Journal of Al-Farabi for Humanity Sciences (JFHS)

The research dealt with the impossible regarding the prophets by presenting the positions of Mullah Ali Al-Qari in his book “Marqat Al-Mufafit”, which is an explanation of the book “The Niche of Lights”. The research is concerned with glorifying the prophets and warning against revisionism in their favor. As this incident is linked to belief in the prophets, which has remained one of the pillars of faith, the problem set is to investigate the challenges facing the issue of the integrity of the prophets, as a result of young people being raised about their silence from time to time, in addition to texts that may give the illusion of deficiency occurring in their right. These are problems that require careful study and treatment. The research aims to strengthen the doctrine of the purity of the prophets from denial, criticism, and ignorance of what is wrong with them. It also seeks to protect thought from false beliefs about them. The researher follwed the descriptve and analytical mathod in collecting, studying and discussing these impossibilities, including analyzing the positions of Mullah Ali Al-Qari and presenting them to the opinions of investigators in the science of doctrines, so that the researcher came to the conclusion that the prophets are free from shortcomings and defects, and everything that does not befit their positions, which makes them represent the highest levels of human perfection. A role model to follow.Keywords: Impossibilities - Continental – prophets - Infallibility.

 Abstract
This research titled: Manifestations of the advancement of societies in the Holy Quran: an analytical study to explain the concept of advancement linguistically and idiomatically, freedom and equality in the Holy Quran, working for the benefit of society, intellectual compatibility, and social justice. The research reached many results, the most important of which are: Social advancement: everything that achieves human welfare, and proceeds according to the divine law, Freedom and equality are among the most important aspects of the advancement of societies, and they are among the most important principles established by the Holy Quran, The Holy Quran pays great attention to social justice, which is the cornerstone of social advancement, The research also recommended many recommendations, including: Interest in studying social advancement in all its aspects in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah. Highlighting how the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - achieved social advancement of the societies of Mecca and Medina.Key words: social advancement

Summary:
It is known that there are types of interpretation, some of which are characterized by the transmitted, some by opinion, some by language, some by eloquence, some by rulings, and some by other things. We can hardly find an interpretation that includes all aspects related to interpretation, and therefore the books of interpretation complement each other, and some take over the necks of others. We study the interpretation of rulings, which means what is mentioned in the Holy Quran - as it is the first source of Islamic legislation and upon which it is relied - of the Quranic verses that include commands, prohibitions, and jurisprudential issues, such as the verse of the permissibility of selling and the prohibition of usury, the verse of debt, the verse of mortgage, the verses prohibiting drinking alcohol, adultery, and slander, the verse that explains the obligations of ablution, the permissibility of dry ablution when its condition is met, and other verses that include a legal ruling in their text, or by their implication, or by their context. We have taken the interpretation of Sheikh Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni, which is one of the most famous and beneficial interpretations. It is easy, in a contemporary language, and comprehensive. The Sheikh took care of it and covered it comprehensively. He begins by interpreting the verse verbally, then in general, then in grammar, then in readings, then he explains the ruling in detail and gives preference, and he often gives preference to the opinion of the majority of jurists.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and may blessings and peace be upon the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers, our master and beloved Muhammad, and upon all his family and companions.. and after.. The topic (narrations of the follower Ayman al-Habashi in the Two Sahihs - study and analysis) is one of the topics that must be studied because he is one of the individual followers for whom only Imam al-Bukhari - may God have mercy on him - produced several hadiths. Likewise, the follower Ayman al-Habashi did not narrate from him except his son Abdul The one.The research plan was limited to the following topics The first section: It dealt with: the personal and academic life of the follower Ayman al-Habashi. It includes two topics:The first requirement: The personal life of the follower Ayman Al-Habashi.The second requirement: The scientific life of the follower Ayman al-Habashi.As for the second section: I discussed: the narrations of the follower Ayman al-Habashi in the two Sahihs.Then we concluded the research with the most important results Keywords: Narratives, Ayman Al-Bukhari, study and analysis:

Abstract
The Islamic Da'wah in Iraqi rural areas face significant challenges due to geographical and social factors that hinder the dissemination of Da'wah messages to these regions. Amidst the rapid technological development, digital technology emerges as a powerful tool that can help overcome these challenges and enhance the spread of Islamic values in rural communities. This research aims to study the role of digital technology in spreading the values of Islamic Da'wah in Iraqi rural areas, focusing on the challenges faced in this process and possible solutions. The importance of this research lies in providing a comprehensive vision of how to utilize digital technology to enhance Islamic Da'wah in rural areas, where these regions suffer from a lack of traditional Da'wah resources. The research offers a framework for analyzing existing gaps and proposing innovative solutions to effectively leverage digital technology, thereby contributing to the promotion of Islamic values and achieving religious and social balance in rural areas. The research problem revolves around how to effectively use digital technology to spread the values of Islamic Da'wah in Iraqi rural areas, in light of significant challenges such as the lack of technological infrastructure, limited technological awareness, and the social and cultural obstacles that may limit the impact of these tools. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to study the impact of digital technology on the dissemination of Islamic Da'wah in Iraqi rural areas.
Keywords: Da'wah, modern technologies, rural areas, villages, Iraq.

Reform has become the concern of most reformers and scholars in the modern era, equally with the developments of science and its keeping pace with the religious approach. Modern thinkers have taken it upon themselves to reform society and religious thought and rid it of the legal violations that have befallen it. An example of this is Mahmoud Shukri Al-Alusi, who played a major role in reforming contemporary Islamic religious thought and the intellectual, religious and human heritage he left behind through his writings. Many scholars and jurists were his disciples, who completed his reformist path in a way that pushes Islamic society forward by adhering to the doctrine of the righteous predecessors and keeping pace with life developments on the other hand. The study was based on clarifying his role in fighting heresies and calling for a return to the Islamic approach. The study followed his opinions through the descriptive analytical method. The study attempted to clarify some of the reformist points in his renewal thought and concluded with an important result that reform in society by reformers such as Mahmoud Shukri Al-Alusi must be achieved through diligent effort and sincerity in Guidance. Keywords: Reform – Islamic thought – Al-Alusi – Intellectual heritage- The righteous predecessors

Abstract:
The aim of researching this issue is because in the era of globalization in which we live, there are no clear boundaries left for the Muslim market, and the markets are filled with various kinds of goods imported from western countries. Among these commodities is meat. These imported meats have become popular in many Islamic regions, as they are a general issue that many Muslims may be afflicted with. Or on the other hand, frequent travel to Christian countries for tourism, study, immigration, or otherwise, so the Muslim who is afflicted with this meat must know its legal ruling.key words : the rule of sacrifices ، People of the Book ،Jurisprudence on the five schools of thought

Summary:
Proving the crescent of Ramadan by sighting and the disagreement of jurists with astronomy is an old matter, renewed on every occasion, especially in the months of Ramadan and Shawwal. Articles and fatwas are written and opinions differ, between those who support astronomy and those who reject it and are not satisfied with anything except seeing it with the naked eye, considering that Muslims in the past dealt with sighting it with the naked eye, but this dealing is because they do not have the tools of modern astronomy; there is no doubt that the Arabs before Islam and in the early days of Islam did not know astronomical sciences with definitive scientific knowledge. They were an illiterate nation, they did not write or calculate, and whoever among them was aware of something of that only knew principles or shells, he knew it by observation and tracking, or by hearing and news, it was not built on mathematical rules, nor on definitive proofs that go back to certain initial premises, and therefore the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, made the reference for proving the month in their worship to the definitive, observable matter that is within the capacity of each one of them, or within the capacity of most of them. It is seeing the crescent moon with the naked eye, as this is more accurate and precise for the timings of their rituals and worship, and it is what they can reach with certainty and confidence, and Allah does not burden a soul beyond its capacity. But now science has developed and it has become one of the necessary objectives to unify the Islamic countries through fasting. Keywords: Fasting, Ramadan, Crescent, Certainty.

Supplication (du'a) is one of the important acts of worship, significant for both alleviating affliction and seeking God's help in fulfilling one's needs. Allah encourages Muslims in His exalted Book to engage in supplication and not abandon it, as mentioned in the verse: "And your Lord says, 'Call upon Me; I will respond to you'" (Ghafir: 60), along with other verses urging supplication. There is no specific grammatical style for du'a; rather, it can be expressed through multiple grammatical constructions, all aiming to convey the essence of supplication. In this research, we explore the grammatical styles associated with the meaning of du'a, selecting examples for each style. We demonstrate forms such as the imperative (افعل) and the prohibitive …
Imperative style, Prohibitive style, Grammatical styles, Supplication (or Prayer

Abstract:
I tried to study the verbs, active, passive, active, passive, active, passive and passive. It studies for the sake of the cause. The study of verbs from its morphological aspect is on its side as it helps those claiming to facilitate Arabic grammar to proceed with sound foundations that preserve the entity of Arabic grammar and its ancient origins derived from the Holy Qur’an.

Abstract :
The exchange between formulas is a broad door in Arabic, as the speaker has taken several paths to diversify his speech styles, from replacing the word in the sentence with another in a way that does not appear to be required, because the speaker looks at words as molds in which he pours whatever meanings he wants, provided that he does not deviate from what the addressee understands, and the origin of linguistic expression is that speech requires conformity in description, so if the speaker changes from one word to another in a way that does not appear to be required, it is a departure from the origin, so the Quranic expression possesses extreme precision, and the intention in choosing words in their appropriate place, and what was observed in the Holy Quran, especially in the Surahs of Ta-Seen, is that the formulas exchange with each other to suit the context or situation, so we carried that to know the secret of the structures of the Quranic sentence, so our study came to reveal the structures of the sentence and clarify the rhetorical touch resulting from choosing these formulas without others.
Keywords: exchange, between formulas, Taseen, contextual significance.

abstract
This study explores the role of Islamic banks as a crucial component of the modern financial system. Islamic banks have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their vital role in supporting economic activity and achieving sustainable economic development. These institutions stand out by offering financing solutions that comply with Islamic law (Sharia), giving them a competitive edge over traditional banks that rely on conventional financing methods.The study aims to analyze the importance of Islamic banks in fostering the growth of various economic sectors such as trade, housing, and industries, as well as to evaluate the methods they employ in risk assessment and management for financing projects. The paper will focus on how to enhance the role of Islamic banks in achieving economic development goals, while also addressing the challenges and opportunities they face in this regard

Abstract:
The poet Al-Sayyab is a poet deeply attached to nature, and perhaps his love for his village (Jikur) and his influence by the magic of its beauty is the main factor that generated in him a passion for nature with all the elements it contains, which formed a fertile and inexhaustible source for his poetic images, meanings and words from which he began to weave his poems, and with which he expressed his supplication for its It affected the recipient with various meanings, which was reflected in his various poetic meanings, which contributed to the manifestation of his romanticism, which was clearly defined in his poetry by immersing him in his love of nature to the point of identification with it and unity.Badr Shakir al-Sayyab expressed the beauty and magnificence of nature through the use of rich imagery and vocabulary. His realistic and sensitive depiction of nature captivates the reader, evoking a sense of wonder and admiration for his descriptions. Keywords: (aesthetics, nature, beauty)

Abstract
The textual study is one of the modern linguistic studies that was built on going beyond the paths of the sentence as the major linguistic unit in the language to study the text, and the textual study was appropriate to choose the topic of succession related to the succession of temporal and spatial circumstances in a modern poetic text, and the field of application was chosen on Nazik Al-Malaika's poetry for two reasons:First: The abundance of the phenomenon of succession of temporal and spatial circumstances in her poetry, after I investigated the positions in her collection Second: This topic was characterized by novelty and innovation, and few researchers have ventured into researching it Keywords: Succession - Circumstances – Reference-Text - Nazik Al-Malaika

Abstract
This research aims to clavify the critical remembrance of its religions, as it is carried out with a unique mentality and body knowledge, based knowledge of piety and Leaning towards the purpose of clarifying the judgion opinions or evidence when discussing and analyzing them. Vegarding right and wrong, quality and badness, goodness and ugliness, vight and avviving at the optimal opinion in this field.
Keyword: Gramatical, AL-Dabbagh, Al-Tuhafan

ABSTRACT
These contributions have woven the threads of jurisprudence with the fragrance of balance, and made the principles of Sharia a guide and guide, and crossed us from the ways of ambiguity to the horizons of understanding and enlightenment.It is imperative for the Muslim researcher to be proud of his scholars and open the books of history and browse the papers of science, and conclude how the scholars presented brightenings and economic models and others that highlight that the light and justice in the jurisprudence of Sharia is the increase and helper, and it is our duty to review and research the valuable contributions made by these scholars, and how they contributed to the formulation of economic theories characterized by justice and moderation, and based on the principles of Sharia and its directives. Traditional visions and modern data prove their legal imprint, eventually showing them a solid fabric of economic knowledge based on Islamic values and principles.In this brief research, we will reveal some of the Sharia scholars in economic construction, and address with research and analysis tools how these contributions affect contemporary economic systems, and Muslim scholars have contributed to economics, and formed an important basis for the development of the global economy. Among the most prominent of these contributions.
1. Trade and Finance: Muslims have established many financial and commercial practices that have affected the global economy such as the development of the banking system, sukuk and remittances, and financial contracts such as Musharaka and Murabaha contracts and others, and these tools contributed to facilitating international trade and enhancing confidence between traders of different cultures.
2. Agriculture: The Islamic world has played a major role in the development of agriculture through the dissemination of agricultural techniques such as irrigation, drainage and improved types of crops. This knowledge was also transmitted to Europe through cultural and commercial interaction, contributing to improved agricultural productivity in the Middle Ages.
3. Science and Knowledge: Muslim scientists contributed to the preservation and development of scientific and philosophical knowledge that was essential for the growth of the economy. They translated many classical texts from Greek, Persian and Hindi, adding important commentaries and annotations to them. This knowledge later passed on to Europe and contributed to the Renaissance.
4. Cities and Trade: Muslims established cities that served as prosperous trading centers such as Baghdad, Cordoba and Cairo, where these cities were a crossroads of major trade routes, which helped in the exchange of goods and ideas across continents.
5. Economic jurisprudence: Muslim jurists have developed economic principles based on Islamic law, such as the principle of justice in prices, the prohibition of monopoly and the prohibition of usury, and these principles aim to achieve social and economic justice, concepts that still affect some modern economic systems, and this is the tip of the iceberg, and if the sources of Muslims were not stolen, and did not burn and sink through the ages, humanity could have benefited more from the rich scientific and cultural heritage provided by Muslim scientists.
KEY WORDS (Contributions , Knowledge Fingerprints , Precedence , Economic Theories , Economic Laws , Islamic Economy
المقدمة:

Abstract
Economic policies are considered one of the important topics that require in-depth study because they have a vital impact on economic activity. Islamic economic policy is a branch of economics that is concerned with studying the procedures and objectives set by the state or economic establishment to manage economic activity. Commercial policy in Islam is also considered one of the activities of the Islamic economy whose foundation is drawn from the Holy Qur’an, the purified Sunnah of the Prophet, and the data of Islamic jurisprudence that has been absorbed and what It continues to accommodate new economic and social variables, and this activity is like other Islamic economic activities.Therefore, I chose to study (commercial policy in the Islamic economy) to present a picture of economic policy as Islam sees it, by studying the concept of trade policy, its means and foundations, and studying the short- and long-term goals of commercial policy and its means. 1- Economic policy 2- Trade policy 3- Islamic economics

This research addresses the topic of documentary credits in Islamic banks, which is a significant aspect of international trade and Islamic finance. The aim of the study is to explore the concept of documentary credits and how to adapt them to the principles of Islamic law, in addition to comparing their practices in Islamic banks with those used in conventional banks In the first section, the research defines documentary credits and explains how they can be adapted according to Islamic standards, contributing to the understanding of the fundamental differences between the two banking systems. The second section focuses on the implementation of these credits in Islamic banks, discussing the legal rulings related to compensation for these transactions This research represents an important step toward enhancing knowledge of documentary credits within the framework of Islamic banks, thereby contributing to the development of this field in alignment with Islamic values and principles

Abstract:
My research entitled: (Banu Abbad in Seville) came because of the clear and distinctive impact of Banu Abbad in Andalusia during the fifth century AH, and explaining its role and the role of the most important kingdoms that ruled Andalusia, which are called the Taifa Kingdoms, and knowing the reasons for the establishment of these states or kingdoms. The research also dealt with the most important Taifa kings, and what are the most prominent effects they left behind in the country? And how did Andalusia flourish during their reign? The researcher touched on the most important judicial systems that prevailed in the country during the reign of Banu Abbad, as well as talking about the most prominent aspects of civilizational and urban development such as building mosques and palaces, and dealt with social life, as Andalusian society consisted of several human elements, during the rule of Banu Abbad, such as Arabs, Berbers and Jews. What are the most prominent class structures that prevailed in Andalusian society? Which is based on a racist ethnic basis, distinguishing between them based on colour, skin and money, as is the case with the issue of slavery and slaves and how they are treated, and the situation of the aristocratic class with strong influence in the country, as it is considered one of the richest and most affluent classes in Andalusian society

The Ottoman Empire was suffering from international pressures and ambitions in its lands by major European countries such as Russia, Britain and France; therefore, the Ottoman Empire sought to establish relations with Prussia (before German unification), especially after Germany showed its sympathy with the crises of the Ottoman Empire at the Berlin Conference in 1878. The study aimed to shed light on the impact of projects in the Ottoman Empire and the development of relations between the two sides during the period of the research topic. The beginning of the Ottoman-German rapprochement appeared clearly in the field of exchanging military expertise in training the Ottoman army, then this was followed by addressing the impact of the Ottoman Empire's projects in the Arab countries on Ottoman-German relations 1761-1896. The study showed that the Ottoman and German sides had their reasons for concluding this friendship. Germany saw the lands of the Ottoman Empire as a fertile field for establishing its civilizational projects, which were represented in establishing a railway network between Germany and the Ottoman regions, benefiting from its various regions, and competing with the great powers at the time for oil, such as Britain and France.
Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Germany, projects, oil, Winkhaus

Abstract
The economic power structure of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia witnessed significant growth during the period (2010-2021), and this growth was reflected in the country's status and economic strength, as the Kingdom worked to allocate funds to develop the economic structure through diversifying the economic base to drive the development process illustrated by economic indicators. In this field, the Kingdom issued many measures aimed at diversifying the economic structure to achieve its geopolitical goals.
Keywords: Indicators, structure, economic power, geopolitical.

Abstract:
The study was represented in revealing the geomorphological forms of the eastern Maysan region between Rashida and Al-Khaziynah regions using space data and geographic information systems, as it is located between the circles (50 31 - 27 32) north and the longitudes (45 46 - 50 47) east with an area of (4566.8) km2. There are many geomorphological forms in the region that have been classified based on their shapes and the processes that contributed to their emergence.The geomorphological forms of structural-erosive origin are distinguished, and are represented by geomorphological forms of erosive origin, geomorphological forms of river origin, and landforms of wind origin. The majority of these geomorphological forms are mostly due to previous natural characteristics represented by (geological structure, surface, climate elements, and water resources) that occurred during the Quaternary period.Especially since these factors were and still are working but not to the same extent as it is believed that their work was stronger during the Pleistocene era.
Keywords (geomorphological forms, natural characteristics, eastern Maysan)

Abstract
The issue of international criminal responsibility is one of the most important topics that sparked a wide jurisprudential debate, especially about the possibility of considering an individual as a person of public international law on an exceptional basis, and thus being held criminally accountable for the crimes he commits. However, in the light of contemporary international law, several developments have taken place that have led to international jurisprudence recognizing individual criminal responsibility, including the development of the concept of state sovereignty in a way that the latter accept the existence of obligations that restrict their actions The interest in the individual and his rights has increased through many international conventions for the protection of the rights and freedoms of individuals, and therefore it is logical that as long as we have recognized the individual’s rights, we must make him obligations that he must respect, and he must also bear the burden of violating those obligations, then it is with global technological developments The crimes committed have become more ferocious and more numerous in terms of killing and destruction.

Abstract
All sciences have witnessed great development in their fields of specialization, and one of the sciences that has accompanied this development is geography, whether in the natural or human aspect, which is the focus of study. It has witnessed great development, the effects of which were reflected in practical and scientific life, which is evident in the diversity of precise geographical specializations, in the natural and human fields, and in methods. What pushed the science of geography to this development is a group of artificial intelligence applications, Which contributed to moving geography from description to application, and modern tools, equipment, techniques and methods have played an effective role in the development of geographical scientific research, and this is an indicator of geography’s keeping pace with scientific and technological developments that the world is witnessing. In light of the development witnessed in methods and tools that have greatly helped in various geographical fields, starting with the use of computers and passing through the quantitative revolution and statistical analysis, as well as the use of geographic information systems programs and satellite images,Ending with the information revolution and the use of artificial intelligence in solving complex problems, presenting powerful ideas, and developing successful solutions, the science of geography has witnessed great development in its branches. In this research, one of the branches of geography, which is human geography, was addressed in order to shed light on the role of artificial intelligence in the development of human geography, as it was shown that Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, progress has begun in the science of artificial intelligence, as interactive robots have become available to everyone.There are robots that perform difficult tasks, such as interacting with different emotions through facial expressions, which carry out the task of searching and exploring in remote places. Artificial intelligence has played an increasing role in developing and studying human geography, Combining technological analysis with geographic data to better understand human interactions and place, artificial intelligence enhances the ability of human geography to explore and analyze complex interactions between humans and place, providing insights that support policies and improve the lives of human communities.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, robots, smart maps, forecasting, surveys

Summary
The current research has shown that the concentrations of petroleum materials in the waters and sediments of the Shatt al-Arab stream in Basra District have recorded locational variations from one station to another depending on the influence of some geographical factors represented by drainage, tides, temperatures, falling rain, irrigation channels, and drains that branch off from the Shatt al-Arab stream. In general, the research showed a high percentage For petroleum materials in bottom sediments compared to their presence in the water mass, for both winter and summer seasons. The concentrations of materials also witnessed differences in location, as their values increased in some stations, such as the second station, due to its proximity to the Jubaila Canal, and the fifth station, due to its proximity to the Al-Ashar Canal, due to the waste of boats and boats, oil spills, and the throwing of garbage and waste into the Shatt al-Arab through the canals and dumps, which became a waste dump, all of which are connected to the Shatt al-Arab stream. Arabs and the high proportion of the population in general. The concentrations of petroleum materials in the stations studied also witnessed seasonal variations, as their percentage increased during the winter season compared to the dry season in water and sediments. The reason is that bacteria break down petroleum materials in a high temperature range (40) degrees Celsius, where the light compounds evaporate and volatilize. Low temperature reduces the activity of petroleum-degrading organisms. For this reason, their values increased during the winter despite the small amounts of rainfall and the lack of drainage

Abstract
The aim of the research is to reveal the trend of Iraqi electronic newspaper websites.In covering the Israeli aggression on Lebanon according to the impact on local public opinion, in addition to other sub-objectives related to the research questions, the research is considered a descriptive research, relying on the survey method and the content analysis tool for the materials published on the websites of Al-Mada and Al-Dustour newspapers, amounting to (233) content for the two newspapers, and the comprehensive inventory method was adopted for them, and one of the most prominent results was represented in Al-Mada newspaper’s interest in military developments and offensive operations, while Al-Dustour newspaper tended to pay attention to the positions of neighboring countries Iran and Syria towards the aggression

The goal of this research is to identify the impact of new media technology on the development of journalistic work in Saladin Governorate، as well as the production of journalistic content from the point of view of a journalist in Saladin Governorate / Iraq. The research sought to identify the most important new media technology used by the governorate’s journalist in producing journalistic content and to identify the most important The obstacles facing their entry into the field of digital production by employing new media technology، in addition to defining the new roles for journalists in light of the digital transformation of journalism، by conducting field research using a purposive sample that included 110 male and female journalists in Salah al-Din Governorate who belong to the Iraqi Journalists Syndicate and actually work in the field of journalism. The most important results of the research were summarized in the fact that most journalists in Salah al-Din Governorate use social networking sites to publish their journalistic content، as the number of those publishing there reached 65.454%. The researcher also concluded that most Salah al-Din journalists tend to work in digital media، at a rate of 76.363% of them. The researcher indicated that the rate of journalists’ use of new media technology in producing journalistic content is considered high، reaching 77.272%، and this is a positive indicator of the trend of journalists in the governorate in adopting modern technology in producing journalistic content. The research concluded that press institutions in the governorate need، in the process of producing digital content، to Specialized work teams in the newspaper، in addition to the need to establish special departments within press institutions specialized in producing digital content based on new media technology.
Keywords: new media technology - content creation - journalist - Salah al-Din Governorate

The current research aims to explore the impact of the structured organizer strategy on the academic achievement of sixth-grade female students in social studies. To investigate this, the researcher employed a quasi-experimental design with two groups: an experimental group and a control group.The chosen school for the study was a government-run girls' middle and high school in Baqubah, Diyala Governorate, Iraq. The research focused on the second semester of the academic year 2023-2024. Using simple random sampling, the researcher selected one class from the middle school section, which consisted of four sections for the first-grade students. The selected class (Group A) represented the experimental group, where social studies was taught using the structured organizer strategy. Another class (Group B) was randomly chosen to serve as the control group, where social studies was taught using the conventional method. The total sample size was 75 students, with 35 students in the experimental group and 35 students in the control group after excluding some participants.The researcher ensured equivalence between the two groups by considering variables such as parental education, students' age (measured in months), previous academic performance in social studies (for the academic year 2022-2023), and intelligence test scores.
During the second semester of the academic year 2023-2024, the researcher implemented the experiment. An achievement test consisting of 40 objective items was developed, covering three levels of Bloom's taxonomy: knowledge, comprehension, and application. The researcher assessed the face validity and content validity of the test and calculated psychometric properties such as difficulty index, discrimination power, and effectiveness of incorrect alternatives.The results revealed a statistically significant difference (at the 0.005 level) between the average scores of students in the experimental group (taught using the structured organizer strategy) and those in the control group (taught using the conventional method) in the post-test. The experimental group outperformed the control group in the achievement test. Based on these findings, the researcher drew conclusions and provided recommendations for future practice².

The current research aims to identify( the effect of the Al-Hakim circle strategy in developing deductive thinking among second grade Intermediate school Students in social studies) To achieve the goal of the research, an experimental design with partial control was adopted. The research population was determined by female students in the second intermediate grade of intermediate and secondary government day teachers in the Diyala Education Directorate of Baqubah District the academic year ( 2023- 2024 (Al-Adibah Girls’ Secondary School) was intentionally chosen to conduct the experiment, and a book to facilitate the task was obtained, and by simple random drawing, two classes from the second middle school were chosen to represent the group (experimental and control) The research sample was (56) female students. The experimental group studied using the Hakim Circle strategy, and the control group studied using the usual method. The researcher established parity between the two groups in variables that included (the parents’ academic achievement, the chronological age of the female students calculated in months, the history subject grades for previoues year, and Nabhan intelligence scores) and the researcher used the deductive thinking test prepared by (Al-Nadawi, 2014) by applying it before and after, and After analyzing it statistically and ensuring it reliability, it was applied to the research sample, and using the statistical analysis package (spss) in processing the data, the results showed. There is a statistically significant difference between the average scores of female students in the experimental and control research groups a significance level (0.05) in the post-deductive thinking test in favor of the experimental group that studied the history subject according to the strategy of Al-Hakim’s Circle. Keywords: Hakim circle strategy, deductive thinking .

The aim of the research is to knowledge "the effect of two proposed Strategies According to a Education Anchors in design thinking and Mental Rotation Of Intermediate School Students in Mathematics " To match with the aim of the research, the two researchers have used the experimental method and the experimental design of three separated groups. Then the groups have been paralleled in some Changings. The total sample includes (101) students: (34) in the first experimental group, (33) in the second experimental group and (34) in the Controller group in Al Harith Intermediate School for bays in 2023- 2024. The two proposed strategies have been used in teaching the two groups respectively and the Controller group has been taught in the usual way. After that, two tests have been designed for the design thinking and the Mental rotation which included (20) Paragraphs and (18) paragraphs respectively, Then the groups have been tested. The results show that the first experimental group has beaten the second and the Controller, and the second group has beaten the Controller group. The Spss program has been used to Show the data and they were good.Keywords: Education Anchors, design thinking, Mental Rotation.

Abstract
The research aims to identify the effect of the Davis model in developing generative thinking among fifth grade students in philosophy and psychology.The researcher adopted an experimental design with partial control for two groups, experimental and control, in the post-test of generative thinking. The research sample consisted of two groups. The first was the experimental group, which was represented by Division (B), which would teach the subject of philosophy and psychology according to the Davis model, with (29) students, while Division (A) represented the control group, which would teach the same subject according to the usual method, with (29) students. (27) A student in Al-Qabas Secondary School for Boys affiliated with the General Directorate of Salah al-Din Education - Department of Science Education. The researcher conducted parity between the students of the two research groups in the following variables: (intelligence test, chronological age calculated in months, academic level of fathers, academic level of mothers, average of the previous year ,) The researcher adopted the generative thinking test, and the test in its final form consisted of (20) items. The researcher verified its validity, reliability, and discrimination. After the end of the experiment, the researcher applied the post-test for generative thinking.

The aim of the current research is to demonstrate the use of "the Gardens of Thoughts Strategy in developing lateral thinking and academic achievement among middle school students in the subject of the Holy Quran and Islamic Education". The researcher used the experimental method in teaching. The research sample consisted of (49) students, (25) students in the experimental group that studied using the "Gardens of Thoughts Strategy" and (24) students in the control group that studied in the usual way. To achieve the aim of the research, two tests were prepared, one for academic achievement and the other to measure lateral thinking skills, a post-achievement test consisting of (30) paragraphs. The results of the research showed that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in the two tests. The researcher recommended the necessity of including such strategies in teaching the subject of the Holy Quran and Islamic Education. Keywords (gardens of ideas, achievement, lateral thinking)

The current research aims to identify "the effect of the action research approach on the achievement of second-grade intermediate students in social studies" by testing the following null hypothesis: "There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0,05 ) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study social studies according to the action research approach and the average scores of the control group students who study the same subject according to the traditional method in the post-achievement test.To achieve the research objective, the researcher adopted a quasi-experimental design with an experimental group, a control group, and a post-achievement test. The researchers randomly selected "Al-Mujtahidun Intermediate School for Boys," affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Diyala, to represent the sample for the current research. The school consisted of four sections, and by simple random sampling, Section (D) represented the experimental group, which included (38) students who studied according to the action research approach, while Section (C) represented the control group, which included (40) students who studied according to the traditional method.The researchers ensured the equivalence between the research groups by controlling the following variables: (social studies grades in the final exam of the previous academic year (2022-2023), students' age, parents' educational attainment, and IQ test scores )The researchers formulated (154) behavioral objectives and prepared (33) daily teaching plans for both groups. They also developed an achievement test consisting of (40) items distributed across the first three levels of Bloom's cognitive domain. After verifying its validity and reliability using the split-half method, it was administered to the research sample. The researchers used the T-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the Spearman-Brown formula. After statistically analyzing the data, the results showed that the experimental group students, who were taught according to the action research approach, outperformed the control group students, who were taught using the traditional method in the post-achievement test.In light of the research results, the researchers drew some conclusions and provided a set of recommendations and suggestions.In light of the results of the research, the researchers came up with some conclusions, including: The results showed that the approach to action research increased the effectiveness and enthusiasm of students within the classroom towards study and their positive interaction and cooperation among them, which was reflected in raising their academic level. Accordingly, the researchers made several recommendations, including: Introducing social studies teachers to the approach to action research, its steps, and its importance.How to apply it in school education and some suggestions, including: Conducting a study to determine the effect of the action research approach on other dependent variables, such as open thinking, productive thinking, motivation toward learning, and other variables. Keywords:, The effect of the action research approach,

Abstract
The aim of the research is to reveal the most important reasons for the low success rates of sixth grade primary school students in mathematics from the point of view of their teachers within the Baghdad Karkh II Education Directorate for the year (2023-2024). The researcher used the qualitative approach in his study to suit the nature of the research, and the research community consisted of mathematics teachers in primary schools affiliated with the Baghdad Karkh II Education Directorate. A simple sample was randomly selected, with a total number of (143) male and female teachers. The researcher also distributed an open question to the targeted research sample, based on honesty and reliability to collect and analyze research data to reach the research results. The results showed; The most prominent of these are the difficulty of the curriculum, the density of the curriculum with information, and the study periods are not sufficient to deliver information in the subject to the student, in an excellent way, compared to the amount of information in the books, and that the questions of the ministerial mathematics subject are not comprehensive of the topics of the curriculum, and the teachers also pointed out a defect in the correction process of the examination notebooks in the examination and audit center, the speed and haste in the examination and audit, as well as the lack of a mathematics supervisor in the examination and audit center, to follow up the correction process, as well as not choosing teachers with distinction and creativity in teaching mathematics to carry out the examination and audit process, and the shortage of educational staff in the school, especially mathematics specialization, and the increase in the mathematics teacher's quota of daily and weekly lessons, as the research recommended recommendations, the most prominent of which are: re-writing the curriculum books for mathematics, addressing the defect in the examination and audit center for primary education, studying and analyzing the ministerial questions related to mathematics, and amending the career ladder law to raise the standard of living for the teacher to be creative in educational giving, and among the most important proposals that the research came up with is conducting a study that addresses the motives that lead to raising the success rates in other variables and stages Different study.
Keywords Reasons for the decline, success rates, sixth grade students, mathematics

hadafat aldirasat 'iilaa altaearuf ealaa mumarasat muealimat allughat alearabiat limaharat altafkir alnaaqid min wajh nazarihim wamutabaeat aitibae altabaqat alwasfiat almashiat wabalagh eadad talamidh aleayina (30) mudarisan wamadrasatan wabiwaqie (15) mudarisat wa(15) madrasatan khasatan bi'adaat albahth aistibanatan bimaharat watahlil wamutabaeat alquraa' lilaintaj wataqdim wazaharat alnatayij darajat alhararat almurtafieat fi majal altafsir waltahlil walmutawasit fi almajalat al'ukhraa darjuh althaqafat aljamieia
Keywords (practice_language_skills_thinking_method)

The phenomenon of marriage for minors is a cultural, social and economic problem that exists as a result of many factors, some of which are related to the minor's family and social circumstances, the circumstances of countries, their ideology and their various economies. Protecting minors from marriage is an urgent necessity to prevent them from being exposed to danger or suffering from the negative effects of this marriage, which may be in the form of physical or psychological disabilities or behavioral deviations in various forms, which are considered deviations according to modern legislation. Providing legal protection for minors from sexual exploitation is a form of protection for society, and merely approving the rights of minors is meaningless unless accompanied by legal texts that protect these rights and protect them from exploitation. These texts must achieve general deterrence for aggressors to ensure that minors enjoy the exercise of all their human rights without fear or apprehension. as TD iscuss Search The impact of sexual exploitation on minors, whether physically, psychologically or socially, and explains its serious repercussions that affect their lives. Charges And their future.Keywords: Child marriage, sexual exploitation.
المقدمة

Abstract
The Constitution is the supreme document, as it protects the basic rights of the individual and society, which must be respected by the three authorities in the State. It includes legal principles related to the form and system of government and regulates the authorities. The principle of the supremacy of the Constitution requires that it have a primary place in relation to all other state legislation, and all institutions must The ruling is to respect its texts, adhere to its limits, and act within the scope it has set. This principle only prevails in democratic systems. However, it may happen that, for various reasons, the constitutional document is exposed to the suspension of its texts, such as suspending the provisions of the position of the President of the Republic, which is considered one of the positions of great importance within the constitutional institutions, as happened. In the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005, some provisions of the Constitution were postponed to the next parliamentary sessions, and they were replaced by a Council for the Presidency of the State. In order to avoid this, there must be guarantees that guarantee compliance with the provisions of the Constitutional Document and not suspend them.Keywords: President of the Republic, Iraq, Constitution

Abstract
International humanitarian law is one of the fundamental branches of public international law, aimed at regulating armed conflicts and protecting individuals who do not participate or have ceased to participate in hostilities, particularly civilians. This law provides a set of principles and rules that oblige warring parties to protect civilians from direct targeting, avoid excessive harm, and ensure access to humanitarian aid. However, the implementation of international humanitarian law faces significant challenges in modern armed conflicts due to the complexity of the parties involved, the increasing use of unconventional warfare methods, and frequent violations of this law. This research aims to examine the role of international humanitarian law in protecting civilians and analyze the challenges hindering its application, while offering recommendations to enhance its effectiveness in contemporary armed conflicts.Keywords: International humanitarian law, Civilian protection, Armed conflicts, Law violations.

Abstract
This study addressed the issue of amnesty in international courts through three sections. In the first section, we addressed amnesty in the Sierra Leone Court through its formation, the circumstances that accompanied its formation, and the parties that initiated its formation, as well as the court’s opinion on amnesty and whether it issued amnesty to some defendants and not others. Then, we addressed the Cambodian Court in the second section and studied the stages of its formation and its parties, and whether an amnesty was issued or not. We concluded our study in the third section, which addressed the formation of the East Timor Court, how it was established, the stages of its establishment, whether an amnesty was issued or not, and whether it was affected by political pressures in issuing the amnesty or not.

Abstract
The issue of withdrawing confidence from the Prime Minister or one of the ministers is one of the important forms of the House of Representatives’ oversight of the government, whether it is the Prime Minister or one of the ministers. The issue of withdrawing confidence is achieved based on the request of the President of the Republic or members of the House of Representatives after the conditions stipulated in the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 and the Internal Regulations of the House of Representatives No. (1) of 2022 are met, which include the priority of the interrogation of the issue of withdrawing confidence, writing the request, and the voting dates in addition to the majority required to issue the decision to withdraw confidence. When these conditions are met, the issue of withdrawing confidence is achieved, which results in collective effects represented by the withdrawal of confidence from the Prime Minister resulting in the resignation of the government, in addition to its continuation in conducting daily business, and individual effects represented by the withdrawal of confidence from the minister being considered resigned from the date of issuance of the decision to withdraw confidenceKeywords: - Withdrawal of confidence, resignation, Prime Minister, ministers, House of Representatives, individual effects, collective effects

Abstract:
Professional secrets and their preservation, the fields that you write, are of great importance in the confidentiality relations of professionals from the important matters in the profession, because partnership with professional secrets, concealing them, his works, his works, my land, the honor of honor and honesty, and that their disclosure leads to the establishment of Social protection prevents protect, maintain, legal prohibition prevents you from securing insurance protection, disclosure, security, security, security, maintain, there was a communication contract attached to its attachments and installed.

Abstract:
Regression analysis is a statistical method widely used in wide areas of life in social, economic and engineering research...etc. because it describes the relationship between variables in the form of an equation to know the relationship between the dependent variable and one or more of the independent variables. The research problem was diagnosed by the presence of extreme values in the data of the dependent variable, and this leads to the inefficiency of the linear regression model estimated using general linear regression due to the failure to meet the conditions for using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method, and the lack of confidence in its estimation and predictive accuracy. The research aimed to use strong quantitative regression on a sample of diabetic patients represented by (100) observation patients and compare it with general linear regression and choose the best model using comparison criteria (Hannan & Quinn, Schwartz Bayesian, Akaike Information) To determine the extent of the influence of independent variables (age, weight, triglycerides) on blood sugar increases, the researcher found the advantage of strong quantitative regression (first and third quartiles) compared to general linear regression because, while general linear regression appeared better than strong quantitative regression (median).

This study devotes itself to examining one of the important pillars in constructing a poetic poem, which is the poetic image. The poetic image is considered one of the important pillars in demonstrating the poetic ability and poetic creativity of the poet, ancient and modern. In addition to being a template for the poet’s thought, perceptions, and ambitions, it is, on the other hand, the poetic field. In which poetic language and poetic imagination combine to give the poem and its poetic images a poetic pleasure for its recipients.The concept of the poetic image and its function preoccupied ancient and modern critics, and research is still ongoing in its field to define its concept and highlight its artistic value. The poetic image, in its general sense, is “a linguistic formation formed by the artist’s imagination with multiple data, of which the tangible world is at the forefront.”
Hence, the poetic image is one of the aspects of poetry that modern criticism and critics have paid attention to. This means that the poetic image is the product of the effectiveness of the imagination and its emotional effects on the poet himself, in addition to the strength of communication between him and the recipient as well. From our interrogation of Hebrew poetry in the field of poetic imagery, it became clear to us that it is rich in poetic images derived from ancient poetry, the Torah, and historical myths. They are a natural result of the Hebrew poet’s culture being imbued with cultural heritage, and this enabled him to draw inspiration from images and meanings and then reconfigure them linguistically in a new formulation appropriate to the perceptions of his environment. And in accordance with the taste of his time.The research presents vivid examples of the poems of the poet, writer, and critic Al-Muj Behar, which he wrote in the year (200-2006), as they numbered (101) poems published in his poetry collection “Thirst for Wells.” The researcher - after tracking and extrapolating the poetry collection - studied and analyzed these poems. And an explanation of the poetic images it contains, which we will shed light on thoroughly in this research.The research included an introduction to the poetic image and the most important foundations that are relied upon in its construction, and an overview of Al-Muj Bihar’s biography, his style, and his literary status. Then we presented examples of rhetorical images, most notably simile and metaphor. It showed us that the most beautiful and best images are those that rely on personification and personification. The conclusions come at the end of the research Keywords: poetic image, rhetorical images, waves, Hebrew poetry

The current research aims to find out the role of learning an additional language on the mental aspect of Individuality. It turns out that learning a foreign language and knowing another culture contributes to developing the cognitive component of the individual. The process of obtaining additional language gives an opportunity to understand other cultures, traditions, morals, norms, awareness, behaviors, evaluations, etc. the outcome of this process will lead to the societal incorporation, people's solidarity, cooperation and integration, the growth of mutual understanding between them. Acquisition additional language, mental aspect of individuality

Extremism is a long-lived negative issue that poses a serious threat to human society. Defining extremism has been a matter of debate for scientists, political authorities and philosophers since there are different definitions of this phenomenon.Poetry is one of the oldest mediums of expression that has been employed as a means to spread love, peace, and unity. Since poetry is a two- edged sword, it has been used as both a catalyst to promote extremism and a weapon to end it.This study aims to explore the positive role of poetry in rejecting extremism ,and fostering tolerance and peace through discussing four anti- extremist poems written by poets of various nationalities, religions and cultures. The poems are (A Great Wagon) by Jalal al Din Rumi, (We Too Shall See) by Faiz Ahmed Faiz, (Identity Card) by Mahmood Darwish, and (Home) by Warsan Shire.
Keywords: extremism, poetry, extremist mentality, tolerance, peace.

Abstract
The paper presents a comprehensive overview of the comparative study in applied linguistics, specifically focusing on the comparison between Arabic and English. The current paper aims to conduct a comparative study, which is recognized as one of the branches of applied linguistics. The comparative method is a contemporary approach in linguistics that examines the teaching of modern languages by comparing two languages from different linguistic families, specifically Arabic and English in this research.This study focuses on identifying similarities and differences between these two languages for educational purposes. By understanding these distinctions, we can predict potential problems and errors that learners may encounter due to the differences in the linguistic systems of Arabic and English.Knowing the similarities and differences between the language from which the translation was made and the language into which it was made enables students to avoid making many mistakes when studying the Arabic language. At the end of the research, we will discuss the common words between the two languages.By highlighting the similarities and differences, this study aims to elucidate the errors that learners might make as a result of these linguistic disparities. This is particularly beneficial for English-speaking learners of Arabic, especially those in translation programs, as it helps them avoid common mistakes arising from the differences in the two languages' systems.Furthermore, understanding the similarities and differences between the source language (Arabic) and the target language (English) equips students with the knowledge to minimize errors during their study of the Arabic language. Finally, the research will conclude with a discussion of common vocabulary shared between Arabic and English, further enriching the learners' understanding of both languages.
Keywords: Comparative approach, Contrastive approach, Sentence system, Common words.