JOURNAL OF AL-QALAM UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

The goal of every legal system was and still is to maintain public security in society in a way that guarantees its stability and progress in light of the prevailing economic, social, cultural and political factors...etc. Preserving the rights of individuals and preserving their freedoms are among the objectives of the legal system. Therefore, everything that is considered an attack on the freedoms of individuals is a violation of the legal system and is included within the scope of criminalization and punishment, since a rumor that promotes an event that does not exist in reality or exaggerate its existence and add false, inaccurate and distorted information to this information. The common goal or goal in societies is to undermine the security of those societies and destabilize them. Therefore, the international legal system sought to maintain the security of international communities by introducing a set of international legal rules that limit and address these crimes in order to maintain international security. The negative effects have affected the security of the international community, which requires confronting this danger internationally by preventing and banning any rumors that have an impact on international security.

After modern means of communication have become accessible to everyone, many milestones have changed in our practical and academic lives, but in turn, they have brought with them many family problems. It is often reported that a large percentage of family disintegration cases are caused by social media. Even if social media do not directly destroy the marital relationship, they cause a constant threat. The study also aimed to identify the motives for using social media among students, to identify the actual reality of using social media among students, and to identify the differences in the variables of gender, academic level and age in using social media from the students' point of view. The researcher used the descriptive survey method, and the final sample size was (50) male and female students. The sample was chosen by the stratified random method (SPSS). A questionnaire prepared by the researcher was used, and a conclusion stating the results.

We aim through this research to shed light on the legal system of the holding company, in the light of Law No (17) of 2019, by clarifying the nature of the holding company and the conditions that must be met by this company. The research sheds light on the statement of the characteristics of the company, as well as distinguishing it from other companies that are similar to it. In addition, the research aims to identify the relationship between the holding company and its subsidiary company, and the extent of the responsibility that falls on the holding company for the debts arising from the subsidiary company. The holding company before the issuance of Law No (17) of 2019 did not regulate its provisions in the Iraqi Companies Law No (22) of 1997. The issuance of this law regulating this type of company, which was needed, in order for this company to contribute to achieving the goal that was established by and based on supporting the national economy. This legal regulation is of a special character and is of great importance at the global level because it is one of the methods aimed at economic concentration, through the establishment of large entities that control large-scale commercial sectors in the market.

The rules of conflict in private international law still govern the subject of disputes that may occur within it. The most important of these rules are the rules of attribution, which for a long time were considered within the conflict of laws methodology is the only model according to traditional jurisprudence. However, due to the development taking place in private international law, in addition to the rules of attribution, other rules called substantive rules also appeared. These rules undertake in the national legal system to provide the objective solution to the legal issues to which it is subject, excluding the application of the rules of attribution. Due to the inability of a single one of the previous rules in their traditional concept to cover cases in which a foreign law is determined to govern the legal relationship, although it is a general law, it deals with regulating aspects of economic, social or administrative life, such as monetary laws, social insurance, civil registry organization, and judicial facility Anti-monopoly and other legislation that necessarily affects private law relations. All of these have effects outside the territory of the state, as there was an urgent need for the emergence of a new concept of application of the rules based on the basis of complementarity between them. Through the application, this concept met with rapid success.

The issue of compensating the heirs for the damage they may suffer when their legator dies as a result of an injury caused to a person is one of the important issues in society, as it links civil law and personal status. The matter does not concern the heirs only, but may extend to other people who were supported or assisted by the deceased person, and this will also cause harm to them as a result of the death of this person. From this point of view, it is possible to file a lawsuit against those who caused the damage to them, whether this lawsuit was by the heirs, which is the hereditary lawsuit, or by those who were harmed by other than the heirs, which is the personal lawsuit, regardless of whether the damage inflicted on them is material or moral. But the topic here focuses more on material damage, since the impact will be greater, and then the law allowed them to file a lawsuit because of the damage they suffered.

We conclude from this research that Islamic jurisprudence defined the crime of fraud in a full definition that exceeded the definitions of jurists of man-made laws and made of tricks what are legal and some are illegal, and what are related to the right of Almighty Allah and what is related to the right of the taxpayer, including what is related to belief and transactions and other sections of Islamic jurisprudence. The Islamic Sharia has warned against committing and using this crime and has set deterrent penalties for it to prevent those who tempt themselves to commit it. We have explained in this research and in its first section the concept of fraud and the difference between it and the pretext. As for the second topic, we held it to study the sections of tricks and some examples of legitimate and illegal tricks. In the third topic: We mentioned the rule of tricks, and the pillars of this crime in Islamic Sharia. As for the fourth topic, we studied in it: the penalty for fraud in Islamic jurisprudence and ways to prevent it. The conclusion of the research in which we presented included the most important results of the research and some recommendations.

The basic wisdom on which the legislator took over the criminalization of forgery behavior of all kinds perhaps is the general trust that is supposed to be available in dealing with documents. Anyone who dares to violate this trust must be punished. Among the basic editors available at the present time are credit cards, which today have acquired a large scope of transactions in society, especially financial transactions and money circulation, and the speed and ease of movement in order to serve them. With regard to the interest protected in the crimes of forgery of ordinary (paper) documents, whether official or unofficial, the same wisdom is in protecting the interest in a credit card. Although there are certain opinions that refuse to consider credit cards as liberated, the most correct opinion is that they are considered liberated and hence the possibility of fraud. The forgery on it has a special nature that derives from the nature of the credit card itself. Therefore, we find that the matter requires the legislator to prosecute the phenomena of forgery that can be pursued and addressed, and to bridge the gap between legislation based on physical reality only and electronic transactions of all kinds, and the means of these transactions, including credit cards

This research seeks to measure the level of job burnout, as well as reveal the role of internal job transfer for human resources in reducing the phenomenon of job burnout among workers at Haditha General Hospital in Anbar Governorate. To achieve the objectives of the research, the descriptive analytical method was used in dealing with theoretical and applied research data, and a questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The data was processed statistically using the statistical program (SPSS V. 25). The research sample consisted of (32) employees in Haditha General Hospital. The results of the research showed a positive, statistically significant correlation between job transfer and job burnout for the sample. The results also showed that there is a direct effect relationship between the functional transfer and the functional combustion of the studied sample. The research came out with a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that there is a value for internal job transfer in reducing the phenomenon of job burnout that may face workers in Haditha General Hospital. The research presented a set of proposals, the most important of which is to enhance the awareness of the hospital administration in question of the importance and role of internal job transfer for human resources in addressing most of the work pressures that cause the phenomenon of job burnout.

The issue of administrative control has a special importance among the topics of administrative law due to its relationship and its direct impact on the freedoms of individuals. The expansion of the state's intervention in various cultural, economic, social and health fields has led to the growing role of the administrative control authorities to keep pace with this intervention and development in the state's tasks. If the administrative control authorities have this role in normal circumstances, it expands greatly in exceptional circumstances, that is, when the country is exposed to crises, wars, natural disasters and deadly epidemics (such as the Covid-19), whether these conditions are internal or have external repercussions. Here, a kind of relative imbalance may occur in the principle of separation of powers, and the power is concentrated in the hands of the executive authority in order to confront this present and grave danger. This may lead to business interruption in certain legal rules applicable in normal circumstances. It may come to suspending the constitution temporarily in order to protect society and the state, as the safety of the state and society is above everything. What prompted us to research this topic was the scarcity of research that dealt with the topics related to it. So we decided that the research plan should be the nature of administrative control, as well as exceptional circumstances, and a statement of the conditions for applying this theory and the impact of these circumstances on the authorities of the administration and the pillars of the administrative decision and judicial oversight over them.

Praise be to Allah, whose grace unfolds adversity, praise Him, glory be to Him, and thank Him for all the benefits, and I bear witness that there is no god but Allah alone without partner, and I bear witness that our Master Muhammad Abdullah and His Messenger, and his family, companions and those who followed them in goodness to the Day of Judgment.In the conclusion of this research, we can summarize our findings with these points:1- The first topic included the meaning of interpretation, and that the Noble Qur’an is a miraculous book in all its aspects, and among its miracles is its collection of precise and numerous meanings in a brief pronunciation. This is from the perfection of his greatness, which is why the interpretation needs to clarify these obvious and hidden meanings.2- One of the most important things I record in this conclusion is the great care that the Holy Qur’an was given at the hands of scholars, who spent their lives serving it, reciting it and explaining it, and defending its life until works reached us in its interpretation, so may God reward them with the best reward.3- From here, the importance of the study of interpretation emerges, as it is one of the branches of Islamic education. Like any course, it needs a method of teaching and adopting all contemporary and modern directives in the field of teaching; Exploiting all developments, technical components and electronic scientific means in a way that enhances and achieves the desired goals, and makes teaching an easy and beneficial task.4- Therefore, teaching methods must be varied, as it is impossible to follow one method, but students need diversity, because it has a great impact in attracting students to learn. The research contains many of these methods.5- Interpretation has objectives that the student should reach to achieve, including instilling the concepts of faith and that the Qur’an is the word of God and the constitution of Muslims in their world, and it is good for all people.6- If we want a successful lesson in teaching tafsir, a lesson plan must be drawn up. Lesson planning is one of the basic skills and main competencies for teachers. It also helps them to perform their work effectively and efficiently, and make good use of time and its distribution. The research included an outline of a daily plan for teaching some verses of the Noble Qur’an, with an emphasis on the elements of the basic plan that usually consist of the daily plan.7- Finally, this research shows us the extent of the necessity to follow modern methods of teaching interpretation and to complete all other branches of Islamic education with study and investigation. We believe that the subject of Islamic education needs more attention in its teaching because it develops the religious determination of students.In conclusion, we hope to Allah Almighty that we have succeeded in presenting this topic, and we have reached our goal.

Information has become the raw material that organizations are racing to obtain, especially in the era of the digital economy, which relies on information to the degree necessary to ensure its survival and continuity in competitive markets. At the same time, this information can be exposed to many risks that threaten its security and safety, and thus threaten the success of the organization. Hence, it has become necessary to protect this information by relying on various means and tools, including relying on information security governance, specifically trying to implement and comply with the requirements of the international standard ISO17799. Based on the foregoing, the research aims to measure the readiness of Internet service companies to govern the security of their information and to try to compare two of the largest companies working in this field in terms of their application of the requirements of the international standard ISO 17799, namely Al-Liqaa Net Company, and Speed Way in Kirkuk. The research concluded with a set of conclusions, on the basis of which some suggestions were made

This paper presents a review of the literature related to the three infrastructures of knowledge management, total quality management, and institutional innovation performance. It also provides literary support for the four hypotheses tested in the study. The next chapter presents the methods and methodology used to collect data for the study, which are analyzed in chapter four.

The research is entitled (Sentence models in the Kurdish language according to the generative theory). The research deals with the stages that the sentence structure has gone through in the Kurdish language according to the stages that the generative theory has gone through and the changes that occurred in the term (the sentence head) or the central component of the sentence. Since the publication of the book (Syntactic Structures - 1957) by Noam Chomsky, the first stage of crystallizing the grammatical structure of the sentence began, after which the grammatical structure of the sentence underwent changes. The issue of the sentence head is one of the issues that the theory was concerned with in its stages. The change also occurred in the Kurdish language according to the changes that occurred to the structure of the sentence in the generative theory. The question (which component of the sentence should take the position of the sentence head?) was a fundamental question. According to the theory stages, the component that takes the position of the sentence head has changed in the Kurdish language.Since the first stage, the position of the sentence head was (S), and many researchers took that structure of the sentence as a universal-universal structure for all languages, including the Kurdish language. At another stage, especially with the publication of Chomsky's books on the theory of (Government and Binding), (S) was considered as the head of the sentence from the problems that do not agree with the X-bar theory and the principle (each statement should have a head from within its components), so several changes occurred at the head of the sentence. At some point, the actual phrase took the position of the sentence head. Then the principle of derivational components that follow the actual phrase (time and agreement) appeared as a component that replaced the position of the sentence head.At another stage, according to the principle of the splitting of derivational components, the idea emerged which of the two derivational components could take the position of the head of the sentence. Therefore, two trends emerged: one of them emphasized the component of time, and the other took the component of agreement as the head of the sentence. The introduction of one of the two components is adopted according to the languages and the structure of the actual phrase in that language. In the Kurdish language, the head of the sentence passed through those stages that were mentioned according to the temporal stages of the generative theory. And the last stage that the researchers took as a sentence model in the Kurdish language was the AgrP model.

Nostalgia is an important human subject, this concept means returning to the past, worrying about distance and returning home. Of course, writing, researching, and talking about the concept of nostalgia as a concept shared by psychology and most other sciences in general and literature in particular is a rather difficult work that needs to be read and fully aware of the history of its emergence, use, definition, and multidimensional meaning. Nostalgia is the longing for people, place or time, and feelings of longing and sadness are manifested. Many feel nostalgic, but few show it. Nostalgia is a feeling that controls a person and makes him wish for the return of days, the past and beautiful memories, and he sees the world as empty of what is beautiful. Nostalgia exists in human nature, and in this article we will present to you the most beautiful of what was said about longing. The study is based on two main sections and several axes: The first part contains the concept, definition and history of the emergence of nostalgia and its types in literature. The second part is a practical part dedicated to talking about nostalgia in the poems of Sheikh Nuri Sheikh Saleh.

The discussion about faith passed through different stages and was affected by many attitudes, most notably the Kharijes and the Murji’ah concerning of belief and action with the organs of human; And the perpetrator of the great sin, the self and the attributes, these problems appeared at the end of the first century and the beginning of the second century this in one hand. On the other hand, the meeting of Islam with other religions and civilizations was one of the external factors. Therefore, the formulation of theology among the theological sects and the establishment of its origins and rules were ambiguous with the historical reality in which the theologians lived, and these differences resulted in the conflict between the sects and the schools. Atonement and postponement, but the scholars of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah had a great role in explaining all these ideological breaches and abnormaland, All these opinions have been clarified from the perspective of the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and the scholars of the nation .