Surra Man Ra'a

The research deal with the concept of the stipulation clauses , conditions in marriage contract in a comparative study between Islamic Sharia and law. Some conditions can be provided in marriage contract and it can be considered valid to be provided as such and it should be fulfilled by the parties in an obligatory manner, such as courtesy and intimacy spouse living, as it required by the contract or ensure contractual requirement, as the husband considered to be a guarantor to pay the dowry, or as ligislaturary can be permitted , as the wife stipulated the the divorce restrain to be in her hand or to be her own, or as provided by custom as stipulating pre- paid of some amount of dowry in advance. Otherwise some condition can be considered as invalid and its contradictory to the to the contractual requirement and its objects, as the wife stipulated to leave the house as she desire to do so without the permission of her husband, or stipulating be be without dowry , or stipulating the Divorce of fellow wife in the case of a polygamy. There are other conditions can not be considered to be contrary to the requirement of contract and its objects or what permitted by the legislature, as the wife stipulated not to be travelled from country to others, or not to be subject to polygamy system by fellow wife . The judiciary authority in estimating conditions is to be subject to extraordinary circumstances.

This research included a preface and preface in which we discussed the poetic necessity of language and terminology with a brief translation of the suyuti , including its grammatical doctrine . The research also included three topics, The second section was entitled: Necessities in Action , which included five issues. The third topics is entitled: Necessities in the letters. This section included five samples. The research included a conclusion that included the most important results. Search, then followed list of source and references .

After reading carefully what is included in this research, we found that the most important conclusions can be drawn from the following:
1- The science of alchemy is a modern science, and it has ancient roots, but as a method of its foundation and principles, it emerged in modern times.
2- The meaning of semiotics is not different from the linguistic meaning of individualism. Semiotics is the science of signs or semantics.
3- The term "alchemy" is a term that has roots in the Arab heritage, as mentioned in the Holy Quran, Hadith and Arabic Poetry.
4- Semiotics interested in the issue of tripartite existence (mind, meaning) and (world, subject) and (language, dal.)
5- .Dossier has linked semiotics to the study of the life of signs and signs within social life and considered language a part of the science of signs and linguistics as a fundamental branch of it.
6- .Pierce linked semiotics to logic, but the division of the sign (meaning and meaning) was called the terms (subject / subject / reference.)
7- - There is general consensus with the division of significance into three types: mental indication / natural indication / status indication.
8- - both verbal and mental images are (D and significance) at the same time, and the relationship between (Dal and meaning) transforms relations from arbitrary to logical.

This study aims to know: If the slums can integration with informal housing? How? Because it is become a reality, through the state a general theoretical framework, definition of general concepts ,Analysis of the appearance causes, globally and locally, advantages and dis advantages of the slums, treatment methods, Proposed Technical General methodology to treatment the slums. The case study in this research: the Squatter Settlement in AL- Ameen district – new Baghdad, which was in origin as an army camp before the 2003. And we study how it changed during short period of time (Via satellite images); the land was filled with disoriented buildings that not meet the designing and planning criteria of cities, but the planned renovation from the inhabitants themselves as appropriate With other neighborhoods Later .The study has reached a number of conclusions including the prevention process, and for the existing settlements, a number of alternatives can be developed as the location ,social services, infrastructure, Transportation, etc.The research Find: the slums integrate with the With regular housing complexes, as this complex has developed but needs further development.

Babylan formed the central and southern of Mesopotamia to the Arabian Gulf, of particular importance in modern Assyrian military strategy 911_612 B.C. the region constitutes a source of concern and disruption of security commercial to Babylon in order to subject the region to the pressure of the Aramaic and Chaldea tribes that settled in it and Persian tribes that aspired and throughout their history to expand towards the north towards Assyrian and try to control it or parts thereof.
The economic importance of the region of Babylon For Assyrian King successive military campaigns to notify the people in the region they are ready to attack any threat to the interests of the land of Assyrian as the news of these campaigns indicate received royalties from the cities and regions.
The booty taxes and royalties in the Assyrian texts and obtained annually form the cities and regions that subjected was one of that man sources of financing for the treasury of the agrarian state and the increasing wealth of such revenues to the boom of the economic life of the of the on castors of Assyria.
Therefore, one of the main objectives of the Assyrian military campaigns was to obtain valuable and precious materials from other comprise outside Assyria as trophies and royalties.

The groundwater resource is the main lifeline of the arid and semi-arid environment, where the study area is located. At the same time, the dependence on groundwater for different uses has become a problem in the soil of the region. For the agricultural production, it is therefore necessary for us to study the groundwater and know the impact on the salinity of soil in the region, and to achieve the objectives of the research has been divided into three studies to investigate, the first section includes the natural factors affecting the groundwater, The second topic focused on the geological characteristics of groundwater, the study of wells, their numerical distribution in the region, the study of their depths, their fixed and mobile levels, and the conduct of chemical analyzes on them by collecting samples from the geological, The study of the area of study. The third study dealt with the study of the soil of the area and the identification of its varieties and the conduct of laboratory analysis of the soil by taking samples from the region and knowing the concentration of salts and their spatial variation, and finally linking between the percentage of salts found in the (GIS) for the preparation of maps and tables to reach accurate results, to know the effect of groundwater on soil salinity in the region.

The German – Iraqi friendship solid ties go back to a period prior to the foundation of the modern Iraqi state. A lot of Iraqis had been looking to the German experience in unity and renaissance with admiration. The relations between the two countries were developed gradually since 2003 until now. So we chose to write on the subject of " Iraqi - German Economic Relations: a Study of Reasons for their Lack of Development and Prospects for their Future" presenting a historic preface to the relations between the two countries prior to 2003.

This study aimed to clarify the role of the Gulf Cooperation Council in the importance of deepening and strengthening relations between all its members and to explain the reasons that led to the acceleration of its implementation, including political conflicts, unstable situations and revolutions in some countries, as well as the 1990 Gulf War between Iraq and Kuwait and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The study also discusses Oman's role in the Gulf Cooperation Council because of its strategic position at a crossroads of trade or in a region with a wealth of resources that makes it plays a balanced and wise role and is reflected in good and mutual benefit with all neighboring and non-neighboring countries. And to highlight the challenges and obstacles facing Oman's foreign policy to define the future directions of decision-makers, as well as to highlight the role of Iran in the second Gulf crisis (1990-1991), which had the opportunity to regain its role and weight at the regional and international levels. Arab and Western States despite the continued complexity between some Gulf States and Iran, despite the existence of economic and trade relations between the two parties. The study also addresses the American reactions and intentions and the undeclared objectives of the situation List in the region, and the position of both Oman and Iran to the US invasion of Iraq, and the statement of the impact of the conflict between Oman and Saudi Arabia in the convergence of the relationship between the Sultanate and Iran and the impact on national security of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.

The study included the study and evaluation of the industrial development experiences in the State of Malaysia and Saudi Arabia (a model for the countries of the Islamic world) in order to reveal the most important stages of each experiment and what factors contributed to the success of these experiments and strategies adopted during each time period, The most important quantitative development indicators through which it is possible to identify the level of contribution of each experience in developing levels of spatial development.

Training process is one of the most important issues that are the responsibility of senior management in the organization as responsible for the development of the organization as a whole and to develop the performance of its staff in a manner consistent with all objectives and thus achieve these goals . This research includes the problems of the training process and why the training was not spent for large amounts did not find a significant impact on the development of the performance of staff in the Office of the province and therefore the training process carried out by the organizations in general and the Governorate Office of the province Dhi-Qar in particular that it suffers from many problems We will try to highlight it by collecting data through the human resources manager in the province and then analyze and develop solutions . Training process in any organization is in two forms , first in the organization and the second outside the membership. Through this research we will discuss how to transfer training to the organization , especially in the service organizations ( Diy Qar Governorate Office ) , by asking the following questions :  What is the concept of training and what is its importance & objectives ?  How to plan the training process and how to determine training needs ?  What are the training methods ?  Why do the training process in the workplace and leave the training outside work in the office of the Diy Qar Governorate Office ?  What are the pros and cons of this transfer to the training process ?  Why this topic was chosen as a solution to the problems of promotion in the Diy Qar Governorate Office ?

The study aimed at identifying the anaerobic and aerobic physical exertion in some neurotransmitters (sodium and calcium) in the players of the Samarra soccer team And to identify the differences between the two efforts (anaerobic -aerobic) in some variables of the transfer of nerve (sodium and calcium) in the remote tests in the players of the University of Samarra soccer clubs, And the researcher used the descriptive approach, and represents the research community of the players of the University of Samarra football halls (11) players either the sample of the study consisted of (8) players were randomly selected after the exclusion of (3) players for the exploratory experience, The researcher studied the homogeneity in the variables (age, height, mass), and the researcher ran (180) m apostates as anaerobic effort, and ran 12 minutes as an antenna effort, and the concentration of both (sodium and calcium) laboratory before and after the two efforts and used statistical methods(The mean mean, the standard deviation of the simple correlation coefficient, T for the independent samples, T for the related samples, the Comelgruff and Smernov coefficient) to extract the variables. The researcher concluded that the anaerobic and antenna effort led to a decrease in the concentration of calcium from its levels and the high level of sodium after performing the two tests. There was a difference in the concentration of sodium-calcium between the two (anaerobic-aerobic) energies in the post-test tests.

The study deals with English speech act of directives. It aims at (1) identifying and classifying the errors made by the EFL College students in using speech act of directives (2) Finding whether there are significant differences in students’ performance between the two areas of the test .To achieve these aims, a diagnostic test has been conducted on forty students from the fourth stage at the College of Education for Humanities - University of Tikrit for the academic year 2017/2016. In order to ensure the face validity, the test is exposed to a jury of specialists in the fields of linguistics and methodology of teaching EFL who agreed upon its validity and suitability. Twenty students are randomly chosen for the pilot study which revealed that the time needed to complete the test items is 50 minutes. As for the clarity of the items, it is noticed that most of the items are clear and the students find no difficulty in answering the test items. As for reliability, the items are divided into two halves (odd and even). Using the Pearson correlation formula, it is found out that the test reliability is 0.76 . After applying the Spearman Brown formula, it is found out the test reliability is 0.86 . This shows that the test is quite reliable and acceptable. The results of this study show that EFL College students make errors of different sources of the test . It is also clear that EFL College students encounter more and complex errors at the first part of the test ( Intended Speech Act) and that their performance is inefficient in this area .The study ends up with a number of recommendations and suggestions for further work in future .

Subject is regarded as the most significant component of a sentence, yet the other components are important too . This fact is not limited to just Arabic . But it may include different languages . The way of doing research into 'subject' is quite different from a language to another ( Hassan , 1953 : 113 ) . There must be certain limitations on how the study is carried out , otherwise the study will never come to any conclusion . So there are only five points to be the centre of attention in the study as follows : a.clarity of subject. b.subject's position in a sentence. c.subject as a single or multiple – word. d.subject to correspond with a verb in gender and e.subject is compulsory to be omitted. The study is going to be investigated based on grammatical and semantic way so as to see how Arabic and English are different in this respect. It is hypothesized that a subject is present in both Arabic and English but its traits are conceived differently based on different ways. The chief characteristics of subject in the two languages are chosen to be investigated based on the following points: (1) It is preferable to choose specific rules and semantic ways to make the fundamental qualities of subject known to the readers , (2)There must be a condition that puts a limit on the subject ; referring to only fixed rules concern the subject and to explain the intended meaning and (3) The way of understanding the characters of subject in Arabic is different from that of English . In conclusion , a comparison Arabic with English in this respect shows that the English readers may face a multitude of difficulties to realize this topic well ; unlike the Arab readers who can conceive the study easily .

Using conversation in teaching EFL assessment subject is a student- centered technique that belongs to the active learning by which students compose their own conversation to explain the material themselves using all their potentials, innovations, technologies… etc to help their instructor have an objective impression about what they really can do in class if they are given the opportunity. After being taught according to a traditional method for twenty hours, two hours per a week, a test in EFL assessment subject was administered among eighty-six seniors in the department of English-College of Education-University of Samarra to choose the sample of the study. The average score of the students' scores was calculated and only fifty students whose scores had one standard deviation above or below the average score had been chosen as the sample of the study. Then, the average score of the scores of the sample was calculated. The test consisted of twelve items. The sample then had been taught for twenty hours, two hours per a week by using conversation as a kind of active learning.
According to this technique, students were allowed to compose their own conversation to explain the material using all what they want to use of strategies, technologies and equipment. The instructor's interference was very limited. After that a post-test consisting of nine items was administered among the students of the sample. The first aim of the study was measuring the effectiveness of the technique of using conversation while the second aim was finding out whether there was a significant difference between the males' achievement and the females' achievement in the pre-test and the post-test. Results were analyzed by using SPSS. Concerning the first aim, the technique proved to be effective and regarding the second aim, there was no significant difference between the males' achievement and the females' achievement in the pre-test and the post-test.