T.S) to evaluate the temperature susceptibility, Index of Retained strength to measure the moisture
damage resistance. The research concluded that the use of crushed boulders dust as mineral filler with
same texture of crushed aggregates(same source) into asphaltic mixtures an economic objective positive
effect administratively(Full control and maneuvering of the production and quality control) in addition to
improving the performance of the HMA like (marshall stiffness value more than 160%, less temperature
susceptible to low temperature cracking,and increase the resistanceof moisture damage more than 135% )
in comparison to reference (conventional)lime stone dust. This tendency of the mix nature used in the
Erbil- Perda highway project is observed in the pavement and in spite of the truck axles loading exceeding
levels specified in the specifications under the temperature exceeded 65 Co for two Consecutive seasons
and then the depth of accumulative rutting remained within the limits allowed on the right truck lane.

The problem of Privacy Preserving Data Mining (PPDM) has become more important in recent years
because of the increasing ability to store personal data about users, and the increasing sophistication of
data mining algorithms. A number of techniques have been suggested in recent years in order to perform
PPDM. These techniques are used to study different transformation methods associated with privacy. In
this paper, a system for PPDDM of association rules is proposed. This system works under the common
and realistic assumptions that parties are semi-honest, Semi-Trusted Third Party (STTP) and the
databases are horizontally distributed over these parties. New algorithm for hiding sensitive rules is
presented in this system. The experimental results for this algorithm has shown that it have good hiding
accuracy with acceptable level of side effects when it compared with the same algorithm in centralized
system and other existing algorithms in distributed database system. Furthermore, the proposed system
uses the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) with commutative encryption to support the certifications and
security over system various components.

Spatial data consists of objects in space made up of points, lines, regions and data of higher
dimensions. Access method is required to support efficient manipulation of the multi-dimensional spatial
objects in the secondary storage. The goal of the Space-Filling Curve (SFC) is to preserve spatial
proximity; they can handle Nearest Neighbor Queries (NNQ) which involves determining the point in a
dataset that is nearest to a given point. In this paper a new algorithm for finding the horizontal and
vertical neighbor for RBG curve is proposed. The four direction neighbors are directly founded from the
query block without depending on transformation method between Piano and RBG index. The result
shows that the new algorithm has better performance than the traditional RBG neighbor index finding by
reducing the time needed for transformation between RBG and Piano index.

Background:
Cholecystitis and gallstone formations are the most common disorders affecting biliary system. Therapeutic
removal of gall bladder had evolved from traditional open cholecystectomy to advanced minimally invasive
laparoscopic surgery, in addition to mini-cholecystectomy for many purposes, and this study tried to make a
comparative study for these three methods of cholecystectomy.
Patients and methods:
Over two years’ time period, one hundred patient’s already undergone cholecystectomy had been studied. Their
cholecystectomy procedure varied according to clinical and scientific bases in to: open, mini and laparoscopic
(11, 70, and 19 patients respectively). The morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, drain insertion, surgical
site infections and time between surgeries to oral intake initiation were questioned.
Results:
Both Surgical site infection and adynamic ileus were observed in four patients with open surgery (two for each),
while none in those undergoing laparoscopic and mini surgery. Postoperatively, time to start oral feeding and
withdrawing drain in the standard open surgery were nearly twice in comparison with laparoscopic and mini
surgery group. Similarly, time for hospital staying in patients with standard open cholecystectomy was more
prolonged than laparoscopic and mini laparotomy method (94 vs. 70 and 60 hours respectively). Only one
patient with mini laparotomy needs conversion to classical open cholecystectomy.
Conclusions
Surgical recovery and hospital staying time were better in the laparoscopic and mini-laparotomy
cholecystectomy in comparison with standard open method. However, all general surgeons who operate
laparoscopic cholecystectomy must be familiar with mini laparotomy cholecystectomy and open (standard)
cholecystectomy in case of an urgent situation.