Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

This study was carried out to detect the contamination of broiler's feed with aflatoxins. A total of (42) different feed samples collected randomly from broiler's farms of Al- Diwaniya on 2 seasons , winter (Dec, Jan and Feb) and summer (May, June and July). (21) samples of each season. ELISA test was used for detection of contamination. The results showed occurrence of contamination with aflatoxin in (39) samples with percent (92.85%) and was only (3) samples (7.15%) free from aflatoxin. The contamination range between (0.5-140.3) part per billion (ppb) (μ/kg) with average mean (13.56) ppb , all samples of winter season were contaminated with aflatoxin (100%) while the contamination in (18) samples from summer season (85.71%). The quantity of aflatoxin in (7) samples (19.9%) a crossed the allowed limits determined by US-FDA.

Live attenuated vaccine of Strept. equi equi was prepared by culturing the bacteria in increasing concentration of acriflavin beginning from 2ppm to 16ppm by 77 passage for three months.The first group recived submucosal injection in the upper lip , and the second group recived intranasal installation of the vaccine. The titer of antibodies in the first group was 853.33 ± 107.93 8 weeks post vaccination, & 384 ± 57.24 in the second group with significant difference at the level of P< 0.05 between the two groups. Both groups did not show any clinical findings after challenge dose , while the control group died.

This study was undertaken to knowledge the chemical composition of some farm animals ( cow,buffalo,sheep and goat ) by using ultrasonic milk analyzer . This method was used first time in our country in the feiled of milk hygiene to determine and comparsion the composition percent of raw milk for farm animals as attempt to protect the health of consumers . 240 raw milk samples for each species of animals included in this study for two different season of year ,first (Novembe 2009 - January 2010) , second from (May – July 2010) . The chemical analysis from milk samples for cows, buffaloes, sheep and goat show the percentage of composition as follow : Fat percentages were % , %, % and % ,respectively. Solid non fat compounds (SNF) percentages were % , % , % and % ,respectively.Protein percentages were %, %, % and % ,respectively .Lactose percentages were % , % , % and % ,respectively . Season of year had a significant effect on percentage of milk composition .

The present study conducted to determine the effect of different doses (100, 200 and 300 mg / kg of body weight) of alcoholic extract of bitter melon in the functions of the testis. The results of the current study, showed these doses have caused a decrease in concentration of the testosterone compared with the control group, as well as the increase in the level of cholesterol, in addition to gross changes an increaseing in the size andcongestion of testis from mild to severe, compared with control group, in addition to necrosis and destruction in the cells of Leydig cells, which ranged also from the simple to the broad and destroy the spermatocytes and sperm and desquamation in the lumen of seminephrous tubules, and these lesions suited with dose given to male rats. Conclude from this study that the dose of 300 mg/kg of body weight of alcoholic extract of bitter melon have had the biggest impact on the functions of the testis to have had the impact in a significant decrease in the concentration of the testosterone, and increase in the concentration of cholesterol, also an increase in weight of testis, with testicular congestion and severe destruction of leydig cells with necrosis and desquamation of spermatocytes and sperm in the lumen of seminepherous tubule

The purpose of this researcher was to evaluate the effect of the enrofloxacine on the immune response for ND vaccine at age of 27 days, fifty chicks are used devided in to five groups,10 chicks for each group, the first group designed A as control without treatment second group designed B treated with prophylactic dose of enrofloxacine ,third group was designed C was treated wit the normal treatment dose the fourth group was designed asD treated with dose ranging between prophylactic and treatment dose .fifth group designed E treated with over dose of enrofloxacin, the result of this research proved that the prophylactic dose enhance the immune response for the ND vaccine significantly at level of 0,01.compared with control and other treated groups, although treated group C,D and E with no sig.dif comparing to control level 0.01.

The effect of water extract of garlic on hard ticks in comparison with cypermethrin by using spray method in vitro and in vivo. The result of this experiment reveals that 250 mg/ml water extract the most effective concentration on ticks than other concentrations, while 1mL/L of cypermethrin more effective than garlic extract with significant variation of probability (P<0.05). The toxicity of garlic was examined on the back of rabbits histological and pathological changes were studied.

117908 head of ruminant slaughtered at Al-Najaf abattoir from 1/1/2009 to 30/12/2009, were examined for Liver fluke and Lungworm prevalence. The study samples include( 60430 sheeps , 31375 goats ,19430 cattles , 2526 buffaloes and 4147 camels ).The incidence rate of Liver fluke was % in cattles , % in` buffalos , % in sheeps , % in goats , and there is no infection in camels .While the incidence rate of Lungworm was % in cattles ,% in sheeps,and % in goats, but no infection recorded in buffalos and camels. The highest infection rate with liver fluke in cattles, buffalos, sheeps was in autumn in a rate of %,%,% respectively ,while in goats was in winter(%).while the lowest rate was in cattles, buffalos,& goats was in springs % , % ,%,while in sheeps in winter (%) .The study also show that highest infection rate with Lungworm of cattles, sheeps , & goats was in winter (%, %,%)respectively. The lowest rate of them was in summer(0.038 % , 0.103 % , 0.023 %

This study was conducted to draw the epidemiological map of FMD in Iraq at 2006,2007,2008 and the first semester of 2009 according to the data of State Company ofVeterinary Service \Minstry of Agriculture, and Kurdstan Territory .That show centralize of FMD in infection in province that adjacent to neighbor countries which FMD were recorded in it , and the animal movement led to spread the disease to another provinces. And also revealed the highest prevalence percentage in cow in the first semester of 2009 about 21.59 % and the highest prevalence was recorded in AL Basrha province as 8.5 % . The highest prevalence of disease in sheep was recorded at 2007 as 4.074% and highest percentage was determined in AL Basrha province (3.150 %) . In August ,the highest prevalence percentage of FMD was showed in cattle ,while in sheep was recorded at June as 0.026% ,0.566% in 2008 respectively . In AD Diwaniyah province ,the highest prevalence percentage of FMD infection was recorded as 0.253 %,0.119 % in Cow and sheep respectively . In AL Najaf province ,the prevalence of FMD in buffalo was recorded as 0.904 % at the first semester of 2009, and the highest morbidity rate was showed in April in the same year .

This study carried out in animal house in medicine collage in al-kofa university ,there are 32 local rabbits were used which ranged between(11-12) months in age, and (1100-1600) gm in weight ,all rabbits was femal only.The animals were divided into four equal groups , each group contain 8 animals, the first one leaved as control and the others drenched by 7,14 and 21 mg of vitamin C for each Kg.B.W. daily for 3 weeks, and the management conditions are similar in all groups.The results of the microscopic study show the presence of many of the histological changes as a result of treatment with vitamin and found dilation of renal tubules and small glomeruli when dosage the animals with 7 mg / kg of vitamin C, as results showed the sever dilation in the renal tubules with the survival of glomeruli are normal, as well as to the presence hemorrhage in the kidney tissue at the dosage of animals with 14 mg / kg of the vitamin, as the results indicate the emergence of necrosis and expanded greatly in tubules kidney for females with deposit of hyaline with vitamin C concentration of 21 mg / kg with the appearance of cloudy swelling in renal tubules and the lumen appear star shape, stars with get destroyed in the glomeruli.

Two hundred and four broiler chicks have were divided into six groups, each group inoculated a vaccine as follows: (G1) BUR-706, (G2) IBD-L, (G3) TAD, (G4) CH/80, (G5)D78 and (G6) considered as control group without any treatment. Histopathologic examination was carried out on Bursa of Fabricius (BF), spleen, thymus, Harderian's gland and cecal tonsils. Score lesions of BF were determined and Apoptosis score of cells was estimated using Ag-NOR silver nitrate stain. The pathological changes observed 24 hours post vaccination were interfollicular edema in the BF with depletion of lymphocytes in the follicles and congestion hemorrhage, also, depletion of lymphocytes in spleen, thymus, Harderian's gland and cecal tonsils. Bursal lesion scores (BLS) showed disappearance of negative impact of the vaccine gradually. Apoptosis test was done on the less affected groups (G1 and G2) showed significant increase in the cells.

This study was conducted to detect the microbial numbers and species that associated the local and imported beef carcasses and the sanitary conditions for the slaughterhouses and the butcher’s shops in Al-Diwaniya city, and the possibility of illness germs existence that are connected with the food poisoning and gastroenteritis cases in human, like Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli and other fungi like Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus spp. and others, in one hundred and sixty samples of beef carcasses (80 samples of local meat and 80 samples of imported meat) . The results showed that the total count of aerobic bacteria and Fungi for the beef carcasses when results statistically analysis under possibility level (P<0.05) show indicated of low significant differences between the local and imported meat , the local meat was more contamination than the imported meat , while the fungal contamination in imported meat was more than the local meat . Isolation and Identification of bacterial species from the local and imported meat and from the swabs which taken during this study , were Staphylococcus aureus (46.30 % in the local meat & 37.88 % in the imported meat ) , Escherichia coli (41.94 % in the local meat & 43.17 % in the Imported meat ) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.73 % in the local meat & 12.77 % in the Imported meat ) and Proteus spp. (2.01% in the local meat & 3.96% in Imported meat) , while the most common fungi were Penicillium notatum (62.83% in the local meat & 73.77% in the Imported meat) , Aspergillus niger (24.77% in the local meat & 11.47% in the Imported meat ) , Alternaria alternata (7.07% in the local meat & 9.83% in the Imported meat) ,Aspergillus candidas (4.42% in the local meat ) , Aspergillus fumigatus (0.88% in the local meat & 3.27% in the Imported meat) and Aspergillus spp. (1.63% in the Imported meat ).The Flavonoid extract of Black Mustard seeds (Brassica nigra) show inhibition activity in growth of the following bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (Penicillum notatum , Aspergillus niger , Alternaria alternata ) and in all concentrations that uses (25,50,75,100) mg/ml , while Escherichia coli showed susceptibility in the concentration (75,100) mg/ ml and the results showed differential in the extract activity according to Microbial kinds that uses in this study that belong to species of bacteria and fungi and its structure. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of extract have been determined and in bacteria was (30) mg/ ml for each S. aureus and Ps. aeruginosa and (40) mg/ml for E. coli .and the Minimum bactericidal Concentration was (70)mg/ml for all bacteria which examined , while in fungi the minimum Inhibition concentration was (0.25) mg/ ml and the Minimum fungicidal Concentration was (5) mg/ml for all examined fungi

The aim of present study detection of Fascioliasis in sheep and cattle immunologically in dewania city by using ELISA test. The results showed high percentage of seropositive sheep and cattle as 76.7% and 74.5% respectively .
The results of this study revealed an association between the percentage of infected animals and age , so the cattle with age more than and less than one year give 82.3% and 17.6% respectively while the sheep in the same above ages recorded 44.1% and 55.8% respectively

This study was carried out at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, for three month's, aiming to studythe shelf life of frozen ground beef of retail storage's in Baghdad by evaluation some chemical and quality characteristics. The data obtained revealed the following result's: Haaila mark of ground beef had the highest percentage of moisture (76.1%), with lowest percentage of lipid, ash, carbohydrates, and protein. Awal mark of ground beef had the highest percentage of lipid ranged (6.3-6.6%),with lowest percentage of protein, carbohydrates and ash. Ahul Al beadier mark of ground beef had highest percentage of carbohydrates especially for Babb Al-muddam region retail storages (4.48%), with lowest percentage of lipid, ash, and protein. Quality test indicated that thawing loss percentages were high, specially in Ahul-al beadier and Haaila marks which were (9.4%) for Al-mansour region retail storages. Myoglobin concentration was low for all marks of ground beef specially Haaila mark of ground beef for Dourra region retail storages were 111mg / 100g meat, T.V.N., F.F.A., P.V. and T.B.A. test values were in the allowance limits for Iraq specification of ground beef. The results indicated that necessary to make routine chemical checking and evaluation to keep a good nutritional value of the ground beef for consumer then the safe public health.

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin E in modulating the side effect of cold-stress in broilers. Sixty (21 day old) Ross broiler chicks were randomly divided into two equal groups (2 replicates, 15 for each). All chicks were exposed to low environmental temperature (13°C) for 12 hours / day (06:00 p.m. to 06:00 a.m.) for 7 days. At the same day, tap drinking water were used for control group, and the drinking water for treatment group supplemented with Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) at a concentration of 15 I.U.\L of drinking water.Results revealed that supplementation the drinking water of birds with Vitamin E resulted in significant decrease in heterophil / Lymphocyte (H/L)ratio (P<0.05), and blood glucose (P< 0.001) as compared with control group. The body weight of vitamin E treatment group were significantly ( P< 0.01) higher than control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell Volume (PCV). The mortality rate was lower in vitamin E treatment group (3.33 %) as compared to control group (10 %).Results of the present study indicate that vitamin E supplements attenuate the negative effect of low environmental temperature by decreasing H/L ratio , blood glucose, and mortality rate while increasing body weight in cold-stressed chickens.