Engineering and Technology Journal

The relativistic self focusing of an intense laser beam, propagating in plasma with longitudinal static magnetic field, has been studied. The laser with Gaussian intensity distribution propagates in plasma. The extent of self focusing increases with increasing of magnetic field. Both the minimum beam width parameter and the self focusing length decrease with increase the magnetic field. The relativistic self focusing of laser beam is increased with the increase of plasma density and laser intensity, also the laser beam gets self-focused at minimum values and then diverges due to the natural diffraction by the plasma medium, self-focusing in a plasma can balance the natural diffraction and laser beam.

Honey is traditionally consumed as a nutrient, as well as for the enhancement of fertility. In this study, the effects of honey on reproductive hormones and histology of mice testis after 35 days of honey administrated orally. 18 adult male mice were divided into three groups: one control and two treated groups containing 6 mice in each group. Treated groups received honey in two different doses i.e 1.2 and 1.8 g/kg body weight, the results showed significant (P<0.05) increased in Testosterone, FSH and LH hormones between the three groups. Also there is significant increase in diameters of seminiferous tubules between control and the treated groups, while the results showed significant increased in primary spermatocytes and spermatids between 1.2 g/kg body weight treated group with other groups.

Silver nanoparticles were prepared by the reduction of silver salt (silver nitrate AgNO3) solution using three different methods. The main differences between these methods is by belong to the reducing agent. It is found that the prepared silver nanoparticle was pure and stable for long time. UV-VIS spectrometry indicated formation of spherical silver nano particles. The surface plasmon resonance peaks in absorption spectra for silver colloidal solution showed that the absorption maximum range was at 380- 420 nm. The structures are confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the crystallite size was determined from X-ray line broadening using the Scherrer's equation and it was about 32 nm.AFM measurements show that silver nano particles have the average diameter of 69.39 nm and 81.91 nm

Colloidal solutions of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized by laser ablation of Titanium plate in deionized water. Studies of synthesized nanoparticles suspensions were characterized by UV-VIS absorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). FTIR characterization confirms the formation of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles. TEM shows that the nanoparticles with sizes from (3 - 30) nm. The antimicrobial activity was carried out against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The Titanium dioxide nanoparticles showed inhibitory activity in bacteria.

Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) is a technique uses to print different materials with high spatial resolution for microarray preparation. In this work, the mechanism in which LIFT process effect E.coli bacteria used to produce microarray droplets from a liquid solution thin film coated a glass slide previously coated with gold of 65nm thick which was used as a laser absorbing layer. The transferred bacteria was achieved at laser fluence of 10 J/cm2 and 100 μm distance between donor and receptor substrates.
The purpose of using such a technique was to assess the impact of laser on the viability of the transferred bacteria. Scanning electron microscope observation indicated that E.coli bacterial cells integrity was maintained during the process. The bacteria was viable as tested using MacConkey agar culture media.

This paper addresses the structure, morphological and optical properties of copper oxide (CuO) thin film deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method on Sapphire substrate of 150nm thickness. The film deposited at substrate temperature (400ºC). The atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-VIS transmission spectroscopy were employed to characterize the size, morphology, crystalline structure and optical properties of the prepared thin film. The surface properties were characterized using (AFM), indicate that the average grain size less than 100nm, the surface roughness (2.69nm) and the root mean square is (3.58nm). The FTIR spectra shown strong band at about 418 cm-1and 530 cm-1 related to CuO. From the UV-VIS transmission the energy band gap (1.7eV

With the tremendous growth of information in the web, the classic query processing approaches are unable to respond to queries in real time. The aim of this paper is to develop an innovative tool using swarm intelligence to address information retrieval in the context of response time and solution quality through cope with the complexity induced by that huge volume of information. In this paper, we will show that our proposed approach that use of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm called MABC can be another alternative to palliate the complexity issue in terms of response time while it produces a solution quality is relatively convergent or even better. Experimental tests have been conducted on two well-known CACM and NPL collections. Both are different in size, CACM is small while NPL is relatively large. Numerical results exhibit the superiority and the benefit gained from using the MABC approach instead of the classic approaches.

One of the most brilliant branches of modern mathematics and computer applications is graph theory. Graph domination problem has become an extremely important research branch of graph theory in recent times. For instance, determining whether a graph has an induced matching that dominates its edges is a known problem of edges dominating set. Such problems are considered as NP-hard problems. There is, therefore, a growing interest towards finding new algorithms to produce better and more efficient results. In this paper, a new polynomial time algorithm is proposed to determine the set of edge domination. The generalized relations between graph properties (vertices, edges, regularity, and dominating edges) are deduced and abstracted in some important theoretical results, lemmas, propositions, and theorems. One field of applications for this type of domination is a secret sharing scheme. It is implemented to demonstrate its applicability and efficiency

Saline pollution attack is an important factor that leads to the deterioration of the concrete, especially in industrial plants. In spite of research address the sustainability of concrete and particularly steel rebar submeserged in it steel rebar is the most important causal factors the deterioration in the reinforced concrete the main aim of this research is study the effect of additives added to reduce superior degree water and two types of mineral additives that include silica fumes and steel fiber, as well as the combined effect of these additives on the properties of concrete. The experimental work of this measure include concrete specimens have been partially submerged in a solution of chlorides and sulfates in concentrations similar to those found in aggressive conditions. The properties of concrete specimens were evaluated through the properties investigated included ultrasonic plus velocity, compressive strength electrochemical potential for various types of mixes. Concrete mixed with 10% of silica shown development all properties of concrete, while these properties deceases values of mix reference coated with natural rubber (RFCNR) and steel fiber coated with natural rubber (STFCNR). The result coated specimens has shown resistance to corrosion greater than specimens without coated when immersion in salt solution. Thus group (RFCNR )shown more develops in all properties as compared with all other mixture immersed in salt solution for 180 days at odds with group ( SF-SP) which had development in all properties as compared with the reference mixture at 180 days of immersion in salt solution .

Noble metal silver NPs was synthesized by pulsed (Q-switched, 1064 nm Nd : YAG) laser ablation of silver metal plates immersed in double distilled and deionized water DDDW.
The formation efficiency of PLAL process was quantified in term of the surface Plasmon extinction SPE peaks. The SPE spectra show a sharp and single peak around 400 nm, indicating the production of pure and spherical Ag.
UV-Visible absorption results confirmed formation of silver particles prepared and atomic force microscope (AFM) indicates the size in nanometer (nm) range.

The objective of this study is to compare the performance of some Bayesian estimators for the shape parameter of the exponential distribution. We considered three priors: the extension of Jeffreys as non- informative prior information, as well as the inverted gamma conjugate prior and the inverted chi square prior as informative prior information's. Bayes estimators have been obtained under symmetric and asymmetric loss functions :the quadratic loss function QLF and the general entropy loss function GELF, which is a modified version of the linear exponential loss function loss function LINEX. The comparison of Bayes estimators was made through a Monte Carlo simulation study on the performance of these estimators with respect to the mean square error MSE as a measure of performance.
The results of comparison showed that Bayes estimators of the shape parameter under the GELF with proper choice of γ, is a suitable alternative to the QLF when the loss is asymmetric in nature. Comparison also show that the informative priors performed better than the non-informative prior. Accordingly; if adequate information is available about the parameters it is preferable to use conjugate informative priors, otherwise the extension of Jeffreys prior gives quite reasonable results