Iraqi Journal of Science and Technology

The study was carried out to determine the problems and obstacles faced multiplication and varieties spread that have been devised in the Agricultural Research Directorate /Ministry of Science and Technology. To achieve this goal, it has been identified 49 problems distributed on eight axes related to the wheat seeds production such as (Wheat Cultivation, National Program, Infrastructure, Organization, Producer, Support and Facilitating Services for Producers and the Marketing Process). The population study is included the plant breeders and the members which worked in the national project of wheat seeds production. Data were collected through using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as frequencies, percentage means, and weighted average. The results indicated that the superiority of the IBAaa 99 variety in the numbers of contractors which reached 649 contractors, followed by sham 6 variety with 493 contractors, the lowest number of contractors was for the varieties Tamuz 2 and Baghdad 14 and 7 contractors respectively, also the findings revealed that an overwhelming majority of the results indicated that more than 87% of respondents showed the problems related to marketing services of the wheat crop ranked first with an importance level 3.75 degree, it is ranked the biggest obstacle in the implementing of those programs, followed by the problems related to the lack of financial allocation needed in various wheat breeding programs which ranked second 2.8 degree in weight rate. Also, the varieties spreading is affected by the decreasing no. of agricultural exibitions and workshops, which ranked 1.1 degree according to the study outcomes.

A field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station AI- Latifyia site/ Agriculture Research Directorate، Ministry of Science and Technology. The objective of this study is to compare the performance of the four bread wheat cultivars (Al Wafaa، Al-Rasheed، Adana and Al Baraka) using RCBD by split plot arrangement with three replications during the seasons 2015-2016, 2016-2017, and 2017-2018. Results reveals that significant differences among the bread wheat cultivars in all the traits under study، Also the seeding rate affect significantly most traits. Pooled analysis for the three seasons showed significant differences among the cultivars in plant height، spikes/ m-2, biological yield, 1000 seed weight and grain yield. The differences among seeding rates affected significantly on spikes/ m-2, and 1000 seed weight. The interaction between cultivars and seeding rates revealed that the significant effects on the spikes/ m-2, and 1000 seed weight.

This research aims to monitor and determine the area of the Nile rose in the Tigris River, specifically near the Kut dam in Wasit governorate, by Sentinel 2 satellite images for the years 2016, 2020, and 2021. The classification of satellite images was carried out based on the values of (TNDVI) index, the spectral signature of the Nile rose plant in the region, and high-resolution images of the Terra sat. The final results showed that the area of the Nile rose has decreased from (43 %) in year 2016 to (2%) in year 2021 from the total area of study area. The large percentage of the Nile rose was near the Kut Dam, and the other percentage was in the areas adjacent to the dam and edges of the Tigris River and inside it, which led to obstruct of water course in the river and pollute its water.

The study and preparation of dam collapse scenarios is one of the basic things that must be ready for the purpose of preparing emergency plans to confront such collapses in order to spare the population and infrastructure the resulting losses and reduce their impact. In this study, we dealt with the possibility of collapsing the Darbandikhan Dam and its impact on the areas along the Diyala River Basin and on the integrity of the Hamrin Dam, using advanced hydrological modeling software and geographic information systems for the purpose of calculation and display. The hydrological modeling program (WMS9.1), which includes the simplified mathematical modeling of dam collapse (SMPDBK91), was used, and the digital elevation model for the region was used as a basis for preparing the cross-sections along the river and as one of the basic inputs in calculating the mathematical model and then preparing the inundation maps. The results of the mathematical modeling showed that the maximum depth of the flood water near the wall of the Hamrin Dam body at the levels (471 and 485) meters above sea level, is about (5.6, 6.3) meters, respectively. It was found that the collapse of the Darbandikhan Dam had no effect on the safety of the Hamrin Dam as long as the water level in the Hamrin Lake reservoir and the proximity of the dam’s body did not exceed (100.7) meters above sea level, at the time of the hypothetical collapse of the Darbandikhan Dam.

Descriptive and evaluative study is achieved on PM2.5 dataset hourly from February 18th, 2019 to July 30th, 2020 from a monitoring station in the Green Zone in Baghdad city and explores its correlation with metrological variables. The results showed that the air quality in the Green Zone is unhealthy which contribute to increase COVID-19 incidences. PM2.5 concentrations exhibited a high variation that exceed the EPA and WHO standards on weekdays compared to weekends (Friday and Saturday). The most frequent distribution of PM2.5 was 57% (276 Days) in the moderate level of air quality, 25.5% (124 Days) in unhealthy conditions for sensitive groups of people to air pollution. November month was the most polluted month while April month was the least polluted month. An hourly high variation of PM2.5 concentrations was in winter in most hours of day and its low in spring. Local weather conditions with high PM2.5 concentrations are generally characterized as warmer, less humid and less windy, but colder and more humid in autumn.

A Ground Penetrating Radar survey was carried out to detect archaeological remains at Kifel region, antennas of 500 MHz, 250 MHz, and 25 MHz were used. The topsoil resistivity values of the study area are low at many places and not more than 5ohms. This low resistivity has limited the GPR applications. The penetrating depths for the radar waves are around 3.0, 8.0, and 28.0 meters for 500MHz, 250MHz, and 25MHz antennas respectively. However, the clear radar signals are restricted to 1 meter depth. Data filtering and processing are needed for deep weak singles. Nevertheless, the GPR survey results have detected the underground archeological walls, tunnel, pipe and grave. The walls can be followed along the parallel GPR surveyed profiles.

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles were prepared and used in the study of its reaction kinetics with RR120 Reactive Red and Direct Blue DB2 commercial azo dyes. SPM, AFM, and SEM techniques were used to diagnose these nanoparticles. The best dose of nanoparticles used in the decolorization of the dyes was (0.1, 0.5) g / L when the solutions recorded a value of pH equal 3.5 at the time of 60 minutes, they achieved a removal ratio of 100 % and 98 % for dyes RR120, DB2 respectively. The first order interaction rank was the best when studying the interaction of nano iron with dyes, the coefficients were of k1 (0.1465, 0.0899) min-1 and t1/2 (4.73, 7.7) min-1 for dyes RR 120 and DB 2 independently. The presence of sodium chloride salt enhances and increases the decolorization of dyes, while the presence of sodium sulfate salt has a negative effect on the decomposition process and reduces the removal rate.