AL-Anbar University journal of Economic and Administration Sciences

The purpose of the boycott should be to protect the consumer from the harmful effects of the use and consumption of foreign goods and services, including those produced by goods that are hidden from health effects. People have the right to choose goods and services and they have the right to choose between buying and refraining. The problem of control of Turkish goods and services is one of the most important problems imposed on the people in Erbil city due to the lack of local goods, which are beginning to take on serious economic and social dimensions, and affect the decision-making process in the selection of goods and services in the study area. In this light, the research analyzes the impact of the sustainable boycott on local production in Erbil, and as a result the research aimed to analyze and show the impact of sustainable boycott on consumer trends and on the future of local production and economic growth in Erbil. Through the results of the research' it has been proven that there is a clear and positive impact of sustainable boycott on local production in the region in general and in Erbil in particular, meaning that there is a direct relationship between the sustainable province and local production .

The main objective of the research is to employ all the specific positive indicators contained in the concepts of urban sustainability as the goals achieved on the social, economic and environmental aspects and to establish a sound framework by prioritizing sustainable development in the urban planning and design. There was a weakness in the implementation of the master plans of the cities in question through the continuous change in land use and the overlap between these uses as found in the master plan, which negatively affected the dimensions of sustainable development. The research dealt with the reality of land use, infrastructure and energy in Ramadi city and about the extent to which urban sustainable development indicators are being achieved. SPSS program was used to analyze the answers of the sample. The main findings of the research are that all uses (residential, commercial, and industrial) are higher than the standard specified in Ramadi city, as well as in the city of Anh where the uses were higher than the standard (residential, commercial). Except for industrial it is below standard, The poor delivery of community services and anchor structures to informal areas because they are not planned and outside the baseline of the city. The results of the statistical analysis show that there are no significant differences (non-significant) for the following axes (residential, commercial, industrial), and that there are significant differences for the axes of the infrastructure and energy axis.

Oil acquires its importance from its nature as a strategic commodity and has an effective impact on various economic activity, and plays a fundamental role in defining the course and nature of sustainable development, and is a major source of income for producing countries, as well as tracking its importance as an important commodity in foreign trade, as the economy has suffered from abnormal conditions It lasted more than three decades, starting with the Iraq-Iran war at the beginning of the eighties of the last century and then the first Gulf war in (1991) and the economic blockade, and the second Gulf war in (2003) then the terrorist organizations and their implications for indicators of sustainable development. Iraq.
In Iraq, the oil sector is the backbone of the Iraqi economy, like other developing countries, there is still the sector's dominant economic active, constitutes up to (2/3) of the gross domestic product and about 92% of the total government financial revenues and up to 98% of total exports For all, this research came to review the oil revenues in Iraq from crude oil exports, and the possibility of investing these revenues in achieving sustainable development.

The rapid change in the world at all levels, especially economic, From them requires careful reading of the global oil scene especially in its ecogeopolytic dimension Iraq is a magnet for global competition on oil, with its huge reserves and strategic location there is no doubt that the united States of america has its oil strategy toward the middle east not long ago since the beginning, it has been trying to draw a strategy to dominate the global energy market this is due to the enjoyment of the united States of america of geopolitical, military and major ingredients likewise, because of the importance of oil, the global dependence on it isincreasingwhere oil is similar to an economic weapon that surpasses the most powerful international weapons In this context, the research comes in an attempt to give an idea of on the most important pillars of the us oil strategy what are the measures to be taken to face the economic repercussions that this strategy leaves the iraqi economy.

The research aims to determine the impact of financial and monetary policy indicators on the performance of the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period (2009-2018) to serve the Iraq Stock Exchange. The research has relied on data issued by the Central Bank and the Iraq Stock Exchange. Excel has been used to find out the explanatory power of variables The research then studies the extent to which independent and exemplary variables (inflation, exchange rate, interest rate, government debt, public revenue, public expenditures) are related to the performance of the Iraq Stock Exchange, and the research has reached the following conclusions: - The research results confirm the fluctuating effect Indicators Monetary and financial policy on stock market performance indicators. The inflation index is considered the most among the independent variables that affect the performance of the stock market, due to its effect on three sub variables within the dependent variable represented by the stock market performance indicators, as well as the results of the analysis showed that the least impact indicators within the monetary and financial policy The performance indicators of the stock market were represented by general revenues, as it affected a significant relationship on trading volume only, and general revenues did not affect other indicators

This research provides practical and realistic treatments to treat the shock of external debt and its impact on some of the macroeconomic variables represented by (Gross Domestic Product, Wide Money Supply, and Public Expenditure) in the Iraqi economy for the period (1990-2017) the research has objectively discussed the structural imbalances in the Iraqi economy that were caused by the distortion of the output structure gross domestic product that relies heavily on unstable oil revenues and weak exotic options that make public expenditure a variable bound by limited sources and therefore heavily dependent on borrowing from abroad, In addition to the influence of the wide money supply variable on the part of foreign reserves, of which the external debt contributes in a large part.
The results of the analytical side confirmed that the external debt shock is one of the most important shocks influenced by the macroeconomic variables and that these variables are negatively and positively affected by the shock of the external debt, And that the GDP variable goes along with the economic cycles along the length of the study while the two economic policy variables are unique (Public Expenditure and Wide Money Supply) with two tracks, One of them does not match the economic courses specifically for the period (1990-2002) and the other tracks the economic courses for the period (2003-2017).
While the results of the Econometric side showed that the pulse response functions of the external debt shock model lead to the occurrence of a shock by one standard deviation that reflects a negative response that results in a decrease in the Gross Domestic Product and a positive response that raises the Wide Money Supply as a result of the expansionary policy and a negative response that reduces the impact of Public Expenditure.

Investment is a certain humanitarian financial coverage for future development and the paper deals with the role of Investment in integrated rural development events. The paper aims to pay attention to agricultural development through agricultural Investment in rural development. The papers assumption are that there is a relationship between the ability to implement development programs provide needs and develop rural development leading to increasing national income through Agricultural Investment . The paper is based on the inference and inductive approach and interpretation of information .The study found the following results: recommendation: reforming the infrastructure of rural development and achieving the desired objectives and the importance of the balanced Investment structure of the nature of Agricultural activity.

The study aims to identify the extent of the contribution of Covid-19 measures to developing the skills of university leaders and changing their convictions about the e-learning system and adopting it more broadly in the future as one of the options available to Iraqi universities as an alternative to traditional education.
The study community was represented by a number of Iraqi universities, and the leaderships were chosen in them represented by (president of university and his assistants, dean and his assistants, and ending with head of the department and head of branch) as a sample for the study, and an electronic questionnaire was used and distributed to the study sample through social media and e-mail.
The number of returned questionnaires were 319, and the statistical analysis conducted by using the SPSS 21. The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important conclusion is: there is clear change in developing skills and changing the university leadership's convictions in using e-learning, which will contribute to facilitate applying e-learning as a main factor in supporting the quality of educational process in universities by integrating it with traditional education. The study presented a set of recommendations, the most important one is: The universities under study has to provide the appropriate infrastructure for e-learning and use it to support traditional education in the post-Covid-19.

The research aimed to measure the efficiency of the performance of the General Company for Pharmaceutical Industries and Medical Supplies in Samarra, and identify the efficiency of its performance for the period 2012 - 2017, with an indication of the extent of its ability to work as an Iraqi national public company, and to determine growth prospects in its business.
The horizontal and vertical analysis method was used for the financial statements of the General Company for Pharmaceutical Industries and Medical Supplies in Samarra for the period from 2012 to 2017, in addition to some profitability and activity ratios in evaluating the financial performance of the company. The period under study, where the losses achieved during this period were reduced to 89% to 8%, which resulted from an increase in the value of sales during the same period by 40,038 forty billion and thirty-eight million Iraqi dinars, with an increase in turnover Inventory by 0.8 And the turnover of assets by 0.17 times, in addition to the increase in profit growth and sales indicators.
The study recommended that the General Company for Pharmaceutical Industries and Medical Supplies in Samarra should not be offered for foreign investment, because it is a symbol of the national industry and its ability to continue to work efficiently, and have a clear and important impact on the lives of the Iraqi people, with its ability to support the Iraqi economy. .

The research aims to identify the requirements of applying the financial reporting standard no. (16), Accounting for leases contracts, and advantages and disadvantages of this type of financial lease, statement of financial lease contracts and important for the economic sectors. In order to achieve the objectives of the research and answer the question, the researchers organized a questionnaire directed to the economic units that have a finance lease analyzed by statistical methods, specifically the statistical program (EVIEWS V.9) through which the objectives were achieved and answer the question posed and the research reached several conclusions Of which the economic units of the research sample are committed to applying the provisions of Financial Reporting Standard No. 16 in terms of the scope of classification to financial lease contracts or operating leases. The results also show that the economic units of the research sample are committed to the application of the item of recognition of profits, which is one of the items of financial reporting standard No. (16). The study recommended several economic units to apply the financial reporting standard No. 16 as it applies its articles, which requires it to show this application to the standard in six accounts declared at the end of the financial year in the financial statements of these companies. The concerned bodies (the Financial Control Bureau and the specialized body of the accounting rules) must apply the standards and rules of accounting, education and compliance with such standards for the benefit of them and the investors in these companies.

The research aims to identify the relationship of total quality management applications in administrative change at the University of Mosul, by focusing on the fundamentals of total quality management in the university represented by focusing on students, organizational culture, supporting higher quality management, continuous improvement, focusing on academics, and quality assurance. And the relationship of these elements to administrative change in the university. The sample of the research included (130) workers in the division of quality assurance and university performance in the colleges of the University of Mosul, and the two researchers used the descriptive approach for its suitability and the nature of the research, and the use of the questionnaire form as a tool to collect information, and the data were processed using descriptive statistical tools, such as the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages, The correlation coefficient test, the regression coefficient, and the research reached several results, the most important of which are: that the tendencies of the workers in the Quality Assurance Division on the applications of total quality management at the university were good. Areas that will raise their academic level in line with the processes of continuous change locally and globally.

The issue of environmental pollution is an important and renewable topic due to the pollution suffered by the global environment, as well as the Iraqi environment and Bashar in particular, as it is an oil zone with a high gas emissions that cause a lot of health risks for the Bashar society . For this ,the study came to explain how are application of environmental audit in public companies, especially the South Oil Company, as a result of the nature of its activity. The study was divided into three sections, the first section is the methodology of the study, and the second theoretical section about the environmental audit, while the third section was addressed the practical aspect of the study to test the hypothesis of the study and in the end ,The research reached to the most important conclusions which is that it is important to apply environmental audit in public companies to reduce the environmental risks affecting the surrounding environment and can only do so by the presence of a legal text, and activate the role of external control on companies on the environmental side and most importantly to make a change on the unified accounting system followed in the largest Iraqi public companies ,because this system neglects the environmental aspect.

The research aims to explain the role of strategic thinking in its dimensions (strategic intent, holistic thinking, leadership assumptions, and thinking in time) in activating the creative capabilities of business organizations, and it was applied in a sample of private Iraqi banks, including both (Baghdad Bank, the Middle East Investment Bank, the bank Al-Ahly Iraqi, Khaleeji Commercial Bank, Al-Warka Bank for Investment), and the research was launched from a problem that is there a role for strategic thinking in activating the creative capabilities of business organizations. The questionnaire was adopted as a main tool for data collection, and it represents the research community (a sample of private Iraqi banks operating in the governorate of Baghdad), and the sample consisted of (deputy director assistants and section managers in public administrations) in it, by (62) officials. A number of statistical methods were used in analyzing data and extracting results using the SPSS V.22 program. The research reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which was that the researched Iraqi private banks managed to employ strategic thinking in activating their creative capabilities, and the research recommended the need for these banks to be more concerned with the dimension (thinking in time) to achieve the desired effect in the ability to adapt.

The current research seeks to identify the nature of the relationship and impact is between of self-marketing and customer satisfaction for the views of a sample of the sixth scientific students in the city of Mosul through the research problem that has been identified by several research questions .
Is there a significant effect of self-marketing in the satisfaction of the customer in a number of hypotheses have emerged from .
These hypotheses that show the correlation and effect relationship between the variable of research
A sample of 100 female students of the sixth science was selected in the city of Mosul , the questionnaire for data acquisition was adopted , several statistical methods were used to analyze the data and extract the results using a program SPSS .
The research several conclusions , including the existence of significant correlation between self-marketing and consumer satisfaction , the ended with a set of proposals that benefit the individuals in question .

The research aims to know open innovation as a new cognitive approach to deal with the knowledge economy relying on knowledge as its most important asset, and a basic source for building the strategic reputation (identity and image of the organization), by achieving integration of ideas and keeping pace with progress and development to provide the best innovative services that are unprecedented, and to achieve the goal. The researcher relied on the investigative-analytical approach based on studying the relationships between the dimensions and the variables derived from their data from the researched organizations, and the research community was represented by the administrative leaders who numbered (93) from whom an intentional sample was chosen according to the equation (Krejeie & Morgan, 1970) by (76), collected The data through them through the questionnaire as the main tool for research, and the research reached a set of results, the most prominent of which is (it was found that the researched organizations (pen, book) work according to agreements and memoranda of understanding on an internal and external level (open innovation) in order to address all unexpected changes and keep abreast of developments Because it achieves opportunities for success, development, leadership and precedence), and on its light the researcher presented a set of proposals, the most important of which is (the necessity of spreading the culture of open innovation. Through knowledge-based cooperation, identifying the advantages of working with them, and activating ideas in tangible assets because they represent a source of value, especially since it is the strength of the researched organizations).

The current research aims to show how powerful is the Leveraging of servant leadership through its dimensions (vision, developing the capabilities of workers, empowerment, ethical practices) in building strategies the management of talents of individuals working through its dimensions (strategy to attract talents, strategy to develop talents, strategy to maintain talents, strategy Job placement planning (at the University of Fallujah, and to achieve the goals of the research, the researchers designed the questionnaire as a tool for collecting information. Administration and economics, law, veterinary medicine, Islamic sciences, medicine, and applied sciences) that makeup (42) employees from the totals of colleges at the University of Fallujah, and they are (dean of the college, assistant dean, department heads, and individual managers), and by relying on a group of The statistical means chosen to study the relationship and effect represented by (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, and simple linear regression). The research reached several results, the most important of which is that there is a relationship of influence and influence between the servant leadership and the management of human talents among its leaders, which is an effective means for success, development and progress at the University of Fallujah. On the ground and made them set an example for other workers at the University of Fallujah

The phenomenon of hypocrisy is a major problem as it is one of the prevailing diseases in many organizations as a result of the deviant behavior practiced by some of its employees. Accordingly the research problem raises several questions: Does the phenomenon of job hypocrisy exist in the researched organizations? Are employees acknowledge that they are practicing hypocrisy or throw it on their peers? what is the relationship between hypocrisy and manager authority?. So the research aims to diagnose the extent of this phenomenon and know its effects on some undesirable behaviors in the organization through A questionnaire was designed and distributed to a sample of employees in a number of organizations in Nineveh Governorate, the number retrieved from which is valid for analysis (459). The data was analyzed by the statistical program (SPSS. Vers.24) and the research reached a number of results, the most important of which is that hypocrisy is a widely spread phenomenon in the researched organizations, and that most employees throw their peers in to practicing hypocrisy, and there is a significant correlation between some worker behaviors and job hypocrisy, as well On the fact that hypocrisy has an effect on some undesirable behaviors in the organization, such as increased grumbling and dissatisfaction, law loyalty and spreading a weakness and frustration among employees. The results also showed that there is a difference in the practice of hypocrisy according to some personal variables, including sex and marital status. The research also presented a set of recommendations that can help in reducing this phenomenon.

This research aimed at the possibility of Application Total productive maintenance pillars (TPM) for a number of health centers in the city of Mosul, and to achieve this, a hypothetical model was presented that includes Total productive maintenance pillars and a number of hypotheses were formulated. The questionnaire form was used as a basic tool for collecting data and information with the use of a number One of the statistical methods for testing research hypotheses using the ready-made program SPSS 22, and the search answers the following questions: 1 / What is the extent of the knowledge of health center workers in search of the concept and the pillars of Total productive maintenance? 2 / Do workers in the health center under discussion seek to implement Total productive maintenance pillars? 3 / What is the most important pillar in the respondent's health centers? The research reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which is: The health centers under consideration can apply the Total productive maintenance pillars adopted in the research, and in light of the conclusions a number of recommendations were given, the most prominent of which was the need to work on spread the concepts of Total productive maintenance pillars in the health centers under consideration and making them the responsibility of the workers All.

Palm trees are among the most widespread trees in the Arab world, as they give a distinctive and beautiful view of gardens and squares, as their ability to grow is very large compared to others, which increases people's desire to plant them in their gardens, but this does not mean that they grow alone without care or irrigation, but rather needs simple care. Irrigation and fertilization starting from its selection of cultivation, and since there is more than one indicator of the success of date palm cultivation, we took a set of approved variables (indicators of date palm cultivation) and a set of independent influencing variables focusing on the variables that showed statistically significant correlation in the correlation matrix. To find out the most influential variables on the indicators of agriculture, we used the orthodox correlation, which is a statistical method that determines the relationship between two groups of variables by searching for the linear combination of the original variables of the two groups that have links as the most adopted variables were the response of the number of palm trees and the total palm in the production stage and the most independent variables effect is production Actual waterproof in every province.

The research dealt with one of the most important important human resource management systems, which deals with the compensation system for workers, according to which the worker is granted compensation and rewards for his work, through the use of appropriate and modern compensation mechanisms instead of the traditional mechanisms in order to get rid of problems and complaints raised about it when calculating bonuses and promotions for workers, as it was targeted The research measures the possibility of applying these mechanisms using the Microsoft Access program at the University of Mosul, and in order to achieve that goal, the research adopted several hypotheses centered on the lack of awareness of the employees at the researched university about the mechanisms used to calculate the bonuses and promotions within the compensation system prevailing in it. The research also adopted the descriptive applied approach in presenting and discussing data, as the approach works to associate the description of the case with its analysis and draw conclusions about it. For the purpose of collecting data on the research problem, an examination form was used that was distributed to a sample of (65) employees at the University of Mosul, and with the help of a set of statistical methods, the data of the practical aspect was analyzed that included an analysis of the responses of the respondents at the University of Mosul, and the research concluded the necessity of activating the work of systems Compensation by using electronic technologies instead of current technologies, and in a way in which human resources management bypasses the complaints and failures associated with the prevailing technologies. The research also recommended the necessity for the administration of the researched university to continuously update and develop the information systems used within the human resources unit, and to interact with electronic programs and systems that would raise the level of performance and reduce the failures that may occur with it when calculating individuals ’employment benefits..

The study aimed to clarify the impact of political instability on the public resources of the state in Sudan during the period (1989-mid of 2019). The historical and descriptive analytical approaches were used. Central Bank of Sudan annual reports and previous studies data were collected. The results found that political instability negatively affect the efficient uses of public resources. Also secession of South Sudan in the year 2011 led to deterioration the performance of the Sudan economy. The study recommends that there is need to enhancing the indicators of political stability through equitable distribution of public resources to achieve the economic and social development.