journal of the college of basic education

The current research aims to analyze the content of the second intermediate grade mathematics book according to the components of mathematical proficiency. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method for its relevance to the nature of the objectives of the study، as she analyzed the content of the book according to the components of mathematical prowess: conceptual comprehension، procedural fluency، strategic efficiency، and adaptive reasoning. And by using frequency and percentages، and (Holsti) equation to calculate the stability of the analysis between the researcher and herself over time، and between her and another researcher. The research found that the content of the mathematics book for the second intermediate grade focused on: conceptual comprehension، procedural fluency، adaptive reasoning، and strategic efficiency accordingly. And holding training courses for mathematics teachers during the service، through which they increase their awareness of the importance of analyzing the mathematical material they study according to the components of mathematical proficiency. The researcher suggested some suggestions، including a study to find out the extent to which mathematics teachers possess mathematical prowess

In this research، The structural properties of( MgO1-xCdSx ) thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique on glass substrates at (400°C) with different CdS doping ratio% (0,2,4,6,8) .The results of (XRD) show that all film Polycrystalline with preferred orientation along(200) and (MgO) thin film has acubic crystalline structure . With CdS doping shows hexagonal structure increase clarity with increase doping ratio . The topography of the surface ، which was carried out using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) showed that the surface of the films consist of the nanoparticles with cauliflower like structures and the grain size decreasing with increase CdS concentrations .

The problem of the research lies in the need for women to make an improvement in the shape of the body and its functional efficiency, and this matter requires the development of a training program that includes special exercises that are concerned with the aesthetic aspect of the body in line with their capabilities and desires.
The aim of the research is to identify some body measurements and functional variables for untrained women from the research sample, prepare water exercises (hydrotrapia) and special exercises that fit the capabilities of the research sample, and identify the effect of water exercises (hydrotrapia) associated with special exercises in some body measurements and functional variables of the research sample.
The two researchers used the experimental approach to design one group, and the research sample was selected using the probability method of women aged 30-40 years and by (13) trainees. The training curriculum was implemented, which took (9) weeks and by three training units per week, and the number of training units reached (27) units.
The researchers concluded that the training program that included hydrotrapia exercises and physical beauty exercises contributed to improving the shape of the body and raising the functional efficiency of the trainees.

The aim of the research at identify the importance of e-learning in teaching mathematics and its methods from the point of view of the mathematics department teachers in the College of Basic Education. researcher prepared a questionnaire e-learning, we have produced questionnaire of the validity and the reliability, The questionnaire becomes final form is composed of (39) items divided in to(5) field(e-learning in the tasks of mathematics curriculum, e-learning in the role of mathematics teacher, e-learning in the role of student, e-learning in the tools of developing mathematics e-learning in mathematics teaching evaluation (,After that, the questionnaire was applied on the research sample consists of (70) teachers of basic education Colleges from Al-Mustansiriyah University and Maysan University, To achieve the aim of the research, use the following: statistical means, standard deviations, Independent-samples (t-test), Research results showed to
1- The degree of importance of e-learning for the teachers of the mathematics department was on (36) items out of (39) items.
2- The order of the fields of the questionnaire in descending order of importance are: (E-learning in the role of mathematics teacher, E-learning in the tools development mathematics, E-learning in mathematics teaching evaluation, E-learning in the role of students, E-learning in the tasks of the mathematics curriculum).
3- There are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) in the mean the estimation of the mathematics department teachers in the degree of importance of e-learning for each field of the questionnaire due to the age variable.
4- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) in the mean the estimation of mathematics department teachers in the degree of importance of E -learning for each field of the questionnaire due to the gender variables , educational level and years of service.
In the light of the results of the research , the researcher presented some recommendations and suggestions for the purpose of doing research and subsequent studies.

The study aimed at preparing the measures of management with objectives and organizational citizenship to know their level among the teachers of sports education from the point of view of the managers and supervisors special, and to identify the relationship and contribution and impact of the results of the management scale with goals with the results of the measure of organizational citizenship for teachers of education Sports from the point of view of managers and supervisors specialist, and the researcher adopted the descriptive approach in the method of correlation studies on a sample chosen intentionally by (100%) Adult middle school principals and supervisors specializing in sports education in the Directorate of Gray Education continuing the official working hours of the academic year (2019-2020), were treated as a single sample, and the selection of two measures of the two phenomena studied and prepared by (20) members of the study community, And then apply them to the sample specified in this study for the application of (59) individuals represented by school administrators and supervisors in Ramadi governorate for the period from Monday (29/11/2019) to Wednesday (15/1/202) 0) And the researcher verified the processing of study data using the social statistical bag system (SPSS) version (V26) to be conclusions and applications in that the level of both management goals and behavior of organizational citizenship was not at the required level among teachers of sports education in middle schools, which calls for attention to these two phenomena Improving their level of positive results in achieving the lesson for its goals and mission to society and the world, and the management is linked to the goals and contributes to the behavior of organizational citizenship and affects it expelled, i.e. the higher the level of management with the goals, the more it helps to increase the level of behavior of organizational citizenship among teachers of sports education in middle schools, and it is necessary to work on finding a mechanism of understanding that helps to develop and improve the abilities of teachers of sports education, To benefit from the experiences of academics in this because of the benefits it brings to the service of the educational and sports process and the spread of peace and tolerance among societies.

The researcher\'s tendency to use the strategy (Monroe and Slater) is to achieve the objectives of scientific conferences that sought to develop the educational process through the use of modern teaching methods that support thinking skills in general and critical thinking in particular, which has a positive impact on the intellectual growth of the learner and academic achievement. Therefore, the researcher raised the following question to determine the frameworks of the current research problem is: What impact does the use of the strategy of Monroe and Slater in the development of critical thinking skills? The research community means the vocabulary of all phenomena studied by the researcher and represented by all individuals and all persons who are the problem of research. (Anwar Waznaka, 2008: 306), therefore, the research community consisted of students of the Department of Art Education / College of Basic Education - University of Mustansiriya, who number (427) students distributed in (4) academic stages for the academic year 2018/2019. Since the subject of technical criticism and analysis in the curriculum of the third stage, therefore, the students were selected for the purpose of providing the safety of experimental design, where the number of members of this stage (62) students distributed in two classrooms (32) students in the Division (A) and (30) students in Division (B), the researcher used a set of statistical methods to reach the results of the research, the most important of which are: The students of the experimental group that studied critical thinking skills using the Monroe and Slater strategy according to the content prepared in the teaching plans and measured according to the post-test prepared for this purpose, are superior to those of the students of the control group. Through the clarity of the educational and behavioral goals with cognitive and skill-based performance that facilitated students to learn critical thinking skills. The main conclusions are: The components of the strategy of Monroe and Slater (conclusion - assumptions or assumptions - deduction - interpretation - evaluation of arguments) in the development of critical thinking skills among students of the experimental group of subjects taught according to the teaching plans, making it a purposeful and self-directed and collective process

The designs of clothing costumes and their employment in sculptural monuments in Europe and their utilitarian value as well as their expressive and functional value, and because they are affected like other arts as the applied art that takes from nature its aesthetic, and that these designs implemented in the world express belonging and originality and mimic symbols and elements And vocabulary that expresses intellectual, cultural and artistic contents.
And since this trend was not studied in a formula that evokes its functional, expressive and aesthetic dimensions, as well as employing design concepts to achieve those dimensions. The researcher directed to study this through four chapters, in the first of which he sought to clarify the research problem, its importance, limits, objectives and terminology.
As for the second chapter, it included the theoretical framework, in which the researcher tackled the study of the diversity of fashion designs in the Renaissance as a first topic, followed by the study of contemporary fashion designs on the formations of sculptural monuments as a second topic.
Through this, the researcher reached to put the most important indicators as a scientific material that benefited from them in its procedures and research method in analyzing the content of the samples. The analysis, which was represented in the design of an analysis unit (the integrated communication unit) as it carries an integrated communication idea from which ideas can be derived through analysis, and thus formed by the researcher (One sample and four models have). The research also included a chapter on findings, recommendations and suggestions
Key words: Employment of fashion designs, sculptural monuments

The general objective: to identify the most important personality traits that distinguished the pupils involved in handball activity, and to ascertain the existence of differences in the level of personality traits due to the academic level variable. We relied on the descriptive approach and used the scale of personality traits developed by the researcher after adapting it to the Algerian environment, and the sample size was 196 males involved in handball chosen in the intended way.To analyze the data, we used the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and ANOVA test. We concluded that the sample members are characterized by a high level of the following traits: (extraversion, self-esteem, independence, responsibility, social adaptation, control, courage, emotional stability, persistence), and there are differences At the level of personality traits between the four academic levels (first, second, third and fourth year). The fourth year pupils are distinguished by a high level in all personality dimensions compared to other traits, Our study recommends relying on these results to select students according to the appropriate activity, and to seek to develop their personality according to these criteria.

The aim of this work, to prepare and study the effect of calcination temperature on the structural characterizations of (CMC/PVP) filled-SnO2 nanoparticles films. SnO2 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by simple chemical method (sol-gel method), using cheap and non-toxic reactants. The obtained SnO2 powder was calcined at different temperatures (400, 600, 800 °C) which led to form of quasi-spherical SnO2 nanoparticles with different nanoscale sizes. The structural properties were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The quasi-spherical tin oxide SnO2 nanoparticles with Rutile-type crystal structure were obtained, with different particle sizes (26.47 nm), (26.27 nm) and (31.8 nm) at 400, 600, 800 °C, respectively. The results showed that the particle size and crystallization degree increased with rising the calcination temperature as a result of crystal growth, while the dislocations density decreases with the rising in temperature. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that at temperature (800 °C) highly crystalline and pure phase of SnO2 nanoparticle were produced.

The research aims to prepare special exercises for rubber ropes to correct the deformity of the bow legs. And knowing the effect of exercises (with rubber ropes) in reducing the bowing of the legs of the research sample. And to know the effect of exercises (with rubber ropes) on the strength sensing test. The researcher used the experimental method (one group) with two tests, before and after, for its relevance to the nature of the problem on a sample of children with bow legs aged (8-10) years who were reviewed at Al-Wasiti Hospital (Baghdad - Al-Rusafa) for the period from 11/1/2020 until 3/1/ 2021 and their number was (10) selected according to the diagnosis of the specialist doctor (Dr. Abdel Nasser Kamel, specializing in joints and bones in Al-Wasiti Hospital Consultation) through medical examination and radiology (scan gram). Then the tests were applied, and after applying the curriculum for a period of 12 weeks, the researcher used the statistical package (SPSS), to process the data he obtained. In light of the results reached by the researcher, he came to the following conclusions: - The rehabilitation units using rubber ropes have a positive effect in reducing the curvature of the legs, as the results showed significant differences in measuring the curvature of the legs using X-rays. The rehabilitation exercises using rubber ropes have a positive effect on muscular strength, as the results showed significant differences in the strength sensing test.

The current study aimed to identify the impact of the conflicting events strategy on the art education department’s achievement in the theories of artistic creativity. The research in which the researcher followed the experimental method for two research groups (experimental and control) and the research community consisted of students of the Department of Art Education - College of Basic Education - Al-Mustansiriyah University - Fourth Stage - totaling 185 students. My achievement accordingly to measure the achievement of the students of the two research groups, which was characterized by honesty and stability, and the researcher used the statistical bag (Spss) as the ratio and the current study, as it was shown that the students of the experimental group events over the control group who studied in the traditional method.

The aim of the research is to prepare a diverse recreational movement program accompanying music in the level of anxiety and some physical measurements for women, and the researcher hypothesised that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre-tests and the results of the post-tests for some psychological variables for the experimental and control groups in the research sample.
The second chapter also contained theoretical and similar studies that revolved around several axes, including: the psychological program, the kinetic program, recreation, the musical rhythm, anxiety and some physical measurements and similar studies. The third chapter included research procedures as the researcher used the experimental method on a sample of working women aged 35- 45 years, as the sample was randomly divided into two groups, an experimental group and a control group of (10) women for each group. A group after conducting an exploratory experiment, and the researcher processed the results of the pre and post tests using appropriate statistical means, for the purpose of arriving at accurate results. Then the search results were extracted by using the spss statistical system.

Cruelty has accompanied man since ancient times, and it has often been confused with violence due to the intensity of the closeness between them, and here the research tries to separate both concepts and is unique to the concept of cruelty, which was highlighted in the theater for the first time by the French (Antoine Artaud) in an attempt to reveal the directing treatment that It was presented by the Iraqi director (Sameem Hasaballah) to the concept of cruelty in his tagged play (Autumn).

The study aims to:
1-Building a measure of the cognitive and technical adequacy of football coaches of the education directorates in Baghdad.
2- Identifying the cognitive and technical competences that must be available to football coaches in Baghdad education directorates
The researcher used the descriptive method in the style of survey studies to suit the problem of research.
The researcher chose the sample in the deliberate way as it represents the elite of the research community and the researcher chose the entire research community as (6) education directorates were selected representing (3) educations belonging to the karkh cutter and (3) educations of the al-Rasafa cutter and the number of football coaches For these educations (124) trainers were excluded and (20) trainers representing the reconnaissance experience were excluded (4) coaches due to the lack of filling of the questionnaire and thus the number of sample members (100) became trainers as installed in the official data of these sensors.
To achieve the first goal of the research, which is to build a measure of the cognitive and technical competences of football coaches, the researcher has followed specific steps, namely identifying the areas of the scale, drafting paragraphs for each area, and then applying these paragraphs to a sample representing the community, and then conducting statistical analysis of the paragraphs to choose the appropriate paragraphs to measure the phenomenon to be measured.
The process of building a measure of cognitive and technical competences has passed through a set of procedures that the researcher applied
After presenting and discussing the results of the research, the researcher reached a number of conclusions, which are as follows:
1- It was reached to build a measure of the cognitive and technical competences of football coaches.
2- Based on the results of the statistical analysis, (6) areas were drawn, representing the measure of the cognitive and technical competences of football coaches with (41) paragraphs as follows.
A- The first area contained (7) paragraphs and called it the field of personal competences,
B- The second area contained (7) paragraphs and called it the field of professional competences
C-Field III contained (6) paragraphs and called it the field of training efficiency
D- The fourth field contained (7) paragraphs and called it the field of scientific competences
E- The fifth area contained (7) paragraphs and called it the field of cognitive competences
The sixth area contained (7) paragraphs and was called the field of social competence.

The study aimed to prepare muscle balance exercises in a vibratory training method, then to identify the effect of exercises in developing some biomechanical indicators of the skill of the wall of the young players in volleyball for youth. For volleyball from Baghdad clubs (Al-Sina’a Club, Police Club, Al-Mawhiba Specialized School, Salikh Club, Al-Jaish Club) (youth category), which numbered (85) players.The researcher used the accuracy test of the wall, and it included training exercises in volleyball with a total of (24) training units, and the number of training units per week was (3) units, and the unit time was (90) minutes. Between (15-25) minutes from the time of the main part, and after performing the exercises on the device during the prescribed period, the researcher concluded that the exercises of muscular balance in the vibratory training method used were a means of guidance that greatly helped in some of the biomechanical variables under study.

The objective of the current research is to know the degree to which the principals of fine arts institutes practice the management by exception according to the dimensions (determining authority and responsibilities, delegating authority, time management, and evaluating performance) from the point of view of the male and female vice principals, and which of these dimensions has priority in the management by exception, and the significance of the differences in the degree to which principals of fine arts institutes practice the management by exception is defined according to the dimensions (determining authority and responsibilities, delegation of authority, time management, and performance evaluation) from the point of view of the male and female vice principals according to the variables of (gender, and educational qualifications). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the management by exception questionnaire prepared by (Khalaf Allah, 2017), which includes (28) items, distributed into (4) dimensions. Its validity and reliability were verified, and then it was applied to the research sample of (148) male and female vice principals, and the data obtained from the sample were analyzed using the weighted mean and the relative weight, and the results concluded that determining the authority and responsibility dimension was achieved to a good degree, while the other (3) dimensions were achieved in a medium degree from the point of view of the male and female vice principals. In addition, the results showed that there is no significant statistical difference in the views of the sample members in all dimensions according to the gender variable, while there was an effect of the educational qualification variable in the point of view of the sample members in (3) dimensions, the difference was in favor of the point of view of the sample members with a bachelor degree. Based on that, the researcher came with a number of recommendations to the principals of the fine arts institutes, including: paying attention to the deviations that occur in the course of work, which move away from the standards set to achieve the goals, and intervention in a timely manner to modify the course of these deviations, ensuring the knowledge of the exacerbation of the error, and to ensure the achievement of objectives set according to the drawn plans. In addition, the researcher suggested conducting a number of future studies, including: administration by exception for principals of the fine arts institutes and its relationship to the effectiveness of administrative performance.

The research is concerned with studying the work of the acting performance, which constitutes the importance of the acting performance in the children’s theater performances, as it constitutes an important factor in the interpretation of the dramatic events, through which a clear vision of the content of the show is achieved as well as excitement and entertainment. The research: as it benefits college and institute students, researchers, and workers in the field of children’s theater, and the aim of the research was: to identify the role of acting performance in children’s theater performances, this is in (the first chapter), while the second chapter (the theoretical framework) included two sections, the first topic : Dealing with the characteristics of the child’s theater between text and presentation, as for the second topic: the actor and techniques of representational performance in the child’s theater, down to the indicators, and in the third chapter, the research procedures were included, the researcher analyzed the research sample, used the descriptive analytical approach in dealing with the research community, and included ( Chapter IV) the results of the research and its discussion, the researcher reached the role of the act of acting performance in the performances of the child’s theater, which is achieved in communicating the idea of the presentation (form and content) through the actor’s expressive tools in emulation, simulation and play, and the researcher recommended the need to pay attention With acting performance and theatrical elements in presenting what is the best exciting and attractive in children's theater performances, the research is concluded with annexes, sources and references, as well as a summary of the research in English

The research aims to identify the attitudes of mathematics teachers towards the use of e-learning in teaching mathematics to middle school students in light of the Corona pandemic, as well as knowing the differences between the attitudes of mathematics teachers towards e-learning that are attributed to the gender variable. A paragraph after reviewing previous studies that dealt with the same topic. The study population consisted of (196), while the sample numbered (50) male and female teachers of mathematics. The researcher also adopted the statistical program (Spss) in data processing. The search resulted in the following conclusions:
1- The results of this study showed that the attitudes of mathematics teachers towards e-learning were in the neutral direction towards e-learning.
2- The results also showed that there were no differences between the averages of mathematics teachers' attitudes towards e-learning in teaching mathematics according to the gender variable. This indicates that the gender variable has no effect on mathematics teachers' attitudes towards e-learning.
The recommendations made by the research were as follows:
1- Training the faculty to use and employ e-learning in the educational process through the establishment of training courses.
2- Shedding light on e-learning by educational institutions in Iraq and the interest in employing it in the educational process and encouraging faculty to use it, as well as providing the appropriate educational infrastructure for the process of applying e-learning in schools, as well as providing physical facilities and preparing schools by equipping them with appropriate electronic media.

This paper focused on a method for non-parametric in estimating the binary response logistic regression model, which is the method of regression of the slides (P-Spline), by applying practical data on the ground that represents the change in stock prices and the current value of the Babylon Hotel in the Iraq Stock Exchange. Finance, and for three sizes of samples (the first sample size is 45) (the second sample size 72) (the third sample size 110), it was concluded that the preference in the estimation method (P-Spline) was the sample size (110), in order to obtain the lowest value With an MSE standard.

The art of comics is one of the arts that has been known since ancient times and has witnessed technical and intellectual developments until it reached what it is at the present time. Despite its importance and its role in enriching art education lessons, this field did not witness the interest of researchers and scholars. In light of this, the current research aims to investigate the role of intellectual and technical developments in comic art in enriching art education lessons. To achieve this, the researcher reviewed previous studies and literature that are related to one or more aspects of the study. The results of the research confirmed the importance of comics art and its impact not only on enriching art education lessons, but its impact was more comprehensive to include children's personalities and ideas.

The interior designer is concerned with design formulations through which he discloses subjective and objective data that rise to the aesthetics of the spirit of the age and its emerging features, and in light of the transformations and changes in the overall structures and patterns of life, especially the rapid change in the field of technology that has led to a shift in the field of attention to standards of aesthetic taste to keep pace with reality that is related to collective awareness within Changing time, modern aesthetic philosophies have produced aesthetic design formulations with characteristics that correspond to the nature of the era associated with speed, mechanism, movement and the diversity of cultures, ideas and trends, seeking to form a continuous, flowing, vibrant interior space, not only to penetrate into the depths of space, but to launch into the surrounding external environment , and enriching the idea of space-time, so the research problem crystallized by asking “what are the formal features on which the streamlined image is based in the design of interior spaces in a way that can secure aesthetic representations that keep pace with the language of the age”, and the research objective is to “discover the aesthetic representations of Streamline, and what are their connections and interrelationships.” Its elements and features of its formation in the design of interior spaces. The theoretical framework included two topics, the first dealt with the concept of fluidity and the aesthetics of interior design, and the second: the aesthetic representations of the fluid interior space. The research community was limited to the architectural designs (Zaha Hadid) completed during the period between (2005-2020), and the research adopted the descriptive approach to reach a set of results and conclusions, including: Energy, movement, flow, adaptation to

The puppet theater is one of the forms of the student\'s theater and its fields: it is a performing art in its own right, which has its origins, rules and methods of expression, as it relies on operating or moving the blood or cracks and passes-through in an artistic way for the purpose of entertainment, education and education. The blood theater has several terms, labels and concepts that are synonymous or almost synonymous with them The Blood Theater and the Mar Unit Theater, the Karakiz Theater, the Araguz Theater, the Karrah Theater Goz and the Qarqosh Theater ... It is called the Puppet Theater or the Mar Unit, because it depends on its operation and activation on the blood and puppets, as the current research aims to identify the employment of the Puppet Theater in the development of students in Grade A Tuck in the primary art education.
As the current research required due to its nature and what it aims at adopting the experimental research approach, this approach is characterized by its high accuracy and is considered one of the closest approaches in research to solve theoretical and applied educational problems because it sets an acceptable limit of control for the exotic variables that can affect the dependent variable.
As the number of primary schools in the third Rusafa Directorate reached (303), the number of students in the primary stage (201163) reached one male and one female pupil (104068) male and (97095) females, and the researcher obtained the numbers from the Statistics and Planning Division of the Ministry of Education, and she was unable The researcher is able to obtain only the number of first graders in the third Rusafa District due to lack of availability

The current study aims to identify the impact of the generative learning strategy on the achievement of students of the Department of Art Education in the subject of school theater, as the first chapter dealt with the research problem, its importance and the aim of the study. The experimental group consisted of two groups (experimental and control), as the research community consisted of students of the Department of Art Education in the College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, the second stage, numbering 206 students. Honestly and reliability, as the researcher used the statistical bag (spss) as it is the most suitable for the current study, as it was shown that the experimental group who studied according to the generative learning strategy was superior to the students of the control group who studied in the usual way.

To identify the target tagged "The effect of generative learning strategy on lateral thinking and the cognitive motivation of mathematics for middle school students", The researcher followed the semi-experimental approach with the post-test, as the researcher prepared a lateral thinking test and a measure of cognitive motivation, which according to the basic sample of (60) students, (30) students for the experimental group who studied according to the generative learning strategy, and (30) students For the control group who studied according to the usual method.
After conducting honesty, consistency, and statistical analyzes, the results showed "the effect of generative learning strategy on lateral thinking and cognitive motivation and in favor of the experimental group."
In light of the results, the researcher recommended "training teachers of mathematics on the strategy of obstetric learning to apply it in the classroom through courses prepared by the Ministry of Education for this purpose," and she also proposed conducting a pilot study to find out "the effect of generative learning strategy on achievement and creative thinking of mathematics".

This study aims to prepare training that includes planning and exercise for the functional strength in the synchronized method and identifying their effect in the performance of some skills of gymnasium among women. The researcher hypothesized that such s training has a positive effect in the progress of performance level for each of the skills of adduction jumping on the vault, groundbreaking on the vault, getting on the balance beam) among the female players of the College of Physical Education and Sport Science team. The researcher used the experimental design with two experimental groups. The study included a sample of 14 players who were purposively selected representing 100.0% of the target population (the female players of the College of Physical Education and Sport Science team) for the academic years 2019-2020 under the umbrella of the Iraqi Central Gymnasium Federation. After adopting the technical performance evaluation form to be evaluated by an expert panel, the exercises were applied for the first experimental group (functional strength training in the synchronous method), and the second experimental group (functional strength training) for eight training weeks at a rate of three sessions per week so that the focus in these exercises on developing the strength of muscles involved in directing the technical performance of the three skills. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS), version 26. The study results revealed that applying the functional strength training in a synchronous manner in the period of special preparation helps gymnasts improve their performance for both adduction jumping on the vault, groundbreaking on the vault, getting on the balance beam at the local level. Continuing to train the functional strength during the special preparation period at the same pace improves the technical performance of these skills, but not to the level reached by the players who applied these exercises in a synchronous manner. This calls for the adoption of comprehensive training and limiting the exaggeration of the duration and intensity of the fixed weight training efforts being made to develop strength. Furthermore, it is necessary for the coaches to pay attention to the principle of progression and ripple in the training load according to the ability of each player on resistance training and their endurance without harming the kinetic programs of technical performance. So, this can to come in line with the long-term planning of their international professionalism in the future.

The current research aims to develop the skills of fifth-year iddle school students in the subject of drawing the engineering perspective. To study this, the researcher identified building instructional plans for the skills of drawing an engineering perspective according to the Babi constructive model.And two null hypotheses were formulated:
-There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the grades of the grades of the two groups (experimental and control) in assessing the skill performance prior to.
- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the grades of the grades of the two groups (experimental and control) in assessing the skill performance dimensional.
The results of this research showed the following:
The effectiveness of teaching plans according to (Babi constructive model) in developing the skills of drawing the engineering perspective for the fifth preparatory students - the experimental group. Which had a positive effect to get the desired results.

The relationship of the explosive force of the arms and the distinctive force of velocity for the two men with the performance of the skills of serving and spiking with volleyball
The game of volleyball is a group sport that is characterized by difficult situations during performance, and therefore the players of this game must be characterized by the elements of physical fitness because it is considered an essential part in the success of any sports team and here are many physical characteristics, including (strength, speed, elongation, flexibility and agility) as well as many skillful qualities of them. (Scoring, patience, handling and deception) which have great importance to reach the best levels, we find that offensive skills in volleyball, including the skills of serving and hitting, as they need strength and speed, as these two skills play a major role in achieving the success and progress of the team and making it one of the advanced teams. It is necessary for any player to pay attention to this aspect, and the research aims to:
1- Knowing the correlation between the explosive force of the arms and the performance of the skill of serving and crushing volleyball in the research sample.
2- Knowing the correlational relationship between the force and the characteristic velocity of the two men and the performance of the skill of serving and crushing volleyball in the research sample.
Hypothesis search:
1- There is a statistically significant correlation between the explosive power of the arms and the performance of the skill of serving and crushing volleyball in the research sample
2-There is a statistically significant correlation between the force characteristic of speed for the two men and the performance of the skill of serving and crushing volleyball in the research sample

Samples are made with dimensions of 20 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height were manufactured from 316L steel plate, as the samples were prepared by the method of thermal spraying with flame, different percentages of Ni-Al and (0,5,10,15,20,25) % were taken. The base material of silica SiO2, thus forming cermet samples (ceramic + metal). The samples were sintered at a temperature of 900°C for two hours, and physical and mechanical tests were conducted, which obtained the best results at the optimal values from a spray distance of 16 cm, and sintering 900 °C, and the mixing ratio is 25%, and it was found that the hardness was (590Hv), while the lowest porosity was (4.5%), and the highest adhesion strength was (38MPa), while the lowest value for wear was (0.11), while the structural results were represented by examination of the microscope Scanning Electron (SEM) has shown that the best models of entanglement homogeneity are 25% of the Ni-Al reinforced metallic material.