Journal of university of Anbar for Pure science

One hundred fifty-two (152) clinical samples included burns, otitis, and wounds samples and were collected from some Baghdad hospitals. About cystic fibrosis samples, 6 samples were obtained from postgraduate students in Institute of Genetic Engineering. Also, 67 environmental samples were collected. After isolation and identification, 83 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa had been identified. Fifty-four (54) isolates, includes 44 clinical isolates and 10 eco isolates, were selected to investigate the Susceptibility Test toward 11 types of antibiotics. 35 isolates were selected for the discovering tests of 16S rRNA، LecA and LecB gene. Indeed, the bacterial isolates exhibited a high resistance against Ampicillin, Amoxicillin and Nalidixic acid; then decreased against Cefotaxime, Ceftazidimim, Tetracycline, Amikacin, Augmantin, Vancomycin, and Chloramphenicol, while the antibiotic Imipenem recorded a low resistance . The results of electrophoresis for PCR productions of gene 16S rRNA, which considered identification gene, showed peaks in the suspected size (956 bp) in all clinical and environmental isolates. The results of electrophoresis for the detection of LecA gene، LecB bands in the size of (369 and 226 base pairs) respectively for all isolates . From another hand, these results showed peaks for LecA and LecB genes with sizes 369 and 226 pb respectively for all clinical and environmental isolates.

The study included chosen five chosen sampleing station of water, four of them at Tigris river while the fifth station at samara sewage channel before meeting with Tigris river .Samples were collected monthly from October 2010September 2011. some physical، chemical and biological characteristics at river water were studied The effects of sewage water on quality has beeneralutel.Thestudied parameders in clued, Air and watertemperature, electrical conductivity, pH,total dissolved solid(TDS)،Total suspseneded solid(TSS)،dissolved oxygen(Do)،biological oxygen demand( BOD), total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness, chloride, alkalinity, nutrients concerteration,( phosphate, nitrate )in addition to the total number of bacteria and coliform bacteria.Water Temperature ranged through out the study between (5–35℃)،while air temperature ranged between(5–38℃),Electrical conductivity in the river water ranged between 280 – 1480 mc/cm, where in sewage the electrical conductivity ranged between(1200 – 2180 ) mc/cm،while pH value tened to be slightly alkaline،it show very close value where ranged between(5.3 -8.8). The results also show that the water were in good airation where the value of dissolved oxygen ranged between (3 – 10 ) mg/L in station )1) and stations (5)while the value of dissolved oxygen in stations (2) and(3) range between ( 2 – 6.5 ) mg/L .The result also shows that the concentration of total (TSS)suspended solidsranged between(20-798) mg/L. where it has highst value in April for all stations،this propably due to increase in the river which accompanied by suspended solid،while the dissolved solids in all station range between (250 -1470 ) mg/L .The highest value recorded was, 1470 mg/ L in May 2011for station(2).Total hardness for Tigris River ranged between hard to very hard(125 – 360 ) mgCaCO3/L in station1،4and 5،whereas its value in stations two and 3 ranged between ( 200 – 925 ) mg/L. Calcium ion which is the cause of calcium hardness was higher than magnesium cencenrteration which is responsible of magnesium hardness،where calcium hardness ranged between( 75 – 587.5 ) mg/ l and magnesium hardness ranged between ( 5 – 500 ) mg/l. chloride concentration ranged between( 8 – 127.5 ) mg/l in all station, chloride cencetration in stations one, two, and five were in the allowable wnorld limit(8.5 – 68 ) mg/l. Alkalinity values show that it related to carbonate and bicarbonate،and its ranged between ( 110 – 900 ) mg/l .While phosphate value ranged between(0.0106 – 1.999) µg atom –PO4/L, the lowest values were recorded in Tigris river,While the high value recorded in sewage station two, while nitrate value were fluctuated in all stations but the high value recorded in the second station is ranged between ( 0.0103 – 1.140 ) µg atom NO3/l.Result of microbiological study show that there is high number of bacteria the average of total count were(39.7×105،17.31×105، 267× 105، 3.17 ×105،0.0531×105) cell/ ml for all stations respectively،so it has been suggested that the water in Tigris river considered as polluted to very polluted while the resulty of Coliform bacteria were very high and the average number for all stations respectively as follows (209 × 105,9809×105، 25× 105, 1×105، 0.004×105( cell /ml According to these result the water is not suitable for direct drinking .Statistical analysis for most factors studied show significant differences between station1 and station 2 and between station1 and station 3 as well in stations 4and 5and there is no significant differences between station 2 and station 3.

The aim of this study was the molecular detection of ABO gene and identify the patterns of alleles in Iraqi population sample. The study consisted of 100 unrelated individuals who appear to be healthy. The blood samples were used for detecting of blood groups and genotyping of ABO gene allele by using PCR-RFLP technique. The DNA was extracted by using extraction kit which gave relatively high yield concentration (40- 110 ng/µl), And purity within the optimal range. DNA concentration was adjusted to the proper concentration of PCR reaction. ABO gene was amplified by using two sets of specific primers for ABO locus with required alleles. Two separate segments of the glycosyltransferase gene containing nucleotide 261 in exon 6 and nucleotide 703 in exon 7 of ABO gene were amplified. The first set was used for the amplification of 468pb DNA fragment, Which contain the nucleotide 261. The second set was used to amplify 298bp DNA fragment, Which contain the nucleotide 703. Digestion products were run on 2% agarose gel, All fragments were compared with DNA ladder and there sizes were determined. The electrophoresis patterns of 100 samples showed that ABO genotypes were 5(4.0218%) AA, 23(23.9782%) AO, 2(3.3191%) BB, 24(22.6809%) BO, 8(8%) AB and 38(38%) OO. The O2 allele was encountered in this study. The study also showed that there is no difference when comparing the Phenotype with the Genotype.

In this study six varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) used which where Z. mays saccharata (Z1), Z. mays indurate (Z2), Z. mays indentata (Z3), Z. mays everta (Z4), Z. mays tunicate (Z5) and Z. mays amylacea (Z6), and (10) RAPD primers for detection of the genetic variation among the DNA of these varieties and determine the genetic relationship among them and also determine the genetic fingerprint. the mount of DNA was between (65-90) microgram for each (1) gram of the leaves of these varieties after isolation the genomic DNA by (CTAB) method with purity range between (1.5-1.85) and interfering (PCR) reactions and then electrophoresis on agarose gel.The results of RAPD reactions showed that the primer (OPW-09) didn't show amplified results while nine primers appear (277) band, (120) bands are monomorphic and the percent (43.32%), (157) bands polymorphic and at percent (56.67%). The results of genetic diversity appeared the RAPD is the least value of the genetic diversity was (0.21349) between the varieties (Z2, Z5) and the highest value was (0.56484) between (Z1, Z5). according to genetic analysis for the results, the dendogram divided in to three major groups, the first major group include (Z1), and the second group (Z6) only while the third major group was divided in to three minor groups. The first minor group contained (Z4) and the second group (Z3) while the third group includes (Z2, Z5).

The study included collection of 52 clinical samples from patients suffering from teeth infections, Microscopic and biochemical tests was conducted and a selective media were used for the diagnosis of bacterial isolates that isolated from the teeth. The results of this study showed abacterial isolates Staphylococcus aureus arate 21.3%, while the Escherichia coli were 10.7%. The effect of fourteen antibiotic was studied on all bacterial isolates which were 48 isolates by disk diffusion method and two isolates were represented the most resistant to antibiotics that was possessed pattern of multiple drug resistance towards(11-12) antibiotic among fourteen counter. The biofilm formation of the two bacterial species was investigated, the results showed the ability of all isolates to formation abiofilm. The oil was extracted from the collected and diagnosed ginger cellular toxicity, ph and the minimum inhibitory concentration were be tested toward the bacteria. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the isolates lost the ability to produce biofilm. The ability of oil to neutralize plasmids was tested and results showed the ability of ginger oil to neutralize plasmids.

P.aeruginosa bacteria are opportunistic pathogens capable of infection almost every tissue in the body as a result of possessing a large variety of virulence factors which significantly contribute to the pathogenicity of the host events. In this study, the collection of 90 different clinical sample belonging to the sources, for detection the spread of P.aeruginosa in these sources and study some of virulence factors genes possessed by these bacteria. Diagnosed develop isolated after planted on different growth media through phenotypic traits and microscopic examinations, as well as molecular diagnostics definitive diagnosis of isolates that give a positive result as bacteria P.aeruginosa during the previous tests were depending on the gene diagnosis 16SrDNA with a special bacterial sequence of P.aeruginosa. Diagnostic results showed that 47 isolated a 52% belonging for the type of P.aeruginosa that were divided on 15 isolates 31.9% of cases of burns infections, 13 isolates 27.6% of cases of wound infections, 10 isolates 21.3% of cases of middle ear infections, 5 isolates 10.7% of cystic fibrosis, 4 isolates 8.5% of cases of urinary tract infections. It has been investigating the prevalence of tox A gene that encoded to external toxin A (ETA), and las B gene that encoded to elastase enzyme using (PCR) technique, as the results showed the presence of both genes by 100% within the genetic structure of the isolates of P.aeruginosa under study, and despite the higher in all isolates studies cannot be adopted as indicators diagnostic of these bacteria as substitutes for other genes diagnostic because low sensitivity, as well as being the genes of the most prone to mutations.

The study showed that the temperature impact on some of the vital qualities of an intruder Aphidiusmatricariae when his breeding at different temperatures ,As the results of the study showed that the treatment of thermal 20 C outperformed morally and gave the highest number of mummies extent of 37-45 and an average of 42.33 ± 4.16 mummy.Followed by treatment of spam raising the temperature 30 C the number of mummies given the extent of 11-14 and an average 12.33 ± 1.52 mummy.While at breeding this Parasites thermal 10 C gave the least number of mummies and reached long- 1-3 and an average 2 ± 1 mummy. And an average of 18.88 in the recipetically.And that the temperature effect on the proportion of the eggs to hatch as thermal treatment 20C given higher proportion of hatching the extent of 74-90 and an average of 84.66 ± 9.23 hatch eggs Excelled morally so the rest of the transactions , followed by treatment of spam raising the thermal 30 C extent of 36-46 and an average of 40.66 ± 5.03 hatched egg , while recorded the treatment 10C lowest percentage for the eggs to hatch since given the extent of 10-30 and an average of 20 ± 10 and reached overall average of 48.44 egg recipe.

Identification of 66 bacterial isolates obtained from different sources has been shoud belonging to the bacterium P. aeruginosa in arate of 46 infection isolation and 20 environmental isolates which confirmed by Microscopy diagnosis and Biochemical tests.Micro titration plates method was (MTP) used for detection of isolates abilites to produce Pyocyanin dye. The isolates were differed in their production of Pyocyanin dye between productive with high efficiency, medium efficiency and low efficiency.For the study of gene expression of these isolates, extracted RNA was obtaind from of all isolates, then measure the amount of gene expression by qRT- PCR technology for gene PhzA responsible for production of Pyocyanin dye, was studied the isolates incuded were 56 as treatment isolates and 10 as control isolates of each gene using the One Step Real time–PCR. It was found that the phzA gene expression by relative Quantification method ,within the range (0.93-2.12) ,with highly significant differences and probability (P<0.001).

The research was summarized in preparation and make samples of the ceramic body that are filled with Low-Density Polyethylene particles.The composite materials were manufactured by using ( Duekhla White Caly with Polymer particles) for purposes of improving the properties of clay for ceramic uses. The samples were prepared from The white Duekhla clay with fixed particle size (150µm) as a matrix and adding polymer powder particles (50µm) as fillers by different ratios in the range (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) %. Some essential materials such as feldspar and the fluvial sand. The results that were obtained from tests showed that higher contents of low-density polyethylene(LDPE) and that were added to the ceramic mixture gave good results and significant improvements for water absorbance resistance and less thermal conductivity. The mechanical properties of ceramic composites were improved by a higher ratio when adding (10%) of LDPE to ceramic composites. For example, the tensile strength was increased by an amount (175.5MPa) for the addition ratio (10%), compared with the pure sample (133MPa). The results of water absorbance and thermal conductivity decreased with increasing of the addition ratio for LDPE fillers. All obtained results indicated to the possibilities of improving the quality of the used clay in the ceramic industry for increasing the plasticity and disappear some disadvantages that were observed during the tests that were obtained on them.

This study includes the ability of selected clays, which are (Iraqi bentonite, Iraqi Kaolin and Italian Kaolin) for the adsorption of heavy metals (Cu+2, Zn+2, Cd+2 and Pb+2) from aqueous solution. As preliminary experiment, the extraction operation of these ions were carried out by using batch method at (pH= 6.7 and 30 ̊C) for 10 min as a contact time to indicate the best type of these clays for removing these ions. Different temperatures (30 ̊C, 40 ̊C, 50 ̊C) and times (10 min, 20 min, 30 min) were also carried out at various pH (4، 6.7 and 9) to select the optimum conditions for removing these ions. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of these ions. The obtained results showed that the ability of the studied clays to removal these ions at (pH=6.7, 30 ̊C and 10 min contact time) were as follows: Iraqi bentonite> Iraqi Kaolin>Italian Kaolin The results were also showed that the percent adsorption for removal the most ions at (pH = 9, 30 ̊C and 10 min contact time) was 100%. The increase of reaction temperature and contact time led to increase the adsorption percent. The adsorption percent for all these ions was half or less than half when the solution of these ions containing foreign ions.

In this research, activated carbon (A.C) and non-activated carbon (N.A.C) have been produced from heavy crude oil waste by distillation operations, carbonization and activation. Anhydrous zinc chloride (ZnCl2) (10% W/V) have been used for activation process with temperature of (500) ºC. Adsorption processes of Orthotolidine on the surface of (A.C) and (N.A.C) have been studied at (pH = 7) with various periods for contact (10-120) minutes and with temperatures of (283, 293, 303, 313) K, using solutions of (50, 100, 150, 200) mg \ L versus grain size of carbon (Mesh 70). The results showed that the percentage of adsorption increases with increasing of temperature and contact time. The highest percentage of adsorption of Orthotolidine reached to (99.00) %, using (A.C) and solutions of (100 mg \ L) concentration at contact time of (120 minutes) and temperature of (313 K), whereas a higher percentage of adsorption of Orthotolidine reached to (97.36) %, using (N.A.C) at the same previous conditions.Equations of Frendlich, Langmuir and Temkin have been applied on the adsorption processes. The results showed that all of the equations fit with adsorption processes according to correlation factor values (R2). The thermodynamic functions have been calculated. Values of (ΔGº) showed that the adsorption processes were spontaneous. Values of (ΔHº) showed that the adsorption processes were chemisorption and endothermic.

This work includes preparation polymeric composite materials by hand-lay up method layers of glass fiber type ( E-glass) and Rock wool fiber at volume fraction 30%. Practical results showed that the surface hardness and impact strength increase with increasing the number of reinforcing layers for the two types of fibers . Also the results showed that the values of hardness and impact strength for the samples reinforced with glass fiber more than that of samples reinforced with rock wool fibers.

In this study, a mathematical equation was calculated for both the aerial and silica segments of the optical pathway emitted from the center of the fiber to calculate the neff refractive index of the photonic crystalline fiber envelope area by approximation of Silica Strand Model. In terms of the effective refractive index, the propagation properties of the photonic crystalline fibers with circular air gaps were calculated and controlled by controlling the main engineering parameters of the photonic crystalline spectrum, including: d, , Nr, MNr and d /  Aerobic gap rings, number of missing rings and air segment in order.
The results were comparable to published global research to study propagation characteristics, and zero dispersion to short wavelengths was obtained to obtain zero dispersion at desired wavelength instead of 1.155 and 1.300 in conventional optical fibers. This study could be generalized to photonic crystalline fibers of any shape and number Aerobic gaps, in addition to the possibility of studying these characteristics by replacing the air with any liquid or gas known refractive index.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of difference in prostate big size benign and prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations on some biochemical (Glucose , Cholesterol , Acid Phosphatase) and hormones(ACTH , Estrogen , Testosterone ) in the men patients having prostatic hyperplasia and compared with healthy men. The study was carried for 60 patients males infected by the prostatic hyperplasia and 40 healthy males, there ages were ranged between (47 – 90 years). The results show that high significant increased (P ≤0.05) in all patients categories (20 – 40 mm3), (41 – 60) ,( 61 – and more) mm3 of prostatic with BPH in the (Glucose, Cholesterol, Acid Phosphatase ACTH and estrogen) compared with a healthy men. There is significant (P ≤0.05) increased in the patients prostate size category of (61 – more mm3) compared with the other patients categories (20 – 40 mm3), (41 – 60 mm3) in the (Glucose , Acid Phosphatase , ACTH and estrogen) parameters , while the healthy men was increased significant (P ≤0.05) in the testosterone compared with all patients prostate size categories. On the other hand the all categories for the PSA concentrations (0-3.5) , (3.6-7.0), (7.1 and more) ng/ml are increase significant (P ≤0.05) in prostatic patients compared with healthy men in the components (Glucose , Cholesterol , Acid Phosphatase ACTH) and significant increase (P ≤0.05) in healthy testosterone compared with all PSA categories of prostatic patients. The high PSA category (7.1 and more) ng/ml gives the high concentrations in (Glucose, Cholesterol, Acid Phosphatase ACTH) and a significant effect (P ≤0.05) between the the patients categories.

A series of novel 1,3,4,9a-tetrahydrobenzo[e][1,3]oxazepin-5(5aH)-one derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of Schiff bases with bicyclo]2.2.2[oct.7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic anhydride in anhydrous acetonitrile under dry and reflux conditions with high yields via polar cycloaddition. Schiff bases were synthesized by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes, ketones or prepared chalcones with primary aromatic amines. The products were identified by their melting point, FT-IR, UV-Vis-spectra, 1H-NMR and13C-NMR spectra.

A commercial packing polystyrene had been modified via sulphonation process yielding an efficient ion-exchanger for softening of water . Some factors that have to do with such transformation had been followed up . It had been found that sulphonation conditions, molecular weight, residence time and additives have roles to play.

This study includes synthesis and characterization of new pyrimidine derivatives (R or Ar-2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydroquinazolin-5(1H)-one), via of the reaction from cyclohexane-1,3-dione with aldehyde derivatives and guanidinehydrochlorid. Usingabsolute ethanol as a solvent .This mixture was refluxed for (4 – 6) hrs;While maintaining the pH at 6. The same derivatives of pyrimidine were prepared in microwave waytechnique.The prepared compounds were characterized by melting point , FT-IR , UV-Vis 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy.

Using thermal evaporation, metal-semiconductor and metal-insulator-semiconductor thin-films were prepared. By using experimental I-V and activation energy measurements, it was determined that barrier height ( ) increases as the thickness of the insulator increases.

Many application programs require knowledge from the user. In such programs, number of problems may occur. Problems related to natural language understanding such as; typos, duplication, similarity, and inconsistent knowledge. So, the analysis of text is very important in such programs. A previous work was done to solve problems of natural language understanding. That work build Arabic analyzer and merge it with a shell hybrid system. This work attempts to build a general Arabic Analyzer system, so that it could be merged with other programs to solve the natural language understanding problems. This work attempts to correct the previous Arabic analyzer, so its dictionary will be smaller. Morphology in this work merges root-based with stem-based approach. This merging forces this work because it gains the advantages of the two approaches. Root-based approach gives the advantage of smaller size. Stem-based approach gives the advantage of passing the problem of irregular cases. This work is compared with other two valued techniques. Results of the comparison show that this work has a lot of advantages over the previous techniques.