Journal of University of Babylon

The principal obligation which is caused by contract and actually the responsibility of the contractor contract is to get the job done, who has vowed to do, Valmquaol binding to complete the work in accordance with the conditions and specifications agreed upon, as well as in accordance with the conditions Tstjobha workmanship origins and traditions, have the contractor subcontract for the purpose of completing the work with promised subcontractors if the nature of the work contract subject permit and if the subject of the work requires the implementation of the use of a contractor last and work is done by the contractor despite the use of the completion of the work to another contractor, each of these is a contractor in the work of the borders, and be committed Special security in this border is not enough to say the existence of a sub-contractor to conclude a contract Contractor original contractor fled Aa him but must sub-contract and that the contract is linked to the original so that the sub-contractor involved in the implementation of the original contract in whole or in part.
The contract original and subsequent contract Resume shop assume, unity, and that the sub-contractor or sub should be doing on-site intervenes whereby in the implementation of the original contract, which embodies the unity of action as the subcontracting is only a branch of the original contract, as to the extent of ensuring sub-contractor for construction defects, the commitment of the contractor ends subcontractors security once he receives the Contractor original work enables him to study it and figuring out what its defects if hidden defects emerged then be sub-contractor liable only during the period that requires the contract or custom .ually it does not be a sub-contractor directly responsible to the employer, but remains responsible towards the original contractor.

Conditional comments is a linguist style the eloquent statement reflected for purposes of its speaker, the semantic link closely held between the two main pillars: inter condition and inter answer. The link between them is the requirement that the contract tool. We find that among the answer can only be achieved if the clause condition achieved, giving speech associative movement shown by the deep significance according to the structure of the phenomenon.
From this understanding of the Quranic texts in our investigative analytical study came in this research, to prove that there is a correlation based on the conditional suspension of a meeting between the emerging structure (exile, and verb to be exiled ), installation after the fact (even). They uniformed in a single text, and is a common one, is held between them - this conditional linkage - Total United significance of (proof and even), and obtained an indication limited to the assertion of the Union (exile and only) in a single installation.
We have developed for this search. We put a plan in the light of the pictures pattern this comment with your reading condition for Quranic systems apparent, based on the evidence contained Quranic said to her, adequately detailed to her, invoking what sources and references have.
It should be noted that the only pattern to condition style here is a meeting (of proof and even), or Meeting (verb compound ,verb to be and even), who offered him this study. It is a technique salary - sequence duty not change him - the installation of a single head is:

To be sure, any book linguist old is not without references to the old accents that inferred by scientists to gain access to diverse their subjects to prove grammar, language, and this clear because the fact that any language can not be recorded to the mother tongue has included the book express the Koran copper (d 338AH) between inbuilt care composer ancient Arabic dialects, which named it after that term (s) and indicated copper in proving those languages to their owners.
Research has been divided in three levels grabbed in the first search and voice level and which contained an audio presentation of copper issues, includinf slurring and tilt and achive insults and diluted and motor followers and substitution, and presented in the second section level morphological and its issues in morphological balance the Restoration and mitigation either third section in which she stated expression, construction, acts and issues (what) Almhbhh work (not) different grammatical Mice then sealed Find a conclusion which dealt with the most important search results and a list of references and sources God grants success.

The researcher eat term wholesale missing when grammarians and fundamentalists, but grammarians presented the research to the views of the ancients in the sentencein complete as well as modernists, then to the views discussed the significance of this term when ancient and modern critique of these views and finally display the types of whole sale underemployment. The purists have touched on the concept of the study Wholesale missing when fundamentalists and accept the most prominent views in it.

contemporary monetary effort depends to benefit from the various sciences in actively pursued to approach the understanding of the text, has adopted the indicative deliberative approach to approach the poet Talib Abd al-Aziz group tagged (Khasibi). Perhaps the rally Alachariat personal in the group in a distractor was behind the choice of the group and the curriculum subject of study, according deliberative focus Indicative personal Alachariat (pronouns) function on the speaker and addressee in the time to speak and place, as well as Alachariat contextual (time and place conditions) in the time to speak and place also. The study concluded among other results, including: that the poet said of the indicative expressions that I use are widely used in reference to his father Abdul-Aziz as one of the actors on the Abu Fertile, as Mata and merge the same place and biographer / poet. And that the poem self when the poet Talib Abd al-Aziz integrated into the reality and the associated reference and communicative and external Bsyakha, dominated aids indicative function on the similarity of the poet in the social reality and attending actor in the transfer of fact, Vozv a form of storytelling in this accomplished poetic, using the expression indicative that it plain that task

The current research seeks recognition the relationship between the experience meta of mood and social alienation for university students, Thus, the researcher has adopted a scale trait meta mood for (Salovy and colleagues, 1995) And the preparation of social alienation scale according to Fromm\'s view, And then the researcher to verification the validity and reliability of these scales And analyze statistically of Vertebrae On a sample of (320) students from the University of Babylon Chosen by the way of a stratified random distribution disproportionate . After the completion of the preparation of search tools were applied on applied research sample amounting to (450) students they were chosen stratified random way. In order to analyze the search results used a set of statistical means (t test for independent sample one, t test for two independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient. The researcher has reached the following results :
1. University students with experience meta mood
2. University students do not suffer from social alienation.
3. Weakness correlation between experience meta of mood the social alienation for university students.
Based on the results that came out of Search The researcher developed a set of conclusions and recommendations and proposals that will complement the current research.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds And prayer and peace be upon the best creation of Allah Muhammad and divine, then:
The health of the issuance of the novel depends on the health of corroboration, and research in the bond of Mokhtsat men aware of who is looking at the case of the narrator Mata and a description, and from this standpoint it like Find men eloquent importance in this area; being a search in their situation on the one hand, and on the other hand, the novel's health depends on the documentation of narrators.
That document the narrators amendment or defamation based on the views of the old Alrjaliyn significantly to the proximity of their time from the era of the narrators and Masrthm them, and this came Search marked (the son of Oqda's views) point in this area, he looks at the personal and documented by everyone and was the men's views were supported by the When scientists.
Enrolled Find an introduction and two chapters, the first chapter focused on translating the son of a node, and learn something of the history, life and stature and across multiple poverty, and investigated Chapter II a group of men's books for the extraction of Thaghm son knots or weakness, and how scientists relied on those views, and Rtbnahm on ABC Arab lexicon , and we ended the search with a list of sources.

Hafiz Alperse surrounded the ambiguity in the origin between Arab Oulfarsa, and faith, and accused him of Balglu for his over-zealous love of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), and mixing in his compositions, and other charges, try searching highlight them and come to the following:
1. Arab originality, it belongs to the City Press, located in the province of Babylon, now, and that questioning the rate of return to faith; a debt of gratitude for his fame (mysticism) that most of his men from the Persians.
2. acquitted of everything you throw him from the hyperbole and others, and that this is due to the insane love of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), it is the right of surly his time.
3. study of his hair, the whole pure in praise of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), and objectives, and a statement of what the pros Bdieih, which is a prominent phenomenon.

This study aims to :
1- Identify adverb of place in Arabic and English languages.
2- Prove the existence of the adverb of place in English.
3- Show the importance of the adverb of place in both languages.
4- Explain the deletion, advancement and delay of the adverb of place with its verb and its subject in Arabic and English.
5- Show the similarities and differences in the adverb of place between the two languages.
6- Prove that the similarities between the two languages in the adverb of place are more than the differences.

The study sheds light on the phonological rules as part of communication used through language. It tackles the reasons behind them, types, characteristics and functions. Finally, it focuses on conclusion that reaches at.

This research deals with the use of Quranic passages on the development of reading comprehension of Iraqi preparatory schools learners.
Therefore, the study aims at investigating the effect of using Quranic passages on the development of reading comprehension of Iraqi preparatory schools learners.
To fulfill the aim of the study, an experiment is designed. Two groups of preparatory school are randomly chosen. One of the two groups is assigned to be the experimental group, which is used Quranic passages and the other one is the control group which is not used Quranic passages.
By using the t- test for two independent samples, it is found out that the calculated t-value is greater than the table t-value. This result indicates that there are statistically significant differences between the two groups in their achievement in the developing of reading comprehension in favor of the experimental group.

The dominant critical focus on Maya Angelou’s writings has been on the thematic features of her texts. Linguistic and stylistic appraisals on her works are generally sparse. This paper is a stylistic study of Maya Angelou’s autobiographical novel
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. It aims at examining the stylistic features of the text vis-à-vis the semantic Law of Transitivity so as to investigate the features that contribute in the discourse’s trespassing the sphere of informing to the sphere of interaction and influence.
The paper starts with brief notes on stylistics in relation to semantics. This is followed by a discussion of the Law of Transitivity, frequent references are made to John R. Searle’s patterns of metaphor. The varied forms of the relations between the signified or the source (the vehicle) and the signifier or the target (the tenor) in relation to the sign (the common ground) are discussed in the light of the figurative devices employed by the author and the functions achieved in revealing the ideological issues of race and gender in the book. The study attempts also at positioning the formal and psychological elements within a sociocultural context in order to promote the reader’s understanding of the purposes and functions to which certain linguistic choices are made.

This paper deals with the linguistic phenomenon of ‘binomial expressions’. These are expressions that involve two words belonging to the same word-class. The linkage of the two members of any binomial expression is accomplished through the use of either a preposition or conjunction. There is usually a semantic relation between these members of some sort. The study comprises two sections. The first presents a theoretical background of binomial expressions. Views and opinions of scholars are cited with regard to their treatment of these expressions. In this section, a short survey of the previous research on the topic is presented. This theoretical background is then applied to the Arabic text of Du’aa as-Sabaḥ by Imam Ali bin Abi Ṭalib (PBUH). Instances of binomials in this text are extracted and analyzed in terms of the ordering of occurrence of the members of the binomial expressions. The previous and following discourse (linguistic context( are considered important in the analysis of the ordering. The members of the binomials in the Du’aa are joined by the coordinator (و) .They are predominantly nouns except for only one in which an adjective occurs. Some of the binomials are resistant to reversibility because of religious or cultural constraints.

This manuscript entitled to Mqrizi knowledge of the news from the land of the kings of Abyssinia of Islam, a well-known news of Abyssinia, is part of Al Azhar manuscripts library.
It was by Maqrizi during his pilgrimage in Mecca in the year 839 AH and was adopted in writing on the news that he had heard or mentioned by those who know him, he recalled telling her where the Muslim Jihad against the infidels indicating its borders and regions that are out there and the number of kingdoms and kings in it.
Also touched on the farm and the fruits as well as mention of what the animals did not lose sight of the existing mention of religion.
Maqrizi touched on many things and more broad issues, and therefore are important for anyone who wants access to Islam and Muslims in Abyssinia.
The manuscript consists of nineteen pages and the Department of Labor to an introduction and two parts: the importance of the statement is submitted manuscript flimsy Abyssinia. The first section is a Maqrizi life and writings, methodology and description of the manuscript The second section is achieved.

The study revealed that the openness outside world is most important require ments for success for the advancement of Russain state and save it from the ignorance and back wardness and achieve the political system , economic , scientific and culturlal travel from the travel of Russian leaders and the scientific missions to another countries of western Europe The concering of the Great Peter is to use the travel as a purpose to make a strong army and establish a modern state in order to face the western Europe countries.
The another goal was to get many ports in the warm water of the Baltic and the black Seas to get rid of the difficulties encountered the Russians on Arcangel port which water freezes all the Year-This port is the first way that the Russian used it to Europe. The trip of Caeser succeeded in many ports like the scientific part, Military part and economic part . but it failed in the diplomatic part when they held alliance between the Christian and Russian against Ottoman Empire . The Caeser noticed that many Countries like the War against Sewedden , therefore he decided to enter the War, but he changed his mind .when he travelled to Europe instead of the War against Ottomans Empire His trip succeeded in many parts like maths part and the scientific military This trip bring to Russians the industrial experiences from Europe Countries and Applied in Russia such as commercial industries and Military industries and he manged to get weapons , Machinery , Scientific books and geographical Maps – They translated all of these things to Russian Language.

The current research has been contained (attributes Cubism in contemporary European porcelain) on four chapters, the first chapter included an explanation of the research problem and its importance and the need for it, as well as the aim of the research, which (known manifestations of Cubism in the contemporary European porcelain at the level of fine features), as Chapter Borders Search temporal and spatial, objectivity and identify conventional and procedural definitions, The second chapter includes the theoretical framework, which included two sections represent the first Baltkaaabah stages and characteristics, eat second topic Cubism in art, and then the indicators resulting from the theoretical framework, has been allocated the third quarter to view research procedures, and sample selection Find a way intentional based on the descriptive method in the analysis of the sample, while the fourth chapter dealt with the search results and the most important:
1. The dismantling objects and remodel geometric surfaces was such oblique lines and sharp highlight the body shape as the body human or animal or the installation of an engineering indicates the nature by showing synthetic reaction engineering as a catalyst optical effectively engineering organization was apparent that the specimen (1.2,3,4).
2. The structural system of the tendency of synthetic involves the foundations and principles as the smashing objects and fitted knows when the perspective of artists into the bird as there is a system Tkaaibia transforms a scene with prescribed geometric divides her ceramic work to geometric shapes and different sizes, depending on the color and this is what we find in a specimen (4).
The conclusions of the most important of which was:
1. The formal coherence of the ceramic work was based on the method of implementation and its relationship to the form.
2. Open the shape and composition of a way that makes time and space are equal in cognition.
It is then followed by the list of sources and references .

Things usually represented by their names and how much they are relevant to their actual applications , avoiding the connection between address and addressed make the relation between them weak , therefore the Islamic art recorded aesthetic theory on scientific logic , although there is interrelation between the renewing idea and essence of human innately .
Thus the current study forward to reveal the connection between the decoration idea with its innateness and its relation to the Islamic believe. In order to be able to say that there is Islamic art derived from Islamic religion and not an art in Islamic location , through determine the research by the study of abstract instinctiveness in Islamic decoration since its raise and its eternal . For the aim of find out this innateness, the abstract instinctiveness has been defined as : ( axiomatic and presence ideas of the simple forms for human being that represented by specific features in Islamic decoration).
It is important to put a prologues that represented by the following topics :
First Topic : Islamic conceptions about the innateness.
Second Topic : abstract vision.
Third Topic : Islamic Decoration – abstract types
Fourth Topic: inferential and analytic study for the innateness figures in Islamic decoration.
Thus a visions and conclusions were formed for this study , some of them represented by follows :-
1. There is innateness willingness for concepts representation according to the sense ,once represented instinctively without previous practice and another by practice .
2. Monotheism leads to Abstract.
3. Admittance of abstract decoration figures is innateness but it require acquisition or collection to recognize the system that represented inside decoration figures .
4. The innateness effects by reality and sensuality
5. The innateness connects by engineering abstract that belong to clan rules which leads to admittance of engineering abstract by admirable quantity .
6. Non- engineering abstracts need to experience , taste and acquisitiveness cognition in their acceptance , the research concluded with a list of resources and references .

This thesis studies “The Aesthetics of the Forming in the Rafei al-Nasiri’s Paintings”. It is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is devoted to outline the problem of the research, its importance and the theoretical and practical needs for it. The aim and the limitations of the research are also pinpointed, and then the terminology used is fairly explained.
The problem of the research has focused on the aesthetics of the design in the Rafei al-Nasiri’s different paintings. In the scene of Iraqi painting, the preoccupation systems of design are associated with creating aesthetic responses in which the Iraqi painter tries to find justification of the characteristic of designing manifestation in the drawing. This process occurs due to the awareness of the necessity of giving the objective unity of the drawing the aesthetic significance which substantiates the activity of the structural systems and their correspondence with the action of design. As result, the drawings of Jwawd Salim, Faikh Hasan, Shakir Hasan Al Said, Mahmood Sabri, Kadhum Haider and Rafei al-Nasiri have crystallized the aesthetic frames of the form within the traditional and normal formal means. At the same time, they have deepened the rational and sentimental tendencies by being under the submission of the mathematical vision. Therefore, the problem is to answer the following question: How are the bases of the aesthetics of the design represented in the drawings of Rafei al-Nasiri?
The importance of the research is reflected in the fact that it is an attempt to shed light on the aesthetic values based on structural elements which compromise the painting and design. They also show the value of the designing structures in the process of elevating the aesthetic form of the drawing by reading the surface design on structural bases. In fact, al-Nasiri is considered one of the most influential Iraqi painters; therefore, this research tries to add a contribution to the artistic studies of Iraqi fine arts.
The overall aim of the research is to discover the aesthetics of design in the drawings of Rafei al-Nasiri. As for the limitations of the research, al-Nasiri’s paintings accomplished with acrylic on fabric, the graphic drawings and the paper drawings accompanied some poems have been chosen. The latter have been done in China, Portugal, Baghdad, and Amman in the period 1960-2014. The terms ‘beauty’, ‘aesthetics’, and ‘design’ have been surveyed in this chapter.
The second chapter, ‘The Theoretical Framework’, contains three minor topics: the first is devoted to the study of ‘The Artistic Design between the Elements and the Aesthetic Bases’; the second one has tackled with “The Facts of Design in the Iraqi Fine Arts’.
The third minor topic is devoted to ‘The Design Attempts in the Paintings of Rafei al-Nasiri’.
The third chapter includes the research procedures. These imply that the research sample must be outlined, then the research examples are chosen. The sample consists of 20 works. Then the research tool and mathematic and calculating means used in the process of analyzing the sample works are reviewed.
The fourth chapter includes the results, the conclusions, the recommendations and suggestions.

This means Find the perfect study in the texts of the Iraqi writer (Ghazi) Performing example, where current research focused in four chapters. The first chapter of which included a systematic framework of the research and the research problem identified by asking the following: What is the perfect example of Ghazi in the texts of the play? . While came the importance of research as studying one of the leading writers of the Iraqi theater, and the disclosure of the ideal manifestation of the texts at the level of (personal, language, dialogue, idea), as According to this research workers in the field of literature, theater, students of Fine Arts and institutes colleges, as accomplishing cognitive contribute to highlight the Iraqi theater culture. Find and defined the limits of time and space on texts by Ghazi example in Iraq between 1998-2001. The goal of the research was reflected in the know in the texts of the ideal gas play.
The second chapter is the theoretical framework of the research, which contains three sections. Me first such study of the ideal concept of the philosophers start which brought him an ideal Plato of the existence of the eternal world of perfect outside Mahsusat a scientist goes, then the ideal of St. Augustine which held that God is the first example, then what brought him the ideal it was considered mind is that connects its provisions to the ideal, then the ideal of absolute Hegel, which recognizes the existence of absolute mind or (God) in nature and that the divine mind Abatn nature and that the evolution of nature and movement are subject to this absolute, then this topic is over idealism Bergson intuitive, which is the intuitive way to understand the realities of a sense of inner and similar knowledge It is not intended to work and tend to benefit, but what is the absolute and to contact the perceptions of the mind. While annexation second topic idealism in the global theatrical text and stand at the most prominent writers who included Msarhyatem the ideal concepts and demonstrated at the level of (personal, language, dialogue, idea). The third and final section has included references to the writer cognitive Ghazi example, which played a role in the writing of the play texts. The concluding chapter indicators resulting from the theoretical framework and previous studies.
And devoted Chapter III of the research procedures, which included the identification of a society, which included four plays, and the research sample and method in which the researcher adopted the descriptive approach (analytical) being in line with the nature of the research and his goal, and search tool which the researcher relied on indicators resulting from the theoretical framework as an analytical standards and, finally, the research sample analysis.
The search is over fourth quarter in which the researcher has left a number of results, including:
1- idealistic philosophy recognizes the existence of another world absolute Khaled independently of a man of God and industry which can be absorbed through the mind.
Researcher concluded a number of conclusions, including the following:
2. Justice and goodness and morality are the features that distinguish from which to perfect things.

The research dealt with (EVIDENCES OF COMPLEX FORMS IN THE ISLAMIC CERAMIC) lies in four chapters , first chapter included the problem of the research which was briefed in possibility of replying the question ( Do the complex forms have evidences in the Islamic ceramic and what are their references?), importance and need to the research came from (Described as concern about the specialists in discovering the aesthetic sides for the ceramic forms in the period of Islamic art generally and the ceramic particularly. The current research discover how the Muslim potter concern about the religious and life side and achieve this concern in his works, provide the general and specialist libraries with a scientific and artistic effort in the field of art studies, the research represented a scientific effort added to the other researchers efforts in the field of Islamic art generally and ceramic art specially), the goal of the study is ( Discovering the evidences of complex forms in Islamic ceramic), the research's limits is the ceramic works done in the Abbasi era in (Iraq and Syria) within the period (4th -7th ) A.H century (9th – 13th ) A.D century.
While the second chapter was represented by the theoretical frame included two sections , first one : (Concept of evidence and form in the art).
The second section concern about studying the complex forms in the Islamic ceramic (historical references) in the Abbasi era, the theoretical frame was finalized with a punch of indications and then the previous studies.
The third chapter tackled with the procedures of the research and include also determining the population of the research of ( 20) potters, then the research tool and analyzing the sample.
While the fourth chapter included the results and conclusions of the research plus to suggestions and recommendations, one of the results the researcher has come up with is :
1- The Abbasi potter was far from the real form through combining , decreasing and abstraction then application them in ceramic works.
2- The Muslim potter used themes taken from the daily life like hunting views, animals fight and achieving that in the sample.
3- Abbasi potter combined human and animal forms as that give the aesthetic values and being away from imitating the Creator God in his creatures.
4- The Abbasi potter used the variable ceramic forms through the correlation between the nature and the asceticism as he used the less colors and using the technique of the metal bright instead of the gold and silver and approve that in the sample.
While the most important conclusions are:
1- Complex ceramic form are due not to imitate the Creator God.
2- The Muslim potter concern about the abstract and combining in the forms drawn on ceramic plates that epress the aesthetic of ceramic works in addition to innovation and invention.
Keywords: COMPLEX FORMS, ISLAMIC CERAMIC

This paper deals with function of accessories in Shakespeare,s plays which represents an element of the theatrical discourse and importance through its relation ship with other elements within the text .
Search is located in the five chapters, The first chapter included research problem that crystallized palate :- The play gained importance accessories through its presence and its role in changing the course of events and volatile upside aqi in Shakespeare,s plays . The aim of the research detection function accessories in Shakespeare,s plays .
Chapter II be one of the two sections, eat first section shed light on the concept of accessories and its importance in the theatrical text . The second section included accessories in Shakespeare,s plays . Find out with , among other indictors resulting from the theoretical framework of which :-
1-Employment accessories and its importance in the text and presentation from the nucleus of cultural openness between peoples became the author takes into account ancillary role in the construction of meaning .
2-Give personal information on the accessories , and space – time as well as aesthetic functionality that gliding through the availability of unity and harmony of proportionality and the selection of the type, size and color there to .
Chapter III included research procedures , the researcher analy zed the text of the play Othello adoption of the descriptive analytical approach through a table designed by a researcher for the analysis of the sample .
Chapter Iv the researcher presented the results discussed , then chapter v included conclusions and that came in :-
1-Attached to something material , it is used in certain very dramatic work .
2-Points attached to the craft or its owner may determine the social status.
3-Annexed is an important element of the work adds a new dimension to the Then search the list of sources and margins seal .

Sexual abuse is an important behavioral problem that has serious psychological , social and educational consequences , post-traumatic stress disorders may occur after this type of abuse.
International studies proved that victims of sexual abuse in childhood will be perpetrator and sexually abuser in the future, this problem was not studied in Iraq .
The objectives of this study were to identify the extent of the problem according to teachers knowledge and to determine the most important associated factors related to this neglected health problem.
A random sample of 228 teachers from 162 randomly selected primary schools in Babylon province during the academic year 2013-2014 . A validated reliable questionnaire was used to collect data.
Four fifth of teachers believed that this kind of abuse was highly prevalent in their schools and they considered it as a silent problem, about 12.3% of the teachers participated in this study were exposed to conduct and non-conduct sexual abuse during their childhood two third of the victims were females.
The study showed a positive significant association between teachers high educational levels and the level of awareness about this problem and its consequences p<0.05.
About 89% of the participants suggested that exposure to internets and uncontrolled TV shows are the main source of encouraging the spread of this un accepted behavior,
Lack of school staff monitoring , presence of unusual older children in schools and the overcrowded class rooms were associated factors.
This study suggested a training programs for teachers to increase their awareness to deal with this high priority problem , effective educational counseling program has to applied in our primary schools. further large scales studies are strongly requested.

The Oral Communication consider to be a Social activity and indispensable essential part of individual daily life, those who have oral communication skill, wide scopes of cognition will be open to them in future, it also achieve many gains in the scope of social relations .due to lacks of oral communications, many of rights has been wasted, many of decisions has been issued by mistake and many of cognition chances get lost. One of the barriers that influence on the One's ability of oral communication is : One's tact and his fluency of the language ,traditions, believes and physiological barriers like optical and audible retardation For fulfilling current research goals, it requires to use two tools they are:
Tool to measure the Oral communication apprehension , researcher adopted the standard of ( McCroskey ,1985 ), researcher also adopted the two identification ( Skyrim ,1997) ,( Hilal 2014) to construct the standard of cognition management , after that the researcher verified of verity and invariance of the two standards, it has been applied on research sample that comprise (375) both gender students of Babylon university, after the collection of the data and analyzed it statically the correlation coefficient of (Pearson ) has been used in addition to (T-test) for two independent samples and (Z) test for one sample , and analysis the bilateral variance.
In the light of the results, the researcher set a number of suggestions they are:-
1-Deliberating the Oral communication apprehension and its relevant to Cognition management for the other study stages.
2-Deliberating the Oral communication apprehension and its relevant to self- Confidence for the university students.
3-Deliberating the pertinence between Oral communication apprehension and another variables like creationism, academic Attainment and social anxiety communication .

Constitute administrative decisions pulsating artery in the veins of the organizational structure of the various Lay Organization and its branches and without them stand any small organization large or unable to access to the most basic goals, so I realize specialists critical importance of these educational process and its implications in a way and the other on those institutions, which urged them to bring out this process through involve subordinates in developing courses to determine the importance of decision-making, and about current research has Achttar researcher and through the currency in the educational field the importance of knowing the quality of the administrative decision at the supervisors' specialists in breeding Babylon being of the most important episodes, which oversees the functioning of the educational process, the research aims to:
1-to identify the quality of decision-making at the supervisors' administrative specialists.
2-recognition of creative thinking among the supervisors' specialists.
3-identify the relationship between the quality of administrative decision-making and
creative thinking among the supervisors' specialists.
The researcher used Almhenj descriptive suits the nature of the problem Seat.othdd research community supervisors educators specialists in breeding Babil province Directorate's (267) Musharraf and honorable and selected sample randomly number (177) Musharraf and honorable, and the researcher used the carefree statistical means to address data (mean, deviation standard, Mwaliml link, samples t-
test) and was the most important conclusions are:
1. possesses all the research sample skill of decision-making and creative thinking skills.
2. The presence of decision-making based on multiple skills, including the skill of creative thinking.
3. The ability to produce creative thinking practices, including decision-making.

The current research aims to know the effect aquarium strategy in reading comprehension among students in the fourth grade science teaching reading.
To achieve this, the researchers determined experimentally adopted located in women with experimental designs and field test of the partial setting a deadline for the two sets of empirical research and one other officer.
Chose researchers randomly (junior Khansaa Girls) located in Street 40, Babel province, the same way chose Division (c) to represent the control group Forty student of the number of her students, and Division (b) to represent the experimental group thirty-eight students of the number of her students.
The researchers conducted a parity between students of the two groups in the following variables: (calculated in months chronological age, educational attainment of the parents, grades Arabic language material in the previous year.
The researchers coined the seventy-four behaviorally target of the topics that will be examined during the duration of the experiment and prepared daily plans for the teaching of the two sets of search and offer two of them on a group of experts and specialists to determine its validity and suitability for the students of the fourth grade science.
The search tool has prepared a test of understanding reading consisted of three questions, the researchers applied the search tool on the two sets of search after the expiration of the experience that eight-week, began on Tuesday, 20/10/2015, and ended on Tuesday, 15.12.2015, one of the researchers studied two groups of research.
Use the researchers statistical means the following: samples t test for two independent samples, and Chi-square (Ca 2), and Pearson correlation coefficient, and the equation difficulty coefficient and discrimination, and the equation of effective alternatives is correct, and after analyzing the results statistically reach researchers to: higher than students in the experimental group that studied the material reading using aquarium strategy, the female control group studied the same material in the traditional way in reading comprehension.
In light of these findings the researchers recommended a set of recommendations including;
1. Aquarium strategy to adopt in the teaching of reading to fourth grade science students.
2. The need to encourage teachers to adopt the Arabic language aquarium strategy in teaching; because it enables students to employ their skills in guiding the thinking and learning processes.
3. emphasis on the aquarium's strategy during the preparation of the Arabic language teachers and Madrsadtha in colleges of education, or when they enter training courses during service.
The researcher also suggested some proposals, including:
4. conducting a similar study of the current study on the literary fourth grade students.
5. conducting a similar study of the current study for the development of reading comprehension in the middle stage.
6. carry out a study to identify the impact of the aquarium's strategy to improve the teaching of Arabic language and the other branches of Kalnho or rhetoric.

This study aims to know what influence is there in using the two models of (Polya and Bell) for solving physical problems on the students performance at 5th scientific preparatory stage and to develop their attitude to wards physics .We chose the experimental design of three groups (two experimental and the other adjustable) .After making the groups are equivalent in some changes ,The first experimental group was studied according to Polya's model and the second according Bell's model, while the third (the adjustable) according the ordinary way .The three groups were taught ,the three chapters (three ,four and five ) in physics for 5th scientific class. After finishing teaching ,we apply the two tools of the research which are solving physical problems contains (9) problems divided in to three problems for each chapter and the other is the measurement of direction towards physics which contains (42) parts. By using the statistical instruments (the analysis of unique discrepancy , Scheffe value for knowing the difference among three groups and t.test for knowing the difference among mediators of the marks of the three groups.
The results showed that there is appositive influence of statistical significance for the two models in solving physical problems as compare with the ordinary group .It also showed that there isn’t a significant difference among mediators for the marks of the students of the three groups in measurement of attitude towards physics. The study concludes that there is a development in direction towards physics at the students of the two experimental groups as compare with the ordinary ,but it doesn’t reach to statistical ,significant level .

The present study aimed to assess the children's centers with special mobility needs in Algeria and Jordan, through the identification of competencies activate the participation of parents in the educational process in children with teacher motor special needs in Algeria, Jordan and general needed in the upbringing and education of these children.The study sample consisted of (39) teachers working in special education centers in Algeria, Jordan, and measure the effectiveness of these skills, it has been corrupted scale of development (26) paragraph represented in the field of competencies activate the participation of parents. The extraction of semantics validity and reliability of the measurement tool and this was accepted indications for the purposes of the study, The results showed that all special education institutions concerned with effective study, where there are significant differences were statistically significant efficiencies in activating the participation of parents in the educational process between the center of El Harrach, Algiers and Casablanca own eye center residuum in favor of the latter. There are also significant differences were statistically significant differences in efficiencies between activating the participation of parents of children with special needs of the motor in Algeria, Jordan, special education centers for the benefit of Al-Hussein Society for people with mobility challenges in Amman. Based on previous results researcher recommends the need to investigate modern factors that can contribute to increase the effectiveness of special education centers in the educational process, from beginning efficiencies of interaction and contact the people of children with special needs and their involvement in the construction of the educational plan, develop and use different tools to measure the progress of the effectiveness of centers and schools of education special people with special needs such as: case studies, interviews, self-reports, physical tests, physiological

The first sports training stages of great importance because it is the bedrock for the subsequent stages of training. The numbers skills and one of the most important training objectives in the first years of training where the acquisition of basic skills and access performance to advanced levels of proficiency goal of training and requires a high level of motor capacity of up to advanced stages of maturity and sophistication in this Alamrah.omn stage through the fact that the researcher a player and coach noted vulnerable interest in the training of motor abilities and mental capacities and lack of training methods used by trained commensurate with their importance in the development of basic skills performance among young football players. So felt a private investigator to use exercises to develop these abilities and mental visualization exercises and the most important basic skills of junior football to be effective means of training used by trainers. The goal of your search:
1. The use of special exercises for the development of the most important motor abilities and mental perception and some basic skills of junior football.
2. know the effect of exercise in Ttoriham own motor capacity and mental perception
and some basic skills of junior football.
The researcher used the experimental method for suitability and the nature of research and the fact that this approach is characterized by its results accurately, the researcher followed the experimental design a Almtkavitan groups with pretest and posttest. Identify community Find junior players in Baquba Club's (35) were selected randomly sample, amounting to (28 players.
It was divided into two groups (control group and experimental) .ccant main conclusions are:
1. The training curriculum followed by coach a positive influence in the development of motor and mental capacity perception and the basic skills of young football players.
2. For the best exercises for the effect of the experimental group to develop these mental capacity and the perception among young football players.
3. development of motor capabilities better effect the experimental group in the development of the basic skills of young football players.

Tather form of the state and its identity on the overall political, social and economic tracks, seeking the political system all the currents of Islamic and liberal to maintain the state structure or specific events changes according to prepared and well thought out programs mainly to the events of that change in proportion to the ideology at hand, that those be changes to Atnal of the subject of national identity Iraqi identity that gives the individual .

Tourism is closely linked to private attractive environment of natural, historical and cultural components and the province of Karbala to the environment has these ingredients that help tourism and to achieve spatial development progress, so it is essential that the relationship between tourism and the environment is a symbiotic relationship complementary and also the relationship between the spatial development and the environment relationship equilibrium minutes do not damage the social and economic interests or historical sites, cultural and natural therefore launched search of a problem that environmental degradation experienced by most of these areas and the lack of awareness for the exercise of this type of tourism, not to mention the policies and practices erroneous due to the shortage and palaces scientific importance of eco-tourism and therefore did not achieve the spatial development. And it relied on the premise is the need to activate the application of the concept of eco-tourism by increasing the environmental awareness of the citizen and the relevant authorities using the right policies and standards for the interest in this type of tourism and directed towards the achievement of spatial development and research found to lack a clear strategy for eco-tourism in the province and thus the lack of spatial development in areas that have elements of environmental Square and weak tourism development site in development plans which decreases continuously from its importance in the framework of humility allocated for tourism financial allocations, reflecting the lack of projects completed or planned and the poor performance of public policies to adopt a strategy and a clear tourism and modesty of the quality of facilities and services, and weakness or a lack of basic services such as roads, electricity, communications, sanitation facilities, and then some of the recommendations and proposals that would put the development of eco-tourism to achieve spatial development in the province.

The subject of the study of the impact of the Palestinian issue in Saudi relations-Kuwaiti 1964-1968 is one of the political and economic importance in the increasing sophistication of the Saudi-Kuwaiti relations, as well as posed by the length of time which is one of the most important and most reliable historical eras. In this duration was clearly evident political, economic and military conflict and its effects on the Palestinian issue , as well as the boiling democratic that was found by the Egyptian President Jamal Abdel Nasser, the rule which stems from which for the Liberation of Palestine as well as democratic trends that is rised by the proclamation unitary in spite of the failure of Union project in 1958, and the unity between Egypt and Syria in 1961, these were the slogans and orientations mass crystallization Liberation Organization appearance Palestinian legitimate representative of the Palestinian people during the summit, the first Arab, which was held in Cairo in 1964. The epoch eventful reflected directly or indirectly, to the growth of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait Saudi relations of the events of the Palestinian cause especially after it became clear to us that epoch did not incite carefully researchers did not meet what it deserves from the study and scrutiny, we have encountered a number of difficulties for sources and references. The study consists of an introduction and four research and a conclusion dealt with in the first part, Saudi Arabia and the Palestinian cause in the Arab Summit first (Cairo, January 13-17 1964), in the second part I dealt with, the role of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait in the second Summit (Alexandria from September 11-5 1964), the third section devoted for the role of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait in the third Conference of the Arab Summit (Casablanca from 13-17 September 1965), while the fourth section has highlighted the position of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait in the fifth of June 1967 war, while the conclusion has focused on the main findings of the study during the study period set by the researcher that, the study on the sources and references NES, notably the published documents of the Arab League and the Palestinian documents adopted, as well as Arab sources and translated and foreign, theses and newspapers that can't be indispensable by any researcher in historical studies