Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

Background :EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli (ETEC) isolates are genetically diverse pathological variants of ETEC defined by the production of heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) toxins, ETEC strains are estimated to cause hundreds of millions of cases of diarrheal illness annually, however, it is not clear that all strains are equally equipped to cause disease, and asymptomatic colonization with ETEC is common in low- to middle-income regions lacking basic sanitation and clean water where ETEC are ubiquitous.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at University of Al-Qadsiyah, College of Biotechnology. Eighty samples were collected from child diarrheal Patients (under 6 years old) that has been diagnosed by using Vitek and PCR technique. It included stool samples from Iraqi patients with diarrhea.
Result:In bacterial isolate distribution according to sample collection it was showed that60 of specimens (75%) were Gram negative fermenting bacteria detected as E.coli, while 20 of specimens (25%) were another enteric bacteria .Antimicrobial susceptibility test of E.coli isolates showed thatE.coli isolates were more sensitive to Amoxicillin (AMC), Piperacillin-Tazobactum (TZP), Entapenem (ERT), Imipenem (IPM) and Meropenem (MRP). While the isolates were resist to Ampicillin (AMP), Piperacillin (PR), Ciprofloxacillin (CIP), Norfloxacillin (NOR), Trimethoprem –Sulfamethoxazole (TM-SMX) and Cefotaxime (CTX).The determination of LTI, STa and STb genes gene in E.coli isolates using mPCR technique showed that 50% isolates were positive for both LTI and STb genes, while no Escherichia coli isolates showed positivity for STa gene.
Conclusion:Our outcomes showed a moderate rate of LTI and STbgenes virulence factor in EnteroToxigenicEsherichiacoli which may play a significant role in antibiotic resistance.

Background :S. aureus is capable of acquiring resistance to antibiotics through several processes. Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common pediatric bacterial infection affecting approximately 80% of children prior to the age of 3 years Acute otitis media. AOM is the primary reason for the prescription of antibiotics in children Understanding the epidemiology and the etiology of AOM is important for the clinical selection of empiric treatment.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at University of Al-Qadsiyah, Iraq. One hundred samples were collected from children Patients (3 years old) that has been diagnosed by using Vitek and PCR technique. The study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Staph. aureus bacteria in AOM child patients, multiplex PCR was done to test the prevalence of resistance genes then sensitivity test was done.
Result:After collecting 100 samples 60 (65%) were S. aureus, while 25 (25%) were as E.coli and 10 (10%) Streptococcus bacteria.Antibiotic sensitivity testwas done using 19 antibiotics, S. aureus bacteria were sensitive to Amikacin, Ciprofloxacillin, Clindamycin, Gentamycin, Levofloxacin, Meropenem, Linezolid, Vancomycin, Rifampicin, Tetracycline and Tobramycin. WhileS. aureus bacteria were resist to Flomoxef, Nitrofurantoin, Olfofloxacin,Benzylpenicillin, Oxacillin, Trimethoprem, Trimethoprem –Sulfamethoxazole and Mezlocillin.twenty isolates of S. aureus were examined for the presence of mecA , ermA, ermB, and ermC gene, which coding for bacterial resistance. The positive mecA , ermA, ermB, and ermC were showed in percentage of 100%, 35%, 20% and 15% respectively.
Conclusion:Our outcomes showed high prevalence of mecA gene in S. aureus which may play a significant role in antibiotic resistance.