Iraqi Journal For Economic Sciences

Due to the high cost of financing the university on one hand and the high demand for enrollment in the university the other hand, due to the worsening burden of funding and lack of Resources -governmental organizations dedicated to the higher education sector has become important to shed light on this problem so study aimed to find additional sources of funding to meet the needs of educational institutions have been discussing the subject through the following points : 1 - The reality of government funding and challenges 2 - the reality of government spending and challenges 3 - proposed alternatives for the development of university funding system of government

The electronic banking has been entered the field of Iraqi banking sector since 2005 , but it's still in it's beginning , but they may face some obstacles and risks which impede their work .
This study aims at identifying and exploring the essence and the nature of electronic banking services provided by Iraqi commercial banks, moreover , it attempts to analyze and evaluate the obstacles, risks and elements for the prosperity of electronic banking in Iraq , to achieve the aim of this study , it has been using data collection tools from the questionnaire directed to the managers and employees of all specialists in online banking for selected sample of Iraq banks operating business in Baghdad and after analyzing the result using a statistical analysis "spss" program , the study has been reached numbers of conclusions , the most important of which there are some obstacles and risks such as lack of familiarity with e-service customers , non to provide an environmentally technical infrastructure , the absence of regulations to protect dealers which limiting the use of electronic banking, the study concluded with some recommendations , such as the need to expand the use of electronic banking for all Iraq commercial banks , moreover , the need to spread the publication of electronic banking culture between banking customers .

The electricity sector is the main pillar of the national economy, and that the development of various economic sectors must rely on it as input in all economic activities.
The individual consumption rate of electricity is an important criterion in assessing the level of welfare of the individual and society.
The power crisis in Iraq has been accumulated after decades of destruction caused by the policies of the previous political system, and the apparent corruption after 2003. This has led to large spending amounted to more than 40 billion dollars annually due to lack of electricity, In addition to environmental pollution and damage to public health.
The problem of electricity described as dysfunctional relationship between decreasing electrical energy and the demand for electricity, which is growing at an increasing rate.
The research aims to analyze the reality of the electricity sector and its potential, as well as the development of our future vision for it until 2017.

The existence of systems of Islamic banking trend is not new nor heresy to say it is a fact exist in the economic system and Islamic world. Since established the idea of Islamic banks and the mechanics work on the basis of the deal is usurious Therefore, methods of dealing differ in Islamic banks than it is in conventional banks, including not contrary to the ethical aspects .
Having become Islamic banks and reality to deal him within the country or outside its borders and has expanded its banking of all kinds, it was necessary to show the role of scholars and hardworking in the development of Condition legitimate each of these transactions, particularly emerging, including the functioning of the bank. Among the references who emerged on the Iraqi arena Mr. diligent(Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr) as the study seeks to identify the approach of Mr. Sadr and his opinions in adapting banking activity and will focus on documentary credits as the achievement of the export and import for development need to open a documentary credit bank is an intermediary which for the purposes of repayment exchange for a commitment And here is no different general conditions and mechanisms of opening credit for all banks, as it sees diligent with the majority of scholars that the opening of credit and are paid commissions whether funding a loan or treat speculation and various forms (agency, remittance, or security) is permissible provided it does not punctuated benefits or taboos.