Iraqi Journal For Economic Sciences

The public finance reform in Iraq requires taking many procedures from Iraqi government. These procedures consist of two parts; one of them reforms the government expenditure and another reform the government revenue. The government has to reorganize its expenditures and reduce it as a percent of GDP, by allowing policy take care of the low income families. Meanwhile, the government has to reconstruction its revenue by searching for new methods to increase it especially in tax revenue side. This strategy would make the role of the government more efficient and definite and with obvious target in economy.

The food card is approach to support purchasing power individuals , that the consumer will receive quantities of foods in order To help them to rise their welfare.
The concept of this system contain another variables which related to this system ,as the age distribution and gender-distribution and the functional distribution and the income, official distribution income distribution.there for system may be increase the purchasing power for our consumer

Poverty is a complex concept that includes economic, social, political, cultural and environmental dimensions; it’s a situation of deprivation that reflected in the consumption of less food and low level of health and achievements of education, also poor housing conditions and a shortage of financial assets, capital and savings. All of these factors make the individual or family have a severe sensitivity to changes and foreign shocks.
Many attempts was developed at the beginning of the last decade of the last century - with the increased attention to human development - the defining, investigating and measuring of poverty. The goal of this research is to clarify the theoretical concepts on the one hand, and try to survey the status of poverty and the poor in Iraq on the other hand; leading to better economic policies can limit the phenomenon of poverty.

The relative advantage and the gift of source are not longer enough to execute the international exchange .However, there are group of determinants must be taken to create competitive advantage, which are the basic to perform the international exchange .Therefore, the developing countries which seek to achieve progress and development have to take in account these determinants in order to promote the competitive ability into international market .

The theme of the scourge of unemployment in human societies is not the result of hours whether at the international level in general or on the level of Iraq in particular. Since many researchers wrote and discussed this subject, and they reached to satisfactory results. The reason for interest in this subject is because it affects human life because of their economic damage as does the low-income or not and therefore lower spending on health leading to a decline in production in the event of his return to work. As well as damage to social and psychological sense is an unemployed frustration and lack of self-confidence and sense of belonging to their homeland over the size of the offences and family and social disintegration .
Therefore, the objective of the research was to identify the reality of unemployment in the
governorates of Iraq and know the differences in unemployment rates between the governorates and size between work and assess trends and the expectations for in 2012 of the workforce in the governorates of Iraq
Research results showed that there was an increase in the total unemployment rate seems clear from in 2005 (33.37%) even in 2006 and (38.1%), and this refers to aggravate the unemployment crisis and the large unemployed to work and entrants to the labor market. Highest rate and the contribution of labor power to Iraqi population in the governorates are located in the governorates of Babel and it by percentage (%17) from the population of Babel which is a reasonable percentage compared to the number of population, while the minimum rate of contribution in the governorates of Diyala was rate it (%7) of the population of Diyala.





As for the volume of labor power total in 2000 was about (10600713) employed and unemployed. While the expected in 2012 about (14958474) employed and unemployed. Show that there is an annual increase in the volume of unemployment in governorates Iraq amount it (59905) unemployed work and able to work, looking for work and no finds. Unemployment in the southern and northern governorates is compulsory unemployment, because it could at least partially solve from through government
One of the most important research proposals is that the government of its responsibility towards the unemployed youth to work especially graduates of them through the creation and implementation of investment projects in different economic sectors in the governorates which (relatively safe) compared with the Central governorates
And the work to develop the skills of the unemployed through training sessions in the governorates of Iraq and of various specialties with the Ministries of Youth and Sports and Labor and Social Affairs.

Economic theory indicates that the inequality in income distribution has negative impact upon poverty level, Yet, however, there are no studies show the relationship in an econometric model enables the decision maker to know the impact of inequality in income distribution in poverty levels, on the other hand, the time series data isn’t available about poverty line and on the rate of inequality in income distribution. This study tries to measure such relationship between poverty and inequality distribution through estimates time series of poverty line and Gini coefficient. In addition, the study attempts to evaluate the anti policies adopted by Iraqi government to eliminate poverty and inequality.

This essay focuses on contemporary International Political Economy IPE science. IPE today widely appreciated and the subject of much theoretical research and applied policy analysis. The political actions of nation-states clearly affect international trade and monetary flows, which in turn affect the environment in which nation-states make political choices and entrepreneurs, make economic choices. It seems impossible to consider important questions of International Politics or International Economics without taking these mutual influences and effects into account .Both economic (market) and political (state) forces shape outcomes in international economic affairs. The interplay of these and their importance has increased as “globalization” has proceeded in recent years. Today’s Iraq faces many political, economic and social complex challenges, thus its openness and its integration into the global economy are necessary to overcome political and economic transition’s obstacles. This required an analysis within the frame of IPE to help economists, policy makers and civil society understand how economic and political conditions around the world impact present and future development in Iraq. The nature of dynamic interaction between state ( power-politic) and market ( wealth- economy) in changing globalized world will led in Iraq post – conflict country that their parallel existence often create tensions and greater economic and social role for the state. Iraq’s today face three main challenges; political challenge, financial resources challenge, and finally economic reforms challenges. Mixed economy for Iraq is perfect to move into a liberal economic system open to the global market conflict.