Journal of University of Babylon

In this paper, we considers the order statistics from negative binomial distribution .which have moment of all positive orders.
We take as example for x_3to find the mean and variance. We define aformula for B . The incomplete beta function of Negative binomial distribution is I_(1-B(x) ) (i,M), But The incomplete beta function of binomial distribution is I_B(x) (i,M-i+1).
The purpose of this paper is to study the distribution of x_i and R=x_j-x_i (x_j,x_i ,i>j) . The results are obtained here can be compared to those for a continuous variate.

Today’s business environment requires its workers to be skilled and knowledgeable in more than one area to compete. Data scientists are expected to be polyglots who understand math, code and can speak the language of business. This paper aims to develop a new Agent- Develop Kernel Gradient Boosting Machine (Agent-DKGBM) algorithm for prediction in huge and complex business databases. The Agent-DKGBM algorithm executes in two phases. In the first phase, building the cognitive agent, the primary goal is to prepare the database for the second phase, searching the business databases. During this phase, the cognitive agent selects one of the business databases, choosing the most suitable type i.e., Hyperbolic functions, Polynomial functions and Gaussian mixture as a kernel of Develop Support Vector Regression (DSVR) and determines the optimum parameters of the DSVR and DKGBM. The second phase consists of three stages, which include splitting the business databases into training and testing datasets by using 10-fold cross validation. In the second stage, a DKGBM model using the training data set is built to replace the Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) kernel, typically using Decision Trees (DTs) to produce the predictor with DSVR because it would potentially increase the accuracy and reduce the execution time in the DKGBM model. Finally, the DKGBM would be verified based on the testing data set. Experimental results indicate that the proposed Agent-DKGBM algorithm will provide effective prediction with a significant high level of accuracy and compression ratio of execution time compared to other prediction techniques including CART, MARS, Random Forest, Tree Net, GBM and SVM. The results also reveal that by using Gaussian mixture as a kernel of DSVR, the Agent-DKGBM achieves more accurate and better prediction results than other kernel functions, which prediction algorithms typically use, also than GBM, which typically use DTs. Results clearly show that the proposed Agent-DKGBM improves the predictive accuracy, speed and cost of prediction. In addition, the results prove that Agent-DKGBM can serve as a promising choice for current prediction techniques.

The principal objective of enhancement is to process an image so that the result is more suitable than the original image for a specific application. Image enhancement approaches fall into two broad categories: spatial domain methods and frequency domain methods. The term spatial domain refers to the image plane itself, and approaches in this category are based on direct manipulation of pixels in an image. Frequency domain processing techniques are based on modifying the Fourier transform of an image.

IN THIS PAPER WE DEFINE SOME TYPES OF STRONG CONTINUITIES ON THE APPROXIMATION SPACE IN TERMS OF ROUGH SETS. SOME RESULTS ON THESE TYPES OF CONTINUITIES ARE GIVEN.

In this work , intelligent fuzzy controller for mobile robot in various (known and unknown) environments is build to control of mobile robot. A successful way of structuring the navigation problem treat with the issues of individual behavior design and action coordination.
The inputs to the proposed fuzzy control method consist of a heading angle between a robot and a specified target and the distances between the robot and the obstacles to the left, front, and right to its locations, being acquired by sensors. The output of controller are the speeds of right and left wheels. Simulation results verified the effectiveness of the controller.

Clustering algorithms are used as a solution for different image problem, such as pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, dimensionality reduction, data visualization, and final classification. The one that proposed in this paper is the classification, so this work takes two clustering algorithm (k-mean & pso) then applying it on an unsupervised color images (satellite image, medicine image, natural image).

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN) are used in many application areas such as industrial and civilian. Sensors will be shared by multiple applications to collect several types of data. Not all data be equivalence in the important, some data may be more important than other so loss this data may cause problems . Packet losses and retransmissions resulting from congestion and cause loss important data and decrease the lifetime of sensor nodes. This problem need for control to reduce the loss data, energy consuming and etc.
The main aim of this paper is to discuss how can use genetic algorithm(GA) to optimize the parameters that can affect on congestion in WSN and then evaluate the performance of network used AODV,DSDV,DSR and NOAH routing protocols by using NS-2 simulator.

In this paper, we present a new algorithm to open PDF file and extracting the images for applying enhancement filters .The proposed system consist of three stages, First stage for open PDF file and extract images from it, Second stage apply enhancement filter on extracted image depending on the nature of image, and the Third stage resave the enhancement images in original PDF file without any change in properties of PDF file.

A fundamental activity common to image processing, pattern recognition, and clustering algorithm involves searching set of n , k-dimensional data for one which is
nearest to a given target data with respect to distance function .
Our goal is to find search algorithms with are full - search equivalent -which is resulting match as a good as we could obtain if we were to search the set exhausting.
1- Aim of the work .
We propose a framework made up of three components, namely
l. A technique for obtaining a good initial match.
2. An inexpensive method for determining whether the current match is a full- search equivalent match.
3. An effective technique for improving the current match.
Our approach is to consider a good solution for component in order to find an algorithm, which balances the overall complexity of the search.

This research is concerned with the development of a hybridization technique for cryptanalysis a simple substitution ciphers. The exploration/exploitation balancing strategy of Simulated Annealing is incorporated into the original Bees Algorithm to improve its search efficiency and reduce its computational cost. Experimental results demonstrate the applicability of algorithm for the cryptanalysis a simple substitution ciphers.

This study included (180) human samplest (89 males, 91 females), classified into 4 groups: (49) diabetic patients (21 males, 28females) were attended to the diabetic and endocrinology center at Al-Sader medical city in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, and registered in the center as type 2 diabetic mellitus patients (DM) group. (40) patients (23 males, 17 females) attended to the coronary care unit (CCU) at Al-Sader medical city in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf and diagnosed as having myocardial infarction (they all showed S-T elevation) (MI) group. (46) patients (21 males, 25 females) attended to the coronary care unit (CCU) at Al-Sader medical city in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf and diagnosed as having myocardial infarction (they all showed S-T elevation), and previously diagnosed as type 2 diabetic patients (DMMI) group. (45) healthy subjects (24 males, 21 females)vas (control) group. all patients and control subjects were aged between 40-75 years. All of them were non obese (Body Mass Index < 30).Samples collected during the period from May 2011 till February 2012. The measured parameters include: fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c %), lipid profile (LDL, TG, HDL, vLDL, atherogenic Index), serum Osteoppontin (OPN).
The results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in FBS of DM and DMMI groups. A significant increase (P<0.05) in the percentage of HbA1c in all patients (DM, MI, and DMMI groups) compared with the control. Lipid profile parameters and atherogenic index were significantly (P<0.05) higher in all patients than healthy individual.
Levels of serum OPN increased in all patients significantly in comparing with the control group. MI group was higher significantly than DM group. No significant difference in serum OPN found between males and females. According to age range, there is a significant increase in OPN levels in all patients in the age range (40-50) when compared with control subjectsgroup in this age range, but OPN levels didn’t differ significantly among study groups aged 51-60 years. In elderly (>60 years) MI patients showed significant high levels of OPN in comparison with elderly DM patients.
In conclusion, serum OPN levels were higher in MI patients and in diabetic patients suffering from myocardial infarction, so this parameter could be a risk marker for MI in diabetic patients.

Due to the nature of handwriting with high degree of variability and imprecision, obtaining features that represent characters is a difficult task. In this research, a features extraction method for handwritten Arabic Character recognition is investigated. Its major goal is to maximize the recognition rate with the least amount of elements. This method compute the 1 level Haar Wavelet Transform for Binary character image, then divide the Wavelet space into 8 Zones, for each Zone, three features have been extracted: mean, standard division, and skewness. The Recognition have been done using Mahalanobis distance. The proposed method provides good recognition accuracy of 73% for handwritten characters even with fewer train samples.

This paper investigates a methodology for the ontology based semantic retrieval of annotated web documents with terms occurrence weighting. The semantic structural distance of document terms in terms of domain ontology is computed against new unknown queries to improve the documents ranking and retrieval. Furthermore, the role of aggregation methods to combine the weighting terms scheme based similarity measures with the similarity of semantic distance with respect to ontology have been carried out. Domain ontology is developed in which it defines a number of keywords and properties for semantic reasoning. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated on health documents from a number of aspects, and experimental results are encouraging showing its effectiveness.

In this paper we discuss new type of dimension theory by using N-open sets. We the concept of indX,IndX,dimX, for a topological space X have been studied. In this work, these concepts will be extended by using N-open sets.

Injana Formation is an extensively exposed in Iraq; four cross sections have been chosen from Zawita, Tikrit and Tar Al-Najaf areas.. Systematic sampling has been performed and 24 rock samples were collected to heavy minerals study .The megascopic description in precise details is also attained. Heavy minerals investigation using polarized transmitted light microscopy and depending upon shapes of grains revealed there is intense effect of the Zagros provenance on the Injana sediments at Zawita and Tikrit sections in comparison with its effect on the Tar Al-Najaf sections. This effect proved by the presence of basic rocks on the Injana sediments of Zawita area corroborated with pyroxene and amphibole content which are confirmed by heavy minerals study. This work throws some light on the effects of acidic rocks of Arabian shield as the second provenance on the Injana sediments in the studied areas where it seems that the greater effect of this provenance is on Tar Al-Najaf sediments due to abundance of Zircon and Tourmaline in comparison with Zawita and Tikrit sections.

The current study involves removal of methylene blue dye (MB) from the simulated industrial wastewaters over neat and methyl orange sensitized zinc oxide Sensitization of zinc oxide surface using methyl orange (MO) as a photosensitizer was performed by impregnation method. Surface sensitization with this photosensitizer was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder x- ray diffraction (XRD). Removal of MB dye from aqueous solution was followed by measuring the absorbance of the supernatant liquid at 665 nm. Sensitized zinc oxide with MO showed higher activity in dye removal in comparison with the neat form under the same reaction conditions.

This study included determination of Malondialehyde, Peroxynitrite, vitamin C and vitamin E ,for workers in gas filling company - Branch Middle Euphrates / Hilla Gas factory to investigate the effect of LPG and additive that use to give special properties (smell) thiophene .The workers divided into two groups, the first group (workers of empatting ), the second group (workers of equipment) . The workers divided into three groups based upon the period working at a factory (three months–one year , 2–6 , 7–13 ) years.The results of this research explain increasing levels of MDA and peroxynitrite while decreasing of vit C and vit E . All this results are indictor for influence of LPG on the workers healthy.

This search is including preparation of a new N-substitution maleimide of homopolymer and copolymer by five steps and study antibacterial activity.
1. preparation of azo compound by reaction of the sulfadiazine with 3-aminophenol to produced [ A]
2. preparation of the amic acid by reaction between [A] compound with malic anhydride to produced[B]compound.
3. preparation of the monemer [N-substitution maleimide] by closed the ring and convert the [B]compound to [C] compound by access the acetic anhydride and sodium acetate.
4. preparation of the homopolymer by reaction[C] compound with AIBN as initiator and DMF as a solvent, to produced [D]compound.
5. preparation of the copolymer by reaction[C] compound with acrylamide in found AIBN as initiator and DMF as a solvent, to produced [C]compound.
FT-IR and 1H NMR Spectra and C.H.N.S. analysis which reveals the confirmation of these compounds in good agreement.
The last step includes the study antibacterial activity of some prepared compounds against two types of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram negative).

The research includes preparation ligand from Schiff bases (DMAB) [2,3 - Dimethyl -1-phenyl-4-(benzledene)-3-pyrozoline-5–one] derived from condensation reaction of 4-aminoantipyrene with benzaldehyde .
Complexes of ligand with Fe(III) as symbol (M1) and Cr(III) as symbol (M2) , were prepared. The identity of prepared ligand has been characterized by spectral methods, infrared ray (IR) and measured melting point (m.p.) .
A study of molar conductivity of prepared complex solutions in absolute ethanol solvent at a concentration (1 × 10-3M) and laboratory temperature, the complexity increased the conductivity significantly.
The corrosion rate for ligand and some complexes were measured by polarization curves resulting from readings of Tafel device by using tap water , and calculation the potential and corrosion current , the ligand has a small corrosion current, while the complexity increased of the corrosion current , and compare the results with similar compounds.

Background: Allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction mediated by immunological mechanisms which can be
antibody or cell-mediated.
Objective: This study aims at evaluating serum immunoglobulins A and E levels in patients suffering from
Allergic in comparison with healthy individuals.
Methods: This work was applied on 87 Allergiec patients admitted to the Babylon Center of Allergic and 40
apparently health controls with age range (10-69 years). .
Results:The Immunological parameters showing that there is a significantly increased (p< 0.05) in IgE(448.75)
IU/ml compared to control group (52.11) in age group10-19 and a significantly increased (p< 0.05) in
IgA(380.5) mg/ml compared to control group (110.54 ) in age group 50-59 and no significantly increased (p>
0.05) of E-rosette test level in the allergic patients (32.601%) compared to control group (17.224%) in age group
50-59 years .
Conclusion: We conclude that there is an association of all Allergic IgE level increase it in differant age also
IgA level in serum of Allergic.

Polyaniline (PANI ) was used as a basic material in this research where nano-films of Polyaniline were deposited on n-type silicon wafers. The thickness of the PANI films was controlled by the spin coating process. Different thickness of PANI( 225,107, 90, 74 and 61)nm were obtained by using different spin speed(1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000) rpm, respectively. The current density-voltage(J-V) characteristics were achieved in both light (100 mw/cm2) and dark conditions. The parameters of the photovoltaic samples, that is, open circuit voltage (Voc) ,short–circuit current density (Jsc) ,fill factor (FF),and energy conversion efficiency (ɳ) were calculated. sWe found that the best thickness of PANI film is 107 nm to get best energy conversion efficiency, short–circuit current density and maximum power point .

study of the interaction of laser radiations (Nd-YAG( laser at (1.06µm( wave length with pulse duration (100 µsec) on some solid material )Ag,Au,Sn and CO( by using three dimension function solutions that is laser beam transition function and through this we can study thermal distribution on surface and into materials and thermal dropping into material when the laser beam intensity is steady and variable with time .From research results seem that the thermal distribution into material and on surface is decrease when the laser beam intensity is variable with time . We conclude that the absorption coefficient of material is grater when the interaction process is better. In research we are using matlab 7 program for applications.