journal of kufa studies center

Arabic poetry has been characterized since linguists have been collecting it from the mouths of its people, to have the largest share of inference, they have committed themselves to refer to what they called (Diwan Al-Arab) to record the language first, and clarify its rules second, and they have thus enriched the Arabic linguistic research what was later a wide field to infer the ingenuity of the effort and the great work they did. At the time they had this abundant share among the linguists who preceded them in the previous nations Like India and Greece, they have been able to monitor the words of the language used and abandoned and neglected, and the former to this of the Arab scholars the first Arabic scientist (Al-Khalil bin Ahmed Al-Farahidi d. 170 AH) in his dictionary (Al-Ain), which he put on a previous example came on a unique approach was later a sober lexical school.Not only that, but other scholars approached other approaches in collecting linguistic material such as (Abu Amr Al-Shaibani d. 206 AH) in (Dictionary of Al-Jim), and (Ibn Duraid d. 321 AH) in (Language Population), and (Al-Bandaniji d. 284 AH) in (Rhyme in the language) and other linguists who enriched the Arabic linguistic library.

Al-Bayati, the poet who spent a lifetime traveling and circumambulating the cities of the world, expressed the feeling of alienation in many ways and according to different stages, reflecting various forms of this vision. In this article, I discovered the dimensions and stages of this phenomenon through his poetry and reached results that indicate the knowledge of the roots of the personality of Al-Bayati. This poet who lived his poetry and the stages of his life were reflected through his poetry collections

Perhaps it has become recognized that the Arabs did not know in their long artistic history what other nations knew of the art of theater, despite the logical paradox raised by this speech in that researchers confirm that theater has arisen religious origin in the homeland of the oldest dramas in the world and we mean the country of the Greeks , while these studies acknowledge that the Arab region was the cradle of religions, especially the Islamic era, How can we reconcile between the two things, i.e. the specificity of this region in terms of religion and at the same time the absence or denial of any presence of theater in it throughout its Islamic history, which exceeds a thousand years by centuries. This research tries to stand on the truth of this paradox through research in the Husseini rites and the creative aspects it included that unequivocally approach the most accurate characteristics of theatrical art throughout the centuries since that tragedy to the present day.

All books and studies specialized in art confirm the influence of society on art, and therefore we cannot overlook the role of art on the members of this society through its multiple manifestations of plastic art, poetry, literature, music, theater .Through that, we understand that the work of art in all its manifestations, but expresses the spirit, culture and civilization of society at any time and place, the artist is part of the sons of society we see him not isolated and does not move away from the most important elements affecting art and the artist, which is the environment, man and talent, whatever is said about the freedom of art and the artist, and thus we have reached the concept that the work of art is born of a human being and Since man is born of a certain society and age, then artistic work is born of human work and is born of society . Here, we do not want to limit the freedom of art and the artist, but we cannot overlook the importance of society and its impact on art and the artist. Through these concepts, the idea of writing this research tagged ((Art and its social and educational role and the possibility of activation in Arab societies) was born to stand with those who believed that art is a social phenomenon and artwork, artist and art is not without the imprint of his society and the impact of art as well and the artist on society, the process is reciprocal. In the first section, we will address the importance and limits of The objectives of the research, in the second section on the social role of art, in the third section activating the role of art in Arab societies, and in the fourth section the role of art education in the growth of societies.

Religion is a necessary need for man, as it has a great role in guiding and advancing humanity and can contribute effectively to finding appropriate solutions to existing problems. There are many contemporary problems that can only be solved through cooperation between the parties concerned in general and religious parties in particular. Among these pressing problems in our contemporary world are, for example, but not limited to, the problems of extremism, fanaticism, violence, terrorism, organized crime, etc., the basis of which is intellectual rigidity.
Our beloved Iraq today is exposed to various types of these problems from various sides, especially those under the cover of religion. Man is the gateway to the study of religions, and reason is the gateway to faith and religiosity. The current research acquires importance by addressing an important stage of the student's life, which is the undergraduate stage, and it aims to: -
Measuring religiosity for students of the Faculty of Arts.
Measuring the intellectual rigidity of students of the Faculty of Arts.
Identify the relationship between religiosity and intellectual rigidity among students of the Faculty of Arts.
The sample was randomly selected, reaching (130) students and from the following humanitarian disciplines: (Arabic language, history, geography, philosophy, English language, civil society), and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher relied on two scales, each separately, the number of distinctive paragraphs of the religiosity scale was (60) distinct paragraphs, while the distinctive paragraphs of the intellectual rigidity scale reached (40) distinctive paragraphs.
The two scales were relied upon after verifying their validity and stability in the measurement. The most important results of the current research have resulted in the following: -
The university student is not very religious and moderate in his religiosity.
The university student suffers from some kind of intellectual rigidity, and this may be due to the abnormal conditions that Iraq went through.
There is a relationship between religiosity and intellectual rigidity, but this relationship is negative, meaning that the more religiosity, the less intellectual rigidity.
Encourage freedom from the shackles of outdated ideas and reactionary traditions, making them rigid and immutable.
Modern religious awareness in proportion to modern social and political life.

The research tagged crisis management in the thought of Sayyida Zainab, peace be upon her, carries a message to all writers, researchers and specialists in economic and administrative sciences, the content of which is that we need a pause for reflection on our Islamic history and the extraction of sciences that are suitable for all times and after we suffered from the theft or theft of a lot of our cultural and intellectual heritage in various fields and attributed it to the West, and unfortunately our administrative leaders did not benefit from the thought of the Prophet (peace be upon him) And his family pure renewed and their belief that they are religious leaders only and their intellectual heritage obsolete, so this study came as evidence that our history is rich after addressing the incident of kindness and the role of Sayyida Zainab (pbuh) in it, we aim from this research to clarify and explain the features of the crisis faced by Sayyida Zainab (pbuh) and highlight the eligibility of Sayyida Zainab (pbuh) To manage the crisis according to the necessary elements that must be available by a successful crisis manager according to the modern crisis management literature, and to benefit from the leadership and creativity of Sayyida Zainab (pbuh) in managing the crisis and determining the theory or approach adopted in that crisis.
The research included three sections, the first focused on scientific methodology and the second was devoted to explaining the concept and elements of the crisis and its determinants according to the literature of modern business management and we also dealt with a simplified explanation of modern theories of crisis management, while the third and last section focused on crisis management in the thought of Sayyida Zainab and we tried to link the events that went through Sayyida Zainab (pbuh) And the methods it followed in facing the crisis it went through after careful analysis of the course of events and the use of the best historical sources and some respected professors who have a reputation in this field.
We have reached in this research to a number of conclusions and recommendations, the most prominent of which was the verification of all research hypotheses after proving the eligibility of Zainab (pbuh) to face the crisis resulting from the incident of tuff in Karbala has excelled peace be upon her in addressing her and confronting her with the least losses as well as managing it in a distinctive and striking way with the support of carpets (pbuh) until the crisis was reflected and circles revolved on its cause and became Yazid and his state in the face of a crisis and dealt a severe blow to the pillars of the Umayyad state and its men.
Finally, we concluded with a number of recommendations, including the need to benefit from the rich historical and intellectual heritage of the Islamic nation through excavation in the mines of our history for the most wonderful images and cases that deserve to be theories in management and the rest of the other sciences, including pure and emphasis on benefiting from the sciences of the Holy Qur'an and the sciences of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, and conducting detailed and accurate research on the great role of Sayyida Zainab, peace be upon her, in the incident of the kindest and her administrative role that she played and for each stage she went through befitting her status In history, the last recommendations were to put forward the idea of denaming the modern approach or modern theory of crisis management from the business administration literature and naming it (Zainabia Theory for Manage Crisis)

The tribal system is the system that prevailed in the Arabian Peninsula before Islam and represents the ruling political authority that manages the affairs of individuals and addresses their issues according to a social norm that everyone must submit to.
This system was reflected in the nature of life in the Arabian Peninsula before Islam , so each tribe began to grow at the expense of the other, which brought many gains for many of them, depending on their military and economic status.
The Abs tribe is one of those tribes that have created the conditions for her to have the power and authority of what other tribes fear and this has been achieved thanks to its brave men and seasoned leaders and the breadth of its spread and wide influence , as well as the link to its history with personalities who had a great affair when the Arabs such as Khalid bin Sinan Al-Absi and Antarah bin Shaddad, who represented their principles Arab and authentic values.
Standing on the Abs tribe through its status and the strength of its men and its many days that showed its military power was a motive for choosing the subject of the study, so we dealt with its meaning in the language and then its lineage, whereabouts, religion and some of its celebrities who have raised its status and pride among the tribes and we recorded in the conclusion the most prominent results of the research.

The continuous improvement has a fundamental and effective role in quality processes and cost reduction in order to provide goods or services in a distinguished manner and in a way that leads to providing additional benefits to the economic unit and its customers , and continuous improvement processes (kaizen) are on a gradual, slight and continuous basis, leading to raising the level of performance of individuals and machines, increasing the volume of production, raising the level of quality and reducing the unit of cost of the product , And that this method does not require large funds and investments, but rather needs the support of senior management to improve the production process, as well as this method requires the provision of the necessary accounting information on the costs of the products of the economic unit by the administrative accountant in preparation for the work of kaizen budgets . The problem of the research lies in the lack of absorption of the economic unit of new developments and thus lack of focus on continuous improvement in addition to the lack of accounting information necessary and appropriate to the requirements and needs of kaizen so the research aimed to provide the accounting information necessary to reduce cost and improve the quality of products by the accounting system in preparation for the implementation of the method of kaizen.
The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that most of the continuous improvement processes focus on improving products and production methods in order to reduce costs gradually and slightly , as well as a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the provision of accounting information by the management accountant in preparation for the application of the kaizen method and the work of training courses for the administrative and accounting staff to support the application of this method correctly.

We face in our time and we are at the beginning of the third millennium great progress in several scientific fields has been described the last quarter of the last century innovation and renewal in various fields of science, it has become necessary to develop the educational process and keep pace with the methods of teaching this progress by taking modern philosophy in the teaching of science to achieve the educational goals, which is an independent citizen conscious thinks in a scientific way can do so by employing knowledge, One of the important topics that account for the attention of educators at the present time, the methods of learning for students, as it has become a necessity of this era in which information explodes day after day and is becoming wider and more diverse, and from here educators are thinking about the appropriate teaching methods for learning students that the teacher in the classroom should use in order to help them understand and learn what they want to learn.
As this study came to keep pace with modern educational trends that emphasize the need to benefit from the computer in all educational learning activities, and the computer represents the summit of what modern technology has produced, the computer has entered various walks of life, starting from home and ending with outer space, and has become affecting people's lives directly or indirectly, and because of its advantages that are not found in other educational means, it has expanded its use in the educational process. Perhaps one of the most important of these interactive features is where the computer responds to the event issued by the learner and decides the next step based on the learner's choice and degree of response, and through this it is possible to take into account the individual differences of the learners

The subject of knowledge management is one of the important topics at the present time due to the importance of knowledge in all activities, where knowledge is considered a weapon in the hands of the manager, the leader and the decision-maker who builds his decisions according to scientific foundations and quantitative and mathematical methods using the language of numbers away from intuition and guesswork in the decision-making process, especially strategic decisions, and perhaps the leader who has a great deal of knowledge has rational decisions, especially the strategic leader, whose survival and growth and development process depends on his strategic decisions.
This research came from an introduction and two chapters, the first chapter is the theoretical side and consists of three sections, the first section is the scientific methodology of the research, which is the research problem, research objectives, the importance of research, research hypotheses, research model, research community and sample, statistical methods used in research, and the second topic Knowledge management First, knowledge is the concept of knowledge, sources of knowledge and types of knowledge, secondly, knowledge management concept and importance, and the third topic Strategic leadership First, leadership concept, importance and types of leadership, secondly strategic leadership concept The importance and development of strategic leadership and the steps of the development of strategic leadership . The second chapter is the applied aspect, first, the description and diagnosis of research variables, and secondly, the testing of hypotheses. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations came ..... And from God success

The world has lived during the seventies and eighties of the twentieth century more than one crisis resulted in the emergence of new problems imposed themselves on the ground, and has been the emergence of a reason for reconsidering all the theories founding the process (development), has begun to talk about non-renewable resources lost as a result of excessive exploitation, and its role in creating deep imbalances in the ecosystem , as the movement of nuclear armament and what it entails Risks threatening human life, and issues (depletion of natural resources) and ( pollution of the oceans), all of these things have had a prominent role in changing the pattern of traditional thinking in building theories (growth and development), so attention began to turn towards a new theoretical building based on the idea of searching for the causes of the sustainability of life, and from here crystallized the concept of (sustainability) 0 After the traditional principles of growth and development focused mainly (only) on the need for rapid growth of the pace of production, and increase productivity as soon as possible without regard to the negative effects that this rapid growth creates on humans and natural resources and their sustainability, and on the ocean and the natural system. human development), in an effort to mitigate and possibly eliminate the new threats that have begun to threaten the foundations of human life on Earth.
Humanity is now facing two acute problems: many of the resources that we now take for granted are at risk of running out in the near future, and the second is related to the increasing pollution that our environment suffers from at present resulting from the large amount of harmful waste we produce. Desertification, and the long-term effects of toxic and other pollution are a chronic and widespread problem, both at the global level, both developed and developing, 0 As a result, these problems have contributed at the global level to the emergence of the issue of environmental conservation and sustainability as a topic of special importance at all levels.
Achieving sustainable development requires one or both things: reducing the size of society's demand for the earth's resources 0 and increasing the volume of resources, all in order to reduce the gap between supply and demand to a reasonable extent, this process aimed at the gradual unification of the required and supply of resources - renewable and non-renewable aspects of human life - determines what is meant by the process of sustainable development.
As long as the talk will be about ( Iraq ), it must be recognized that the environmental conditions in Iraq have been directly affected by several factors, some of which were due to the conditions resulting from natural, economic and social factors, and others to the economic policies followed, on the part of the impact of natural factors, the decrease in renewable water sources, the rapid depletion of resources, the deterioration of the quality of drinking water, and the exacerbation of the problem of sewage disposal. The polluted industrial in waterways, the low efficiency of water use in agriculture, the increasing desertification, the population density, and the spread of random population units are all factors that have contributed to the deterioration of the environment in Iraq, in addition to that, the conflicts with neighboring countries over the joint sharing of river water, and the remnants of wars that Iraq has suffered from since the eighties of the twentieth century until the beginning of the second millennium led to the deterioration of environmental conditions in Iraq. And the rapid depletion of resources and the ineffectiveness of pollution control programs 0 As for the economic policies followed in Iraq, most of them were suffering from stumbling and eventually colliding with unsatisfactory results, because most of them were improvised and ill-considered and incompatible with the reality of the Iraqi economy, and they were hostage to political conditions and were negatively affected by them .

Because rice cultivation is a source of livelihood for half of the world's population due to its high economic return and the potential of crop cultivation in improving saline soils when there is an agricultural cycle. In addition, the decrease in rice cultivation areas in Najaf and Qadisiyah and the decrease in dunum productivity and consequently the decrease in production for the period2004-2008 after many farmers were prevented from cultivating it due to the lack of water resources in the Tigris and Euphrates basin increased the need to choose the topic.
The first axis includes a definition of the crop, its varieties and methods of cultivation, the date of planting and harvesting, the appropriate conditions for its cultivation, and the insects and diseases that affect it. The second axis discusses the reality of rice cultivation in Najaf and Qadisiyah in terms of cultivated and harvested areas, endemism coefficient, percentage of damage (loss in cultivated area), number of agricultural holdings and leased land, per capita agricultural land rate, productivity per acre, decrease in rice production in Najaf and Qadisiya, areas controlled with chemical pesticides and the quantity of Pesticides used, reduced area mechanically harvested compared to manual harvesting, reduced area fertilized and marketed quantities for 2005 and 2007.
The third axis analyzes the reasons for the decrease in cultivated areas, the productivity of acres and the production of rice crop in Najaf and Qadisiyah, after unpacking and classifying the data obtained by the study through the questionnaire forms that were distributed within the study community from those in charge of growing the rice crop in the agricultural departments from the managers of agricultural branches and sections, heads of agricultural divisions, agricultural engineers, technicians and farmers in Najaf and Qadisiyah, which are characterized by their cultivation of this crop and the use of statistical means in analysis and testing.
As for the fourth axis, it examines the possibility of continuing rice in Iraq and in Najaf and Qadisiyah in particular, and estimating the size of the food gap for the rice crop until 2015 through the possibility of increasing the productivity of one acre by removing the obstacles to low productivity, which are related to the elements of production (land and water, labor, capital, management and organization), the possibility of increasing the efficiency of water uses, attention to completed irrigation projects spread over an areaof 7.165 One million dunums and attention to the completed irrigation projects spread over an area of 7.165 million dunums in all governorates that grow rice, increasing research on rice and water cultivation and keeping pace with the data of science and technology in the operations of tillage and even harvesting and marketing rice through the use of certified seeds of high productivity and the use of fertilizers within what is scientifically recommended, as well as the diversification of pesticides, providing mechanization requirements of pullers and agricultural harvesters in order to provide the appropriate quantities of rice and without relying entirely on the outside must take a policy Rationalization of consumption of this crop, maintaining the strategic storage as the food reserve consists of three parts: the official national food reserve, the stocks held by the production unit for the purposes of its activities related to buying and selling, and the stocks held by the private sector and to farmers, which exceed other stocks except for the period before the harvest and finally the economic openness and the possibilities of Arab integration, neighboring countries and the world.

The processes of continuous improvement of performance is one of the most important responsibilities of the administration in organizations (colleges) by identifying improvement activities and methods, especially that the process of continuous improvement is manifold in these organizations as it includes university administration, teaching staff, students, curricula, courses, means and supporting methods.
The main steps in the application of total quality management are working to introduce improvement in the work of organizations continuously and without stopping at a certain stage in order to keep pace with the development witnessed by the world due to the progress of means of communication and the information revolution and the expansion of organizations and their merger, so continuous improvement has become a matter of interest from modern administrations and higher education organizations are organizations that are interested in continuous improvement and care for scientific and cultural creativity, and in order to achieve this, the ideas of scientists and researchers specialized in this field can be used. Hence the need to use the W. Edward Deming course of planning, implementing, reviewing and correcting processes and activities that occur in the organization (college).
Therefore, this effort came as an attempt to develop university performance in accordance with international standards and rules, especially academic ones.