Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences

Petroleum wax is a polymer completely similar to ethylene with a high degree of crystalline and linearity. The method of mixing polymer with wax is one of the most common methods used in the field of improving the specifications of polymeric materials and making them widely used in various industrial fields. By mixing wax with different proportions of the polymer, to obtain better specifications in terms of solubility, hardness, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. Thus, it can be used in the electrical industries. This study examines some characteristics of the prepared wax such hardness, melting point, ash percentage, and electrical conductivity.

The process of mixing with different percentages of wax, polyethylene and nano silver led to a clear increase in the electrical conductivity property, as the increase in the proportion of nano silver led to an increase in electrical conductivity. The polymer worked to prevent silver nanoparticles from clumping and making them cover the surface of the polymer, and thus an electrical circuit was made without metal wires.

High Performance Concrete (HPB) is an innovative concrete that finds its place in modern constructions. New techniques for formulating and designing high-performance concrete have improved durability and achieved outstanding mechanical properties compared to conventional concrete, acause thanks to the improvement of its rheological qualities and its very limited porosity.

This has allowed to expand his field of employment especially in aggressive environments. Natural aggregates, frequently used, are now a non-renewable resource whose accessibility is continually declining.

Recycling of High Performance Concrete (HPC) waste in the form of recycled aggregates in the manufacture of a new range of high-performance recycled concrete with improved properties will lead to an understanding between performance and cost in order to achieve a resistant material with durability increased.

The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the characteristics of high performance recycled concrete aggregates based on two types of mineral additions (silica smoke, slag) which influence the properties of the concrete in a fresh and hardened state.

This study highlights the effects of substitution of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates (30% sand and gravel 25%, 50%, 100%) on the mechanical resistance of recycled high-performance concrete.

Examination of the results obtained has made it possible to establish the correlations between natural and recycled aggregates and on the physico-mechanical characteristics.

The analysis of these results also showed the interest of total or partial substitution of recycled aggregates based on silica smoke compared to recycled aggregates based on Algerian slag in the formulation of High Performance Recycled Concrete (HPRC) from the point of view of mechanical performance (strength).

Following multiple earthquakes in Algeria, large numbers of reinforced concrete structures have been severely damaged or destroyed, making it necessary to evaluate the actual seismic behavior of existing buildings. Classic linear elastic methods do not accurately represent the actual behavior of the structure, which makes it necessary to use calculation methods that take into account the post-elastic domain of the structure. The Push over method is a procedure that correctly predicts dynamic behavior in the event of a future earthquake. For frame structures, the formation of plastic hinges in the columns results in the transformation of the structure into a mechanism. This explains the need to give the post a higher strength than the beams.

Urbanization has profound effects on administrative boundaries, resulting in the expansion of urban areas, particularly at the periphery. This rapid growth leads to significant changes in landcover and land use, as agricultural and natural open areas are progressively transformed into densely populated urban landscapes characterized by housing, commercial infrastructure, and transportation systems.

The capital city of Jordan, Amman, faces exceptional urban growth, with its population surpassing 4.5 million people. This unprecedented expansion has given rise to extensive urban landscapes, presenting challenges for planners who lack a holistic understanding of the wide-ranging impacts.

To address these complexities and make well-informed decisions, planners urgently require comprehensive, up-to-date information on the causes, chronology, and consequences of urbanization. Integrating high-precision satellite imagery, geoinformatics data, and topographic insights offers a promising avenue to develop comprehensive inventories of urban change and growth. Such knowledge acts as a vital resource, enabling accurate assessments of expanding built-up areas and their associated implications.

The use of high geometric resolution satellite imagery and geoinformatics data combined with topographic information and GIS could provide effective information to develop urban change and growth inventory which could be explored towards producing a very important signature for the built-up area changes.

This paper is focused on managing waste that is generated by construction. Starting with expressing, how significant construction waste affecting project success, and then lean management principles were proven to be positively helping in keeping construction projects waste controlled. Where construction waste sources and causes were subcategorized under each main waste category that lean principles deal with. After that, adequate questionnaire was developed in order to collect data. These data were analyzed in order to determine the level of occurrence and significance for each waste type and to scientifically recommend the proper tools and techniques to deal with them, effective lean tools to be applied in Jordan according to waste sources that were determined.

Monitoring city sprawls is considered an essential subject in urban planning. The most important object in the urban areas is the building; therefore, finding an automatic method for detecting the changes in the buildings is considered a priority task for researchers to consider the changes in a district, especially for assessing the damages during disasters and updating geo-database. However, using 2D images to detect changes is ineffective because of the various imaging environments and the parameters of the sensors. Furthermore, during the change detection process, it is difficult to distinguish between the building and other objects due to the similarity of spectral properties. Therefore, it is necessary to use stereo images for DSM generation and then find the changes. This paper proposes a Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD) algorithm to detect urban area changes based on stereo imagery. Two DSMs have been obtained through the photogrammetric process using two different sensors. The first data set is based on the stereo aerial imagery captured in 2012 and the second stereo is from the worldview-2 sensor captured in 2017. Before applying the KLD algorithm, the aerial’s DSM, which has an original resolution of 0.3m, was resampled to 1 m to make it similar to the satellite’s DSM. Three study areas have been selected for the algorithms test, located in Erbil-Iraq. The assessment shows that the KLD detected changes better than other methods after removing the small fragments through the post-processing step. For the evaluation, the confusion matrix has been determined for each study area. The analysis demonstrates that the overall accuracy for the three study areas where 89.3%, 91.1% and 88.9 %, respectively.