URUK FOR HUMANITIES

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and may God’s prayers be upon our Master Muhammad and his pure and immaculate family: The research deals with a brief explanation of the concept of repetition among linguists, textualists, and critics, and sheds light on its function in drawing the listener’s attention to the importance of repeated speech, and the purposes for which speech is repeated. The research also shows the importance of repetition in achieving coherence and connection between parts of speech. Then the research goes on to explain the types of repetition that textualists have divided into four sections: repeating the same element, quasi-synonymy, comprehensive word, and general word. Finally, it analyzes models from the Diwan and explains the types of repetition that appear in it; and explains its role in achieving coherence between parts of those texts.

The names of the Messenger were mentioned, and five of them were the name of a Surah (Al-Muzzammil, Al-Muddaththir, Yasin, Taha, Muhammad). Each of these names of the Surahs had a radiance on the entire Surah that was in harmony with God Almighty addressing him with this name and in harmony with the content of the Surah on the one hand and the order of the Surah’s revelation and the reason for its revelation on the other hand. As for naming him (Abdullah) in Surah Al-Jinn, that shows the comprehensiveness of his prophethood - may God bless him and his family - and that God Almighty chose him so that his prophethood would include the universe with all its being from mankind and jinn. Then naming him (Ahmad) was to show his great status with God and that God Almighty made his coming a good tiding for the worlds because of what this coming includes of mercy for the worlds.

Replacement in the appendix in the Holy Quran - study in light of the text. Assist. Prof. Dr.:Turath Hakeem Malik Researcher: Akeel Jassim Mohammed Abstract This research sought to demonstrate the manifestations of the agreement and harmony of the text of the Koran and the cohesion of its structure and provisions and the proportion of parts by following the appendix in the text of the Koran and include in this section all the linguistic and linguistic, The text of the Qur'an and the verification of the substitution element is one of the components of consistency. It is a picture of the textual coherence that takes place at the grammatical and lexical level between words or phrases. It is a process that takes place within the text and the orbit of this study is a section called the appendix by employing the text method in the appendix texts Quranic text in the text that the substitution is understood in the textual interdependence and includes the grammatical and lexical level between the vocabulary and phrases that is done through what the substitution in the consistency of text through the relationship between the element and the substituted and the substituted element which is a tribal relationship between the previous element and a subsequent element in the text . The importance of substitution is due to the fact that it achieves text by noting that the substitution elements "the reference name in the previous text or preceding it and dispensing with the return of previous text units is a tribal relation between a previous element" and a subsequent element in the text and the replacement is divided into nominal substitution , The actual, and the saying "each one of these works on the interdependence of the text through the contribution of both" verb and actor, name and conscience, composition, saying, etc. "in turn the text to play its role in the textual agreement to show the text and the meaning in it.

This research seeks to converge the publications of some Iraqi writers in the political affairs on Facebook, they are poets, novelists and journalist, who gave the political aspects a great deal in their literary, media and intellectual productions. They didn’t miss the events that took place in the country on their pages on facebook. Their pages look like tubes that you can get the news, articles , political analysis and contributions that play the vital role in enlightening people in sensitive and fatefulissues. Their activities on facebook led to attract thousands of followers. They were a phenomenon worthy of standing, attention and study at a time when criticism was no longer absent from any field of knowledge or communication especially the political issue in the forefront of Iraqi priorities.

Indicative reproduction For the poetic image in the pendants Pendant of Lubied bin Rubiaa as a sample
The poetic image has been considered in the past and currently as an indicative norm for interrogating the conscious experience internally and externally from various sides including those related to its reality itself. It formed in the poet’s imagination and is woven in its reproduction format the membership unit of the poem implemented via its rhetorical ingredients, deliberation and the interpretation in its topic simulation dramatically connected with the poet self and which represented in its fusion in the experience of Aton.
On the other side, the poetic image is connected with the total indication, so that the reproduction was a logical trait in its formation systems and emission on both superficial and deep structural level in which every image hides in itself a nucleus of another image keeping up the psychological formation of the total meaning phases. Consequently, this lead us to negate of the accusation that the membership unit in the pre-Islamic poem is nihilistic, especially if it represented in the pendants in general and in this pendant in specific where the poet has the ability to invest the image formation for the meaning.

Linguistic Criticism of Dr. Ahmed Mukhtar Omar
Peoples s' speed and writing s' become fnll of mistakes in the modern age. Thus, linguists reject such mistakes and try to direct People s' attention towards the Cored. Use of language.
Ahmed Mukhtar Omar is one of those who are lnterested in Purifying language and Call for Connecting Arabic language with life b.y accepting a lot of expressions, utterances and modern styles Since they have Arabic Origin. He tries to make Arabic language understandable to all literates The research aims at Surveying linguistic Criticism of Ahmed Mukhtar. The most important Conclusion the research arrives at is that Dr.Ahmed Mukhtar follows the standard method through applying his standards on all speakers whether writers or broad Casters.

The communicative function in the poetic text is not limited to the deliberative dimension, but also includes the cultural and the seminal dimension. Its basic elements, such as context, intentionality, acceptability and tolerance, carry semantic and interpretive indicators as well as deliberative indicators if the semantic structure interacts with the communicative function in the production of the discourse, especially the interaction between the indicative evidence and the verb On the one hand, and between objectivity and objectivity or objective structure on the other. The communicative function of the text provides the integrated perspective - linguistic / communicative / cognitive - an effective procedural tool in the analysis of the communicative dimension of texts in a way that integrates textual features Subdivision according to a structured textual analysis model.

This is a study of the poetry of the language in the novel: (2084 the story of the last Arab) from wasini alarag, aims to reveal the manifestations of the poetry of language in the novel text (2084 - the story of the last Arab); because of the language of importance in the work novel, especially when they have poetic features approaching In addition to language, rhythm and image. It expands the work spaces of the novel and deepens its meanings and elevates the narrative work to the poetry. It also reflects the skill of the creator and his ability to employ the language and adapt it according to special data and artistic contexts with different structures indicating the place and symbolizing what he wants to express It is towards the mell This is what the research sought to talk about and explain it, relying on the analytic technical approach to highlight what is in the language of the narrative text of poetic features.

The study of cities is one of the most important studies in history, especially the Western Islamic Cities, whose people had great influence in spreading the true religion in the countries of Asia, specifically India and the Sindh, through their material and moral support to the Islamic armies. Al-Maqdisee described to them in his book (Ahsan Al-Taqaseem) are the good people, and the core science, and they are very strong, and they have truthful opinion, and most of them are honors and scientists. This led us to study the intellectual life in the city of Ghazna, where we focused on the arrivals of this city of scientists and writers, and the reasons for their coming to this city, and their scientific and intellectual contributions to enrich the intellectual life of this city.

The Ottomans have given great importance to facilitating the task of delivering orders and instructions issued by the authorities and the central administration and receiving state mail throughout its vast areas of influence in the continents of Asia, Europe and Africa.
In light of this importance, the Postal and Telegraph Department was inaugurated in the state of Yemen, which is one of the large administrative units when it returned to Ottoman rule again in 1872, which facilitated the control of the central government, mobilizing the military forces and directing them to areas of turbulence, The promotion of business and the dissemination of activity and speed in correspondence and facilitate the contact of traders with each other.

The African continent has continued to draw attention to successive Soviet governments and at any historical stage، due to the nature of Soviet interests on the continent. In addition، US governments have also attracted the attention of the African continent and the same considerations. There is no doubt that a number of transformations and factors have taken place in the region since the early sixties of the twentieth century، when most African countries gained independence and undoubtedly the efforts of Soviet
governments to activate their role on the continent. came in the context of the confirmation of the Soviet Union in the political map after the Second World War
Therefore، the new formula of the relationship between the countries of the African continent and the Soviet Union is positive for both parties، offset by US interventions in the affairs of these countries، as the continent became the subject of the ideological conflict between the camps of East and West، and cause chaos and instability in them.

The Kurds have a history full of events and conflicts. They live in a geographically contiguous region in four countries (Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria), but they never had an independent country with certain political boundaries. They entered the struggle of the Ottoman and Safavid empires. Then the Ottoman state's conflict with Britain and the Allied countries, which ended with the division of Kurdistan into four sections after the First World War.
The importance of this topic focused on the Kurds in Syria or the so-called Western Kurdistan, which is the fourth section that falls within the Syrian border, given the importance of this region of Kurdistan and the lack of literature about them, the Kurds lived on the Syrian island and then increased the number of migration from Turkey, and participated in the Syrian revolution and the establishment of the modern Syrian state, emerged among them leaders and intellectuals who contributed to the building of the modern state.
The study dealt with three topics. The first topic dealt with the social identity and the social composition of the Kurds, the origin of the Kurds and their homeland, the geography of the area they inhabit, their religion, languages and dialects, as well as their number in general or their number in Syria.
The second topic discussed the Kurds in Syria and how the division of the region and the agreements that led to the division, how the Kurds expanded in Syria as a result of emigration from Turkey and then the beginning of the Kurdish national movement in Syria and the establishment of the Kurdish parties.
The third topic dealt with the participation of the Kurds in the establishment of the modern Syrian state and what they went through during successive governments over Syria. And then began to introduce a number of Kurdish political figures. Which contributed to the Kurdish movement and the establishment of Kurdish parties, and then introduced a number of those parties.
At the end of the study, a number of sources were presented.

The study of state is of great importance for the geographical – political studies since it represents a political and social entity . It's existence requires the availability of its basic pillars ( the people, the region, and the authority) . It is responsible for carrying out its functions, which represent the main, sole and justified purpose of its existence . In addition, the quality of its performance for its internal and external functions is the measure of its efficiency and sustainability . The states that are subject to setbacks and obstacles in the performance of their functions are described by several terms, the most important of which is the term '' fragile state '' . Such term has a semantic power in describing the efficiency of the state in providing the needs of its population as well as to meet their aspirations . Thus, their sustainability as a country or the possibility of its collapse depends on these aspects, which entails considerable risks at the local and international levels, which is widely used to describe ( weak state , vulnerable state, failed state, failing state, collapsed state, instable state, state of crisis and recovering etc. ) From such terms, two triggers emerged the declaration of Millennium Development Goals and the events of September 11, 2001. As a result, several indicators emerged, including progress in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) of the World Bank, the Fragile State Index (FSI) of Fund For peace, as well as the Organization for Economic Co – operation and Development (OECD). These indicators were used for two purpose : assisting States, reducing the negative effects of crises, and / or defaming those countries in order to justify hostile policies towards them by the major powers.

This paper investigates the attitude of Islam and law towards random housing on sidewalks and yards … etc which became as a prevailing phenomenon in most cities of the word including Basra . The reasons behind this phenomenon are : increase of population , the small number available of housing units , stores and markets for long periods of time and weakness of municipality control to enforce the effective law . The majority of those who do not adhere to law are also violating religious rules . Also This subject is not mentioned as negative in mosques , Hussaingat and the media to clarify it . All the above – mentioned reasons make violators continue in their wrong doing without any concern to religion or law . Consequently , random housing is continuously leading to more enviro-nmental , political , social and moral problems .

The Spatial Mobility of the Capital of the Abbasid State/
The location that offers the requirements for the establishment of the state and achieving its political, military and commercial objectives is a location of great importance; the location is a result of the local value, the vitality of the geographical location is an extension of the value of the vital position. The study aims to show the importance of vital locations to the emergence and survival of capitals. The study has reached at several results the most important of which is that the value of the place changes depending on the change of its spatial characteristics, the place flourishes at some time to exercise its effective role, or it may be weakened, which affects its borders limits.

The research addressed the study of noise levels emitted from some human activities in the cities of Nasiriyah and Souq Al-Shuyukh. The activities were industrial and activities emanating from means of transportation and everything related to some crafts practiced by people in the two cities. The research concluded that noise pollution is widespread in many areas of the two cities alike, and industrial activities recorded the highest noise level, especially from the production units of the Nasiriyah power plant and the oil refinery, as the sounds emitted from them exceeded the permissible limits and became a source of noise pollution.

The research aims at studying the primacy of Al-Samawa city over other cities in Al-Muthanna province. The study has been done via using certain parameters that can be used to measure such primacy. It is shown that there is a high concentration of population in Al-Samawa city according to the census of 2016. Moreover, urban system in Al-Muthanna province is characterized by the phenomenon of the primate city, i.e. Al-Samawa city, which contains a high rate of population, small urban centres as well as the absence of the hierarchical gradation. The reverse pattern of primacy is the urban balance, which is measured by the rank-size rule, is not predominant in Al-Muthanna province because the size of the primate city, i.e. Al-Samawa city, largely exceeds the size of the next largest city in this province. Additionally, the same result is achieved by applying other parameters of urban primacy such as the priority parameter and Jefferson parameter. All these parameters affirm that there is no urban balance in Al-Muthanna province; instead, there is an increasing urban variation between Al-Samawa city and other cities in the province. Finally, certain procedures are recommended to achieve balancing in population distribution.

The study examined the port of Baghdad in the south to study the movement of vehicles entering the city of Baghdad and types of goods and quantities and the ease and smoothness of this movement and the most important obstacles and negatives that impede the flow of vehicles and passengers and goods transported through the field study and meetings conducted by the researcher with a number of officials and drivers and individuals.
The study conducted by the researcher for the period (2014 - 2017) shows that the entrance does not suit and does not raise the proper appearance that represents the capital of Baghdad with all its cultural and cultural heritage over the ages and it lacks many elements and qualifications that facilitate the speed and ease of the flow of vehicles and passengers These elements and qualifications are distributed between the infrastructure and regulations, laws and coordination between the Directorate of external traffic and security devices, which reflected negatively on the driver and passenger and the goods transported and compound.
The field study showed that the strategic cereals were one of the most materials entering the city for the period from 2014 to 2017. It was ranked first in the ranking of the most quoted materials (20621210) tons / year followed by fruits and vegetables in the second rank, it got (13946732) ton / year In the third place, construction materials (10524178) tons / year were obtained, followed by the rest of the materials respectively. The number of passengers entering the capital Baghdad reached (5192) passengers / hour and the vehicles have reached (2850) vehicles / hour.

Unemployment or malfunction is words which have the same meaning, the unemployment of falsehood in the sense of evil and misguidance. Unemployment also comes from the holidays and corruption as well as imperfection. Unemployment is one of the common problems of most societies, since society cannot be free of this phenomenon. Unemployment has several definitions, but pours into one package to feel that the recipient phenomenon is a socio-economic phenomenon is able to work and willing but cannot find it. In spite of, the broad and wide scope of this concept, it may include men in Arab societies in particular, despite the fact that women enter the field of work as a man who is the first breadwinner of his family or who is primarily responsible for meeting the needs of his family. Crime is a criminal act or behavior punishable by law and rejected by social traditions because it harms society. Unemployment has a real role in the creation of offense particularly the crime of assaulting money if supported by other factors, as it is considered a motive of crime. The study concluded which employment is a phenomenon that is present in most human societies, especially Muthanna province, which has a significant impact on crime events when the factors are obtainable.

The objective of preparing statistical maps of the population of Qadisiyah Governorate is that the success of this type of maps depends on the balance of elements composed of the system of shading and gradations and the system of points and the number of categories of numerical number of the phenomenon studied. The research was based on traditional cartographic methods in the preparation of maps and use them ARC GIS, While addressing the commands available in the software to provide a more accurate and visually visual mapping of the map reader.
The research through the representation of cartography in the way(Corobolth) to the need to accurately select the number of categories of statistical data in view of the highest value and the lowest value, as well as the researcher several experiments to clarify the variance in the distribution by administrative units as the categories must begin and end with numbers rounded or zero .And the choice of a quantitative radius suitable for one point and according to the highest and lowest value and the area of the geographical area distributed to them, the administrative units, as well as to choose the size of the point, ensuring the lack of cohesion or lack of clarity and dispersion. Choose the length of the column or the size of the proverb or circle according to the scale. The research was based on a full explanation of the method of work based on the program of taking pictures from the computer screen free using the prtsc key in the keyboard of the computer, which saves an image of all the display on the screen and open the paint program, and paste the image and save the extension jpg.

The present study aims to , spatial variation of radioactive pollution levels in AL Muthanna province , to study the level of radioactivity in the province of AL Muthanna , by selecting the background radiation for various locations of the province represented by[AL – Khudhr district , AL – Najmi district (Msieidh village) and Besah district , district AL – Salman to three sites (Hdanih , Chaoui , Rifai) , & Samawah city for three sites (Alkhaforh , Scrap site , the asphalt factory ) using a detector radiation mobile device type (Inspector EXP, US origin) , as well as samples test of soils and water to the mentioned area and analyzed with the help from AL- Muthanna of environment Directorate . The results showed the presence of radioactivity in Muthanna province , which is within the permissible limits except Alkhaforh site who approached the non-reducing safe level reached (0.9 mR / hr) by the presence of military vehicles came to blows rocket loaded with nuclear warheads during the 2003 war, as recorded soils same location the highest level radioactivity was (0.08 mR / hr), while the maximum radioactivity activity in the waters of the study area (0.022 mR / hr) in Msieidh village but within the permissible limits.

In the marsh environment, various microorganisms,microscopes, vertebrates and crustaceans exist. They are a food resource for attracting a number of migratory fish and birds from different regions of the world as they represent the food chain that works to achieve the so-called natural balance.
The marshland is one of the world's most biodiversity-rich areas. It is a rest and warmth station and provides food for different types of migratory birds, including flamenco, with water and a wide variety of vegetation.
Flamenco is one of the most important birds that reach the marshes in the winter due to its warmth. However, the bird faces a real problem of extinction due to overfishing by local marshes and fishers due to lack of environmental awareness and lack of law enforcement. In order for the Marshlands environment to remain rich in biodiversity, it requires decision makers to take a range of measures that contribute to curbing this phenomenon, such as enforcing environmental laws and imposing severe penalties on those who infringe and promote awareness, environment and culture among the population.

The limits of the influence of Herbert Spencer's Educational and Ethical Philosophy is not limited to the thought of its country Britain, but also reached to America. Therefore, our research target is to show the influence of Spencer on American thought, and to achieve the target, the research is prepared as follows:
In the first topic was devoted to the impact of the philosophy of Spencer educational at American thinkers, the second part is to study the impact of Spencer's educational philosophy on pragmatic philosophy.

Current research focuses on teaching reformation of mechanical technologies department at Basrah Technical Institute because of the importance of this specialty to interact with current phase variables and then communicate with modern Informatics and technological wealth objective measuring renewable demonstrated through descriptive research methodology The identification of a number of paragraphs as a research tool was presented to experts in education and psychology to know its sincerity and distinct statistical, variable results were obtained, which guide the researcher to a number of proposals and recommendations.

Confidentiality is one of the most important requirements in the arbitration process and is usually referred to as one of the advantages of international commercial arbitration. Confidentiality can be considered in many respects, but this study will examine the final aspect of confidentiality, ie the issue of whether or not to disclose an arbitral award. Where the systematic publication of international commercial arbitration decisions was a violation of confidentiality and an undermining of the arbitral process. However, in the opposite direction, the publication of arbitration decisions served as a basis for the development of arbitration and the substantive areas of the law, and therefore the issue remained a fertile ground for conflict of opinion. Therefore, the study seeks to demonstrate the effective approach that is compatible between the two conflicting tendencies and recommend adopting this approach in the field of international trade after the arbitration institutions adopt it to enhance the role of international commercial arbitration as an ideal way to settle disputes.

Today, women and children in Iraq face a daily suffering that cannot be compared in any way with their peers anywhere else. The years of war and the abhorrent occupation that Iraq has experienced have painted a tragic painting whose colors are mixed with the worst scenes of violence and destruction, and the scenes of grief and the daily pain that afflict the hundreds of thousands of Iraqi children and women who were and still at the forefront of the war victims.
These tragedies have created a social reality affecting most segments of Iraqi society, resulting in many of the social and economic problems that Iraq has witnessed in its ancient and modern history. One of the most prominent of these problems is the problem of the marriage of minors who are at the forefront of these challenges and dangers that threaten the future of childhood and women in our contemporary Iraqi society.
For the importance of this problem and the seriousness of the family and the community as a whole, this study sought to identify the social and economic conditions and factors behind them as well as identify the negative effects resulting from it through the field study of a sample of (120) of a married minors who live in Al-qadisiyah governorate .The researcher used an interview form that obtained a high degree of sincerity and consistency.
The results of the study showed:
1. The study revealed the responsibility of the troubled security and political conditions that Iraq is going through in terms of the dire economic conditions of a large number of Iraqi families and the high rates of unemployment and poverty. This led the impoverished families, motivated by physical destitution and poverty, to marry their minor daughters in order to get rid of the burden and responsibility of their financial support. Under this difficult circumstance.
2. There is a strong relationship between the problem of marriage of minors and drop out of education. The results of the study revealed the low level of education for all the respondents because the marriage of minors is an obstacle in the way of completion of the girl's course of study and this means depriving society of half of its human resources, which is in dire need of it.
3. There are large age differences between couples and wives resulted in significant problems for the couple due to the lack of harmony and harmony between the psychological and emotional.
4. The minor is exposed to negative effects in all aspects of psychological, social, health, physical, economic, educational and legal due to the young age of the girl and lack of expertise and skills and abilities that enable them to assume the responsibilities of this marriage.
The study recommended that the responsible bodies:
1- Develop a comprehensive development plan in which all the state agencies and institutions will participate in eradicating poverty and alleviating its negative effects on poor sectors and developing a comprehensive plan to eliminate this problem and address its causes.
2- Apply the legal age for marriage and not allow the marriage contract except in cases stipulated by the law and work to amend the laws and legislations in force in this regard and punish parents who deny girls access to different stages of education.