URUK FOR HUMANITIES

This research aims to know the effect of the strategy of graded activities on achievement and the development of information awareness for the students of the second grade average in the social subject, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher followed the experimental design with partial control of the experimental and control groups as a design for the research. Affiliated to the province of Najaf, and the researcher randomly chose (Al-Mustafa School for Boys), which includes five divisions for the second intermediate grade, and the researcher randomly chose Division (A) to represent the control group, while Division (D) represented the experimental group, and the research sample amounted to (60) students by (30) students in the experimental group, and (30) in the control group
The researcher rewarded the students between the two research groups statistically by using the t-test for two independent samples in the following variables (chronological age calculated in months, IQ test scores, and social studies scores in the mid-year test for the current academic year 2022-2023, , And I prepared an achievement test consisting of (50) optional items of the multiple choice type, and the researcher made sure of the validity of the test, the calculation of its stability, and all the statistical psychometric properties. Content by presenting the test to a group of experts and specialists in the field of teaching methods and educational results for the students' answers statistically using the t-test for two independent samples (T-test) to find out the significance of the difference at the level (0.05) between The two research groups showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the average second-grade students who studied according to the strategy of graduated activities and the average scores of the average second-grade students who study according to the usual method of achievement, and the results were in favor of the experimental group.

The Omani coast is one of the most important regions of the Arabian Gulf in terms of location . the coastal population is group of tribes . was the main feature of the division of tribes .
The coastal Tribes lived a harsh life before the discovery of Oil , and they were not united but rather dispersed ,and this made it easy for foreign powers to control the region . the environmental conditions were harsh and limited , so he depended on the sea more than land because of the lack of good water . however , the coastal residents succeeded in mixing between sea and land through cooperation with each other , and their ports turned into centers for the sale of pearls.

There is a political dimension to the spread of drug crimes in Iraq represented by the weakening of the Iraqi political system, by targeting its population strength on which it relies in its economic and security movement, through the intervention and sponsorship of other countries and the superpowers for that, not to mention the use of these crimes in the processes of political competition by striking the grassroots The Jamahiriya to the various political parties, in addition to financing terrorist operations inside Iraq, all this in order to strike the national belief of the Iraqi people, by destabilizing the human security of the Iraqi individual, especially his political security, and then exhausting the state politically and making it an unstable political system that most do not believe in. Individuals of the people, not meeting their political aspirations, and thus producing a weak state that does not have an influential geopolitical weight.

Wind plays a major role in influencing the appearance and landforms of the desert, through the processes of wind erosion represented by the processes of winnowing and wind erosion, as well as its role wind sedimentation in the study area. The measurement of wind pressure strength was measured to show the size of wind deflation, and it became clear that the monthly rates of wind pressure strength in the study area start with a gradual rise starting from the month of March, which amounted to (0.70, 1.47) kg/m2 according to NASA and Rafha data, respectively, to reach its peak in April. , to reach (1.55) kg / m 2, according to the data of the Rafha station, while the highest monthly rate of wind pressure strength was recorded in July in the NASA data, reaching (1.06) kg / m 2, and it maintains these rates until September, as the gradual decrease in the strength of wind pressure begins, which reached during this month (0.57 and 0.83) kg/m2 according to data from NASA and Rafha, respectively. The inductive capacity of the winds was also measured by using the soil susceptibility index to wind erosion, and according to this indicator, the inductive capacity of the winds ranged between (-0.02) and (+0.41). While the wind potential ranged according to Chepil's equation between (11888.55 - 11048.73), and it falls within the range of very high wind erosion.
Wind erosion resulted in a variety of landforms, including desert pavements, stony surfaces, windy faces, and wind caves. As for the wind sedimentary forms, they were represented by sand shadows, sand dunes, sandbanks and desert neem.

The research dealt with the Hydroclimatic assessment of the Wadi Nabaa Basin, in the desert of Muthanna Governorate, based on the American Soil Conservation-Curve Scheduling Model (SCS-CN) and indicative of soil and land cover classification for the purpose of quantitative assessment of surface runoff by analyzing satellite and climatic data and the digital elevation model and using the (GIS) program. For the purpose of extracting the required data, performing calculations, extracting some of the hydrological characteristics of the basin, and showing the results in the form of objective tables and maps.
The results showed that the area of the Wadi Nabaa Basin was (451.27 km2), and the average surface runoff volume in the Nabaa Wadi Basin was (459,966 m3), while the runoff volume for the strongest rainfall intensity reached (564,392 m3), and the depth of the runoff reached (108.6 mm). The basin is characterized by low permeability and a high flow rate. In terms of (CN), the result of the variation in the amounts of rain falling on the basin in the wet season, which can be invested in developing water harvesting

Research and exploration in the Iterability of and the original necessitate searching for them in the plastic field, given that the history of art in its entirety from the past to the present moment has become a field rich in achievements. Therefore, an artist must, in order to have his individuality, identity and a clear imprint, must draw from the past and the products of artists, but in a way A different employment, and this is not disputed by two, so the artist’s only option was to return to the past and rediscover the past, so the tagged research sheds light on the study of repetition and origin in the art of modernity and beyond. What is the purpose of the artist in postmodern arts resorting to the use of repetition in his visual texts? Is the intent of evoking previous artworks to make it a historical field? or cognitive? Or just to attract the attention of the recipient? What is the purpose of evoking it if it was subject to re-formulations in the formal? As for the second chapter, it included the theoretical body and included two sections that dealt with the first topic - repetition and the origin between significance and concept, while the second topic - features of formation in postmodern arts - a historical reading, while the third chapter included research procedures, as the framework of the research community was determined, And the selection of samples of (10) ten works of art, and the analysis of the sample models, while the fourth chapter is concerned with the research results and conclusions.

Information pollution is one of the topics of great importance as one of the threats to the intellectual security of society, by virtue of its link to knowledge and its issues in all areas of life from culture, education, education, security and others, so the issue of information pollution and its discussion has become an urgent necessity that no two disagree on. Hence, this study came as an attempt to reveal the repercussions of information pollution on the intellectual security of young people. The importance of the study stems from the fact that it discusses a topic characterized by a scarcity of writings about it, and the researchers hope that this study will serve as the seed for more studies on the topic. The study aimed to reveal the repercussions of information pollution on the intellectual security of the Saudi youth in the Eastern Province by identifying the basic concepts of information pollution and its forms, studying the relationship between information pollution and intellectual security among young people and the motives of young people towards using information, assessing the level of awareness of Saudi youth about the phenomenon of information pollution. To achieve this has been Distributing an electronic questionnaire to a random sample of young people of varying ages, educational levels and work environments, where the questionnaire was widely distributed through the use of the application (WhatsApp) and other means of communication to measure their level of awareness of the concept of information pollution and identify its causes from their point of view and its repercussions on their intellectual security. The number of young people who interacted with the researchers and answered the questionnaire questions reached (151) young men and women, which is the sample that was relied upon in the objective analysis and access to the results, the most prominent of which are: Poor awareness of the phenomenon of information pollution among the studied sample, where the results of the study resulted in that 54% of the sample members have no knowledge of information pollution. The study also proved that unreliable websites are among the most sources of information pollution, followed respectively by social networks, satellite channels and audiovisual media by (24%), and perhaps the most prominent repercussions of information pollution for the studied sample are the construction of a fragile culture that is not real by (43%).

using applications of artificial intelligence in worships performed by a proxy is one of the most important issues especially it concerns the person's worship and its organized rulings. In this study, the researcher utilized the scientific method in extrapolating legitimists views in this issue, depending on authentic sources of the research and directly attributing scientists texts and views from their books.
The current study discussed the following issues: definition of artificial intelligence, legal and jurisdictional adaptation of artificial intelligence, applications of artificial intelligence performed by a proxy such as utilizing artificial intelligence in prayer call, utilizing artificial intelligence in almasgiving, utilizing artificial intelligence in pilgrimage and lesser pilgrimage on behalf of the assigned person, using artificial intelligence as a guide for pilgrims and lesser pilgrimage performers, using in serving and supervising pilgrims and lesser pilgrimage performers, using in giving atonements on behalf of the assigned person. The study recommended that conferences and symposiums should be held as well as giving lectures in schools and communities about how to benefit from utilizing artificial intelligence in easing people in performing their worships and not using artificial intelligence instead of human and who acts on behalf of him in worships

This research deals with the developments that occurred in the women’s education movement in Iraq during the Ottoman era and its development during the period of the royal era, specifically the education of Baghdadi women and the keenness of the people and society in general for women’s education and their acquisition of basic skills in science and knowledge. The research attempted to shed light as much as possible on the stages of this development and the spread of schools in Baghdad and its distribution between a relatively small number of government and private or private schools for non-Muslim religious sects and minorities. The research followed the historical, descriptive and analytical approach to the information derived from the sources used, in addition to employing a number of tables to give a clear picture of the subject. The research concluded that there is a fairly clear development movement. The process of educating Baghdadi women during the period under study reflected the growing interest in women’s culture and the need to advance their cultural reality.

After the outbreak of World War I, men volunteered to go to the battlefield and participate in the war, so women saw it as their duty towards the British Empire to volunteer for war as well, and to practice the profession of nursing for the sake of their children, and accordingly the Women’s Elite Organization (Daughters of the Empire) and the New Zealand Nurses Organization were formed and the Nursing Service was formed In the New Zealand army and headed by Hester McClain, and even nurses of Maori origin asked to join.
New Zealand nurses served in Samoa and the eastern front in Egypt and Palestine, as well as on the western front in Belgium and France despite the dangers to which the nurses were exposed, especially after the sinking of the Marquette ship, but they proved their worth The New Zealand nurse was able to make a great contribution to the war effort, and her role was praised by the Governor, the Earl of Liverpool, and a number of nurses were honored for their bravery, heroic stances, and their treatment of patients with humanity and respect, even with German patients, and despite the opposition of many leaders and politicians by being on the front lines in the battle, they really proved Daughters of the British Empire.

This research deals with the fine art in the works of (Bul kli) and Khawan miru in order to identify the characteristics and artistic features of the works of both artists and to stand on the philosophical values in the fine art of their works, and monitoring the artistic properties of these works and clarifying the features that linked the content of their works with the characteristics of children’s art in terms of expressing the artistic properties, the fine art features and the human experience, and transferring human discourse away from everything that is familiar in a realistic way to the surface in the works of artists and the characteristics of childhood, features and meanings that appear in their works and their fine art philosophy . The study included the fine art and its development through ages, the emergence of surrealism and its trends, the biography of the artists, the artistic foundations and rules for their works, and the artistic properties of children’s drawings represented in the works of these artists. The applied study approach relied on the analytical descriptive approach (content analysis) by analyzing a number of (6) samples of the works of (Bul kli) and (Khawan miru) and analyzing the relationship between their fine art and the children's drawing in terms of the artistic features and properties of children's drawings.

The rules of decency and public decency in litigation are a set of principles and actions that the parties participating in the judicial process must adhere to, represented by mutual respect and professionalism. The parties must deal with each other honestly and transparently and there must be adherence to the laws and rules and avoid defamation and distortion. Therefore, all of these the rules enhance professional reputation and integrity in the litigation process and enhance confidence in the judicial system in order to fully achieve justice. These rules must be followed, whether by the judge and his assistants, or by the plaintiff or the lawyer’s representative, and the defendant or the lawyer’s representative.

The study revealed to us in this research, which is described as (Sarkoon Boulos ... and the prose poem, a vision and conclusion) on the most important sources of the prose poem in Sargon Boulos's poetry, an attempt to identify the sources and merits of his poetic texts (prose) and the mechanisms employed by the poet. Between the recall of childhood and the dialogue of the ego, and between realistic and imaginary imagination, and between legend and myth, with which he supported his poetic experience and pollinated his intellectual visions with it.

The Sino-soviet schism for the period 1956-1969 produced a major rift in the Communist Bloc, especially in the continent of Asia. Countries with a communist approach had to choose between lining up with the Soviet Union or standing against it and joining China. If they chose the hostile side, they had to bear the consequences of that choice. Outer Mongolia chose to be Moscow's reliable ally, and despite the great political and economic pressure exerted by China on it, it unequivocally sided with Moscow.

The research aims to assess the levels of spatial accessibility towards community service centers as destinations for the population with daily demand expressed by the amount of traffic through the paths of the street network in the city of Mosul. This is done by applying the spatial analysis methodology to the requirements of measuring ease of access using fuzzy logic to translate spatial interaction into mathematical logic, and convert its data into geographical knowledge represented by levels of saturated spread for ease of access between the very high 17.3 km2, the high 40.15 km2, the medium 62.81 km2, and the very low 46.55 km2 in an area the study. The model put forward options for the decision-maker to reorganize the hierarchical arrangement of the community service centers according to the interconnected paths of the streets network of the city of Mosul to achieve the largest savings from the community service centers.

We aim from this study to demonstrate the jurisprudential vision of the issue of profiting from the Internet, after we sensed the prevalence of electronic commerce and its spread on a large scale, and this puts the consumer in dangers that he may be indispensable for, so there must be rationing of these matters according to the vision of Islamic law, and it has resulted The idea of this research is based on a main goal represented in defining the jurisprudential vision of profiting from the Internet in its various types and methods.
This goal was related to the general problem of studying the subject, which was represented in the main question: What is the jurisprudential vision of the means of profiting via the Internet? Are there any damages resulting from these transactions? How can electronic commerce be regulated to serve the interests of the individual and the group? We followed the analytical inductive approach, and we also used the deductive approach, and we adhered to a plan that we considered appropriate to complete this topic and investigate its elements, which included an introduction, two topics, a conclusion, and evidence for sources and references

This study dealt with the description of the Qur’an in the thought of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) by employing the Qur’anic text in order to demonstrate its greatness, comprehensiveness, and its comprehension of all aspects of human life, material and moral, and in a way that is compatible with all temporal and spatial transformations. There is no room for doubt or suspicion that there is a difference or a deficiency, and since the levels of understanding and reception differ among people, therefore it was necessary to rally around the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) who are the people of divine knowledge and the source of legislative resources in understanding the Qur’anic text, its purposes and objectives, so the correct understanding is The right way to guidance and to reach the pleasure of God Almighty, but in the case of referring to the understanding of the Book to other than those chosen by God Almighty, it is the eye of misguidance and deviance, and opens the door to distortion and interpretation in a way that serves self-interests, whims and illegitimate goals

This study discusses the geographical analysis of workers social welfare units in Iraq for the year 2020 ،The research followed the descriptive and analytical approach and the use of the quantitative method in scientific research based on the data of the Ministry of Planning and Development Cooperation.
The study included tow axes. The first axis included the geographical distribution of workers in social care units in Iraq for the year 2020، The second axis included the educational composition of workers in social care units and knowledge of the gender disparity rates for workers in sovial care units and according to the type of unit and governorate and the results showed that there in social care units and the percentages varied upwards and according to gender and that there is a disparity in the percentages of workers in social care units according to educational composition and obtaining certificate .
The study came with a set of results and proposals , including that there is a change in the size of workers in social welfare units for the period (2006-2020) and the percentages varied towards rise and fall, and that there is a variation in the size of workers according to the type of unit at the level of Iraq, as the number of workers in nursing homes for the disabled rose to (2191) male and female workers and (611) of them working in state homes. As for the elderly homes, their size reached (348) male and female workers, and in the homes of tenderness for the incapacitated amounted to (102) male and female workers, and that the province of Baghdad recorded the highest volume of workers in social welfare units because of the high number of state homes, homes for the elderly, care homes, homes of tenderness for the disabled and care homes for the disabled in them, as it is the capital, and that there is a spatial disparity for workers in social welfare units in Iraq according to educational structure, sex and type of unit

In recent times, ecological studies have increasingly been employed to promote environmental awareness across various disciplines and regions worldwide. This paper specifically focuses on the repercussions of war and political violence on Iraq's ecology, which has been greatly impacted by conflict. Two noteworthy plays, Ishtar in Baghdad by Iraqi writer Rasha Fadhlil and In the Reeds by American writer Amy Merrill, shed light on this subject. Both plays, which primarily center on Iraq, underscore that those who fail to appreciate and value human life cannot possibly regard nonhuman entities with reverence. Fadhlil effectively employs elements from Mesopotamian mythology to draw attention to the impending environmental disaster that looms over the region.
On the other hand, Merrill's concise play delves into the devastating destruction and subsequent attempts at rebuilding the marshes in Southern Iraq. The play also highlights how the Iraqi regime has historically disregarded the crucial role these marshes play in sustaining the Iraqi ecological system. Essentially, both plays serve as compelling mediums to address the pressing ecological issues in Iraq caused by warfare and political upheaval. By bringing these concerns to the forefront, they contribute to increasing public awareness about the importance of preserving and protecting the environment in a region deeply affected by conflict.

Violence cannot be separated from human culture, civilization, and ideology. Ironically, it is society that creates the borders of legal and illegal violence. Therefore, violence is culturally relevant. This paper examines the culture of violence in Saki’s “The Toys of Peace” and Ahmed Al-Malik’s “The Tank”. The two short stories are set in entirely different backgrounds and address violence in relation to children’s and adult’s lives, respectively. The study aims to examine violence in relation to culture and man’s primitive instincts. It also addresses controlling violence through education, promoting peace, and encouraging refined codes of conduct. The paper juxtaposes violence to social conflict and culture of politics. It examines the distance between the savage and civilized man and the source of all human violence.

"Lord of the files" is considered as one of the famous fictions that treated the topics of psychology, power, and social relations. The current study, through adopting an aspect of Halliday's "Systemic Functional Linguistics" theory investigates the ideological conception of different groups in relation to the notions of power, powerlessness, and fear. This is done by showing how power is represented in what each group feels and thinks towards the other. The analysis contributes to the character’s full understanding. The study also includes an analysis procedure namely the verb process elements of analysis, which the characters simplify about strength (power) and weakness (powerless) point under investigation and provide evidence to support their thoughts and feelings.

The primary objective of this article is to examine the common translation errors made by Iraqi university students. The study employs Pham Phu Quynh Na's (2005) error analysis taxonomy to categorize and identify errors occurring during the translation of passive sentences from Arabic into English. The findings indicate that linguistic errors are the most prevalent, constituting 61.52% in the first university and 42.84% in the second. Conversely, translation errors are the least frequent, accounting for 38.45% and 57% of the total error rate. Notably, comprehension errors comprise 27% of the errors observed. The gathered data underscores the necessity for these students to undergo additional translation training and exhibit increased attentiveness to understand linguistic texts, while also expanding their translation knowledge.

The aim of this article is to investigate eponyms, which are not just linguistic phenomena but also cultural phenomenon since they demonstrate one's effect on society and history. Words formed from a person's name, such as "volt" from Alessandro Volta and "sandwich" from John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, are examples of eponyms. Eponyms can be used to honor prominent persons, such as scientists, innovators, or well-known figures. They also demonstrate how society prioritizes specific accomplishments or attributes, as in the situations of "Fahrenheit" and "Celsius," which are named after two pioneering scientists in the field of temperature measurement. Eponyms may also be used for branding or marketing, as in the case of the word "Jeep," which was formed from the name of a World War II military vehicle. The study has ended with some results that eponyms are widely used to honor and immortalize these individuals, fostering devotion and respect in the community. Finally, eponyms are a cultural phenomenon that illustrates the dynamic connection between individuals, language, and society.

Literature is always used for students to communicate with others, by sharing their thoughts and feelings about the literary text being analyzed by the literature specialists. This study observed literature specialists in their EFL classes. It addresses the following questions: can literature be used for developing both language and literature areas, and What are the areas of language and literature developed by the use of literature?
The study aims at achieving the following: Observing literature specialists to arrive at the aims for using literature in their EFL classes, and describing the areas of language and literature, which can be taught by using literature. It is hypothesized that: All the aesthetic features of Literature can be analyzed, literature can develop students’ critical thinking, and can help students mastery of EFL. Depending on the analysis and discussion carried out in this study, it is concluded that all the hypotheses of the study are proved.

The Corona pandemic is one of the most prominent geopolitical changes that occurred in Iraqi society and greatly affected the increase in social problems, which resulted in serious repercussions on society and the individual, which threatens social security and a serious indicator indicating that society is suffering from a real crisis in its societal fields, as the Corona pandemic contributed to Many of the geopolitical effects were the high rates of divorce, begging, poor social justice, as well as the increase in the rates of violence in all its forms, physical and verbal violence, crime, and unemployment in all its periodic and disguised forms until it reached 21%, as well as the increase in poverty rates significantly, reaching 32%.

There are many and varied determinants of the urban expansion of the city, including natural and human ones. The city of Samawah is one of the cities whose growth is determined in certain directions and extended towards other directions. Samawah Cement Factory played a role in defining the directions of urban expansion of the city towards the southeast direction, which prompted the city to expand towards the north, northwest and south directions to compensate for the narrow space in the southeast.

Golding's Lord of the Flies is full of symbolism. Every object or character in this novel has a symbolic meaning. Golding uses symbolism to send his message regarding his main themes in this novel like savagery and violence through recognizable symbolic characters such as Ralph, piggy, Jack and other boys in the island. The author employs many characters in the novel to have a notable symbolic meaning, symbolism within objects like the conch shell, the glasses, the fire, shelters and rocks. Symbolism within animals like a pig; The main purpose of this article is to find out the symbolism in this literary work, and to show what it stands for within the characters, inanimate things, animals and the title Lord of the Flies. The title of this novel is a Hebrew name for the chief of demons or literally the Lord of the Flies is a name sometimes used as an alternative phrase for the word “Satan”, Golding employs it in the novel as a symbolic indication of the struggle for power in situations of chaos and turmoil, it also represents the physical manifestation of the evil that appeared to the boys, and it is the evil that Golding believes is present in each of us.

The term autism disorder is considered relatively recent and was used at the beginning by psychologists and psychiatrists, including the Swiss psychiatrist Eigen Bleuler in 1911, when he used it to describe people who are isolated from the outside world and withdrawn from social life. As well as studying the characteristics Demographics of autistic patients and studying their causes (such as genetic, hereditary, environmental, electronic devices and drugs) and methods of treatment such as treatment (behavioral, educational, family and medication) and the most important problems that suffer from the sufferers and their families. The causes of autism were studied statistically and the genetic causes were the most variables with the emergence of autism, and the study sample reached (1654) cases, and they are the number of patients present in health centers for treatment, and using the sample equation, the study population became (311) cases.