Hawlyat Al-Montada

The idea of ​​citizenship in the modern Arab state has not yet been established, whether on the theoretical or practical levels. It requires a great effort at the levels of the state and government (the authorities and the opposition), in addition to civil society institutions alike, due to the absence of a culture of citizenship and the weakness of the structures, compositions, and regulating institutions. For governmental and non-governmental political meetings.

Some concepts live in their connotations and contents, stages of development and change, so they take different aspects of the first content that they were developed for, and all of this is a result of the connotations of reality with which dialectic of influencing and affecting
The importance of this research lies in the fact that revealing the concept of jihad in Islamic jurisprudence and its dialectic with religious experience is a central matter required by the transformations of reality and its implications, not only on the text (the Qur’an and the Sunnah) but on the arbitrary interpretations formulated by some Salafi jihadist tendencies, and trying to impose them as a certain interpretation of the text Islamic culture and non-recognition of civilized progress and its entitlements. This made literal reading collide with the progressively developing reality.

The issue of the role of women in human societies is one of the topics that has raised many debates. This is, in fact, a natural reaction to all that women have suffered from the oppression, marginalization, and subordination to men. In fact, in some societies, they were and still are bought and sold as a commodity, unfortunately very unfortunately. This is where the responsibility lies

Praise be to God who sent down the Book to His servant and did not make it crooked, and peace be upon His servants whom He chose from among the pure messengers, prophets, and imams, especially their seal and master Muhammad, and upon his pure family and chosen companions. 00 and after:
God Almighty has honored man, favoring him over the rest of his creation, and subjected to him all that is on earth, then he increased his honor with the Holy Qur’an, and he singled out the Arab nation by selecting their language to be an incubating vessel for his speech, which is still brimming with various types of science and knowledge.

Recognizing and defending human rights is one of the basic duties of society, and it was emphasized by Islam and the Noble Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, and Imam Ali, may God bless him and grant him peace, because of the injustice and oppression they witnessed in the society of the Arabian Peninsula before Islam.

The public prosecution has gone through many developments in parallel with the development that the legislation has gone through. Initially, the role of the public prosecution was limited to the criminal side, but it has extended gradually to the civil side as well, as it represents the social authority, and takes into account all its interests and preserves them, whether public or private interests Most of the legislation encouraged this principle, but they varied in the extent of the powers open to the public prosecution in this aspect. In Iraq, the Public Prosecution Law No. 49 of 2017 was enacted with the aim of protecting the state’s system and its security and ensuring the supreme interests of the people and preserving state and public sector funds, as well as contributing to Family protection And childhood, however, the new law did not give the public prosecutor the role through which he could exercise his role in the civil lawsuit, so we chose a topic that we sought by studying the texts of the law above and coming up with results and recommendations that enrich the law and grant the public prosecutor its effective role in the civil lawsuit.

Since the end of World War II in 1945, American-British relations have taken on the character of special relations, especially after the decline of the British role in the world and its dependence on the United States of America in the political, economic, and military fields. During the study period, American-British relations witnessed some tensions, as US President Richard Nixon and politician

American policy during the era of President Jimmy Carter witnessed a noticeable shift in its foreign policy towards Latin America in general and Cuba in particular, a policy that had not been witnessed in four previous administrations during Carter’s rule since the Bay of Pigs crisis. Carter launched his policy towards Cuba from several motives, and at the forefront of that was Removing the latter from the orbit of the Soviet Union. In addition, the new president started from an idea calling for human rights, and as a result, the United States of America reached normalization

Talking about the future of philosophical theorizing is not devoid of paradox, since it seems concerned, to the extent that it appears on the surface, concerned with what this type of thinking will lead to, between transformation, renewal, or disappearance.

This research indicates a study of the most important uses of water in the industrial stages of the (transformative) oil and chemical industries in Basra Governorate, as these uses have varied, as have the operations of treatments that industrial waters go through before they are suitable for those different uses, this research aims to study the most important The main uses of water in the oil and chemical industries in the governorate, as many physical and chemical treatment operations are carried out to obtain industrial water with specifications commensurate with the requirements of the oil and chemical industries in the governorate, and the number of treatment and pumping stations has reached Primary water has four operating stations for the year 2018, serving four large industrial establishments in Basra Governorate, where the Basra Refinery recorded the highest amount of water withdrawn, treated and discharged, with a quantity of 6912, 4879, and 2033 thousand m3 each, respectively, and the facility came The General Company for Chemical Industries secondly, as the amount of water withdrawn from the river reached 2798 m 3, and the amount of treated water is 1614 m 3, and the amount of water discharged reached 1154 m 3, and the chemical analysis facility came third, the amount of water withdrawn from the river reached 2592 m 3, and the amount of treated water 2509 m 3, The amount of water offered was 86 m 3, and finally the facility came The General Petrochemical Industries Company, the amount of water withdrawn from the river reached 2276 m 3, the amount of treated water is 1289 m 3, and the quantity of water discharged is 987 m 3 .

Iraq is characterized by a high frequency of dust weather phenomena by virtue of the nature of the dry climate that prevails over more than 80% of its area in addition to desertification conditions and the deterioration of soil properties. All these factors contributed to the increase in the frequency of the phenomenon and its frequency increases during the dry season months due to high temperatures and wind movement activity, especially during Duration from April to October and dust phenomena contribute to the deterioration of the extent of vision on the external roads, especially on the highway linking Baghdad and Basra due to the nature of the region and the spread of sand dunes, which caused many traffic accidents and as Dust phenomena also affect the air transport activity of cold wear of the engine (fan or propeller blades), causing surface damage leading to weak exhaust gas flow deterioration and a gradual loss of engine performance. Additional damage caused to the outer surface of the aircraft. Corrosion if dust particles are deposited on the combustion walls, turbine blades will form glass deposits with a rough surface which may lead to rapid performance loss which causes potential risks during takeoff or landing operations

This study aimed to identify the use of the Internet by Iraqi university students for preliminary studies, as well as the nature of the relationship between students and their use of the Internet. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was designed aimed at field study of the study problem in order to test and reach optimal solutions, and all questionnaires were conducted.

The unification of God Almighty is a central axis in Islamic literature, around which all topics dealt with in this literature revolve around, and it is not surprising in this matter if we know that this literature is derived from the Islamic perception of the universe, man and life and that the basis of this perception is the doctrine of unification, which requires all creatures to be linked to its Creator Because it is poor and in need of God in every moment of its existence. This fact was rooted in the instinct of man and other Creatures, and was decided in the messages of the prophets from time immemorial, and that great truth included the unification of divinity and its specialization in God Almighty, as it included the unification of slavery for him alone without a partner.And when this belief is rooted in the soul of a person, it connects it with the reality of divinity with various feelings of love, dread, fear, greed, and hope, and connects between man, the universe and life with connections of sympathy, affection, and kinship, and connects him and his brother with a bond of living flowing love, and the Islamic literature is celebrated by depicting These lofty emotions that overflow the souls of believers in the doctrine of monotheism, the first of which is the Love affection for God Almighty, And this divine love of the Islamic writer turns into a monotheistic universal vision that does not convince perceptible phenomena but rather implements its light into the depths of existence. and starts from this vision a great human emotions that is celebrated in Islamic literature.The result of this unification is unity and harmony in the psychological composition of the individual and in the social structure as well, and all of this becomes an aim of Islamic creativity as a form of worship.. Here, the effect of awareness and vision appears to achieve a state of unity and radiance in the spirit of the believer writer. When the Islamic writer opens his mind and heart to this elaborate existence, he must unite with him and integrate into his system and harmonize with his movement and his ultimate goal of worshiping and unifying God, as we witness that In his depiction of nature, for example, where he sees an open book that reads in his letters and words the verses indicating the existence and greatness of God, Likewise, in his depiction of man, life, and society in their association, unity, and continuous evolutionary movement towards integration and reaching their ultimate goal in the worship of God and pure unification. Hence the functions of Islamic literature: ideological, aesthetic, social, ethical and civilizational, all come within the framework of a sense of commitment and responsibility, and these functions meet in the literature of Islamic writer who is directed towards truth, goodness, beauty and virtue. Thus, Islamic literature is concerned with linking a person to his creator after purifying himself from all the prejudices of pre-Islamic perceptions and dirt of corrupt postural beliefs whose effects we find in most doctrines of Western literature such as romance, existentialism, Absurdism, and others.

The paper includes a discussion of the experience of implementing the e-learning system, which was adopted due to the spread of the Covid-19 virus, and a review of the factors and controls adopted in this system and the resulting effects on the method of measuring the level of student performance.
The results indicated the importance of controlling students’ attendance at electronic lectures, and for those who fail to enroll in e-learning to feel the consequences of this on the evaluation that occurs.