Journal of Engineering

This research study one of the specialized buildings related to culture, and the cultural activity considered as the basic cause of its architecture presencing. The main role of these centers is to spread culture and to provide ways of natural cultural communication among various societies. These societies differ in expressing culture and methods of cultural activity performance, as the cultural act, with its different levels, connects with each society s civilizational codes and direct this act to meet the spiritual and material needs of the society in general and the person in particular. The difference between cultures had been reflected in the way of performing the cultural activity and the buildings needed for serving this activity and at the same time reflects the cultural specivily of these societies. Therefore, the research problem emerged as the absence of a complete intellectual image of the concept of culture and the way of its reflection as an activity employed within architecture that cultural center expresses it, and it, and also the role of the civilized intellect n changing and differentiating those buildings in shape and function. The research aims to clear this role and its effect in changing the mechanism of cultural act and the changes in the architecture of cultural centers that comes as a result of this change An analytical approach had been adopted in studying the most important buildings that include the general activities of cultural character in different civilizations and number of examples of the modern cultural centers from international, Arabic, and local examples that reflects different types of cultures.

This Investigation was conducted activated carbon study the removal of dyes from waste water in the textile cotton industry Three different industrial dyes were used, these are direct blue, sulphure black and vat yellow with the following maximum concentrations in solution The method used is adsorption on of 6,10 and 16 ppm respectively The results showed that adsorption onto activated carbon with surface area of 626 m³/g to be very effective for the removal of the different dyes considered, where the percent removal was 96.75% 987 7% and 98.4% for direct blue, sulphure black and vat and vat yellow respectively.

There are two man methods of design the digital adder circuits, First is the serial adder that implement using fill adders, this method has a lost and a low a low speed Second is the last parallel adder or the so-called fast lookahead adder that has twice speed of the serial adder and very high cost.
Xilinx FPGA modern IC used to implement high-speed digital circuits The optimization of speed and cost in design is achieved using Xilinx. FPGA, which requires several rules that differ from that of optimization of Boolean algebra.
This paper shows the principle of the Xilinx FPGA architecture as well the set of conditions of optimal design, and proposes a new method of implementing a fast adder with very low cost using Xilinx. FPGA.
A 16-bit adder was used to show the applications of this method and comparison with two classical advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated through a numeric example.

The aim of the present work is to study the e possibility of controlling cracking due to differential temperature rise and differential shrinkage between surface and interior of mass concrete is bot climate .
The experimental work consisted of measuring temperature change with time various depths, within a mass concrete foundation of 850 cubic meters in Measurements of the concrete shrinkage were also taken surface and st shot climate,
The current understanding is that at a temperature difference of 20 C between the core of mass concrete and its surface will cause cracking. ln hot climate, higher temperature difference usually develops, and combined with shrinkage may cause development of wide cracks, even when precautions are taken, such as using low heat cement, large cement content
The above understanding however cement, large maximum size aggregate and low work that conerve may be not applicable in all cases. It has been shown be designed with a tensile strain capacity of much higher than the values usually reported of between 100 a will tolerate In the case a temperature difference of the present foundation much higher than 20 own in an earlier of up to 480 micro-strain, which is Band 200 micro-strain C without cracking Such concrete design, small maximum size crushed coarse aggregate and relatively low W/C ratio such concrete was designed using the ACI method of mix temperature was lowered and plastic shrinkage cracking was p polyethylene sheets immediately after The placing was prevented by covering concrete with finishing simultaneous occurrence of maximum temperature differential and high shrinkage differential was avoided by after casting which, allows high creep continua water curing for 10 days e place. As a result, a to take mum temperature difference of 41 C between the core of the mats concrete and its surface was recorded without cracking However, 3 days after termination of wales curing the maximum temperature difference decreased to 14 C. This is, combined with the shrinkage differential, lead to formation (not exceeding 0.15 mm) on the durability purposes of small width cracks concrete surface. These cracks were considered to be acceptable for durability purposes.

Contingency analysis is a valuable tool for a reliable planning and secure operation of a power system. Contingency analysis techniques must consider the impact of voltage effects as well as line flow effects. If the potential outage of a line or a generator would result in the overload of another line, then the system is said to be vulnerable. Without line overloading correction it may cause cascade outages and lead to failures in the whole system.


An efficient contingency analysis model for detecting both branch MVA flow violations and bus voltage limit violations is presented. A fast technique has been developed for automatic contingency ranking and selection of contingency cases for a power system contingency analysis study A contingency list is built containing line and generator outages which are ranked according to their expected severity. System voltage performance index is used to assess events severity Another model that was used for line over-loading correction is based on a pseudo inverse method that was used to solve a non-square system of equations based on Lagrange\'s theory in optimization These proposed models have been tested on the Iraqi National Grid system(case study) with 29 buses and 46 branches.

This studies concerned with the optimum weight design of steel plate girders which have been used in long spans and heavy loads constructions. AISC-1989 Specification was used for design calculations, A computer program was prepared to achieve the optimum design. Flexure and deflection were considered. The correlation between the clear depth (h) and the weight per unit length of the girder were established for different loads, spans, steel grades, minimum theoretical web thickness, and minimum practical web thickness. It was found that the optimum weight s obtained when the flange width is nearly equal to the clear distance (h) between the flanges. Also it was found that small difference in optimum weight is obtained when using the minimum theoretical web thickness and the minimum practical web thickness. It is also found that the steel grace variation results in minor effects on the optimum weight.

The present study has been carried out to investigate the effect of Elasto Hydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) on the pressure distribution of cold rolling strip by taking new conditions, which give new results in the theoretical analysis. This analysis takes into consideration the variation of the yield stress of the material, the position of the neutral angle (0) and the shear stress along the direction of rolling.
The results obtained from the numerical method are in good agreement with the previous experimental result.

This paper delineates the parallelisation of a computer vision system. It presents the system proposal and the relevant design phases of a laboratory based model. This model involves special purpose hardware implementing the early stages of processing with very high data rate. It Incorporates facilities enabling the user to capture, retain, retrieve, compare, and analyse video images. The output of this hardware is to be processed by a software running in a parallel processor. The latter is a VMEbus-based multiprocessing machine accommodating the system hardware and ensures for better flexibility. It also participates in a reasonable distribution of the system processing power. The kernel philosophy here depends on the concept of modularisation to attain higher degree of design consistency. It believes that the spatiotemporal pixel variation of two adjacent video frames involves sufficient information to detect movement. This implies pixel encoding and motion parameters estimation. The system software is based on a data compressive technique (Strip Encoding of Adjacent Frames) to solve the bottlenecks problem in the whole system throughput. The research hereby attempts to attain a match in the degree of sophistication between the system hardware and software structures. This yields to make the system processing power better meets the system applications requirements. The research investigates the above presented design phases along with their logical, functional, technical, and modular specifications. The research is adequate for development in a wide range of applications (requiring parallel architectures for image processing) like: Artificial Intelligence, Features Extraction and Pattern Recognition, Expert Systems, Computer Vision and Robotic Vision, Industrial Control, and other civil and military applications.

Experience with Bishop's method, using the shear strength parameters c and obtained from triaxial compression tests seems to indicate that the values of the safety factor obtained in this way are relatively large. This is sometimes compensated by using shear strength parameters obtained from direct shear tests, simple shear tests, or classical cell tests, which usually lead to smaller values of c and . A solution for the difficulty mentioned above may be the notion that the simple Coulomb formula does not take into account that failure may occur on a plane perpendicular to the global slip surface, with an additional rotation to result in global slip parallel to the slip surface, i.e. double sliding failure model.
The essential step in developing the basic formula for many slope stability methods (Fellenius, Bishop, Janbu) is to derive an expression for the normal stress on the slip surface. In the Bishop method this is done by combining the equation of vertical equilibrium in which it is assumed that there is no net contribution of the shear forces on the sides of the slice, with the Coulomb equation.
The alternative mechanism proposed is that failure occurs not because the shear stress on the slip surface reaches the maximum value described by the Coulomb criterion, but that the shear stress on a plane perpendicular to the slip surface (and thus also the shear stress on a plane parallel to the slip surface) reaches the maximum vales on this perpendicular plane, and thus, using a safety factor F
In this paper, a comparison is made of the factor of safety calculated by the double sliding model with those calculated by Fellenius and Bishop's methods.