Engineering and Technology Journal

In this study the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of Myrtus
communis was investigated against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia,
Pseudomonas aerogenosa and Staphylococcus aureus by agar disc diffusion. Serial
concentrations of the extract were tested (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5mg/ml). Most of the
extract concentrations showed a relatively high antibacterial activity against all the
tested bacteria. The concentration 5mg/ml of plant extracted has the maximum
antibacterial activity against all bacterial isolates. Antimicrobial activity of Myrtus
communis extract was compared with a number of antibiotics like: Ampicilin
(AM10), Tetracyline (TE30), Erythromycin (E15), Carbnicilin (PY100) and
Gentamycin (CN10) using antibiogram test. Antibacterial activity of latest
concentration (5mg/ml) of Myrtus communis was better than that to Gentamicin
against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aerogenosa

The influence of oblique angle deposition on the surface morphological and
microstructure of metallic cadmium films are studied. The films were deposited
normally and obliquely at different angles (0º, 50º and 70º) by vacuum evaporation
technique. XRD technique used to study the crystalline structure of these films and
shows that the polycrystalline nature of these films and All layers irrespective of
deposition parameters develop a preferred (002) plane. The grain size increased
with the increase of deposition angle and clearly facetted morphology was
observed. The surface morphology of the deposited materials has been studied
using atomic force microscopes (AFM) and optical reflection microscope. The
AFM results demonstrate that the film deposition at higher oblique angle (70°) has
higher surface roughness. Reflection microscope results showed that the
smoothness and homogeneity of the films are decreasing with increasing the
deposition angle d), and the surface roughness increased with increasing angle.
The optical characteristics of the prepared thin films have been investigated by
UV-VIS spectrophotometer in a wavelength ranging (350-900) nm and shows by
increasing the inclination angle of deposition will lead to transmission decreases of
the films.

Malicious software (malware) performs a malicious function that compromising a
computer system’s security. Many methods have been developed to improve the security
of the computer system resources, among them the use of firewall, encryption, and
Intrusion Detection System (IDS). IDS can detect newly unrecognized attack attempt and
raising an early alarm to inform the system about this suspicious intrusion attempt. This
paper proposed a hybrid IDS for detection intrusion, especially malware, with
considering network packet and host features. The hybrid IDS designed using Data
Mining (DM) classification methods that for its ability to detect new, previously unseen
intrusions accurately and automatically. It uses both anomaly and misuse detection
techniques using two DM classifiers (Interactive Dichotomizer 3 (ID3) classifier and
Naïve Bayesian (NB) Classifier) to verify the validity of the proposed system in term of
accuracy rate. A proposed HybD dataset used in training and testing the hybrid IDS.
Feature selection is used to consider the intrinsic features in classification decision, this
accomplished by using three different measures: Association rules (AR) method, ReliefF
measure, and Gain Ratio (GR) measure. NB classifier with AR method given the most
accurate classification results (99%) with false positive (FP) rate (0%) and false negative
(FN) rate (1%).

The work presented in this paper was concerned to design a new remote control
and monitoring system, which can be used for controlling the electrical devices at
college/office and monitoring the clients' status by using the Virtual Private
Network (VPN). The system is consists of server and multi clients and utilize VPN
for establish a secret communication within internet network or enhanced wireless
network. The server employed for controlling the remote devices which inherent
with clients through serial interface. The interface circuit was designed to connect
the serial port with the devices which are consisting of (Max238, UART, and
CD4060) to complete the functions of interface. There are 8 pins for data output,
which can produce up to 256 different control signal statuses. The mechanism of
monitoring operation was achieved through executing two function: firstly, the
files transfer (image or text) between sever and clients; secondly, monitoring the
client status through server computer. For more security a new wireless enhanced
network was built to implement the Virtual Private Network (VPN) which consists
of four power nano station (5GHz) to establish transfer information for distance up
to 35 Km. PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Protocol), IPSec. (Internet Protocol
Security) was configured to give secret authentication for virtual private network.
Visual basic language was used to implement the frameworks (GUI) and socket
connection.

Text mining is an emerging technology that can be used to augment existing
data in corporate databases by making unstructured text data available for analysis.
This research aim to present a proposed text mining system customized to
improve laboratories efficiency. This is done by taking the electronic comments
and e-mails produced to the organization web as inputs for that proposed mining
system. The proposed text miner is customized for emails and comments written to
the organization. For that the basic text mining algorithm will almost be modified
by adding new steps, modify some steps by customizing Natural Language
Processing (NLP), data mining techniques and building the document database.
The proposal applied on the Computer Sciences Department Web and the results
obtained are suitable to be published

In this paper CdO films of 3.8 μm thickness were deposited onto glass and Siwafer
substrates by spray pyrolysis technique at 250oC temperature. The structure,
optical and electrical properties were investigated. The structure of the films were
studied by X-ray diffraction have polycrystalline structure with (111) preferential
orientation. The films have good transmittances in visible and NIRregion, with
direct optical band gap (2.5eV).The electrical conductivity was measured as
function of temperature and theactivation energy was about(0.155and 0.241)
eV.The electrical characterization of CdO/Si hetrojunction diode was investigated
by current –voltage studied.The reverse current strongly increased with
illumination intensity and voltage bias

In this work CdO films were prepared by using chemical bath deposition, which is a
simple and inexpensive technique suitable for large deposition area. Many growth
parameters have been considered in this work to specify the optimum condition,
namely (deposition temperature, and pH value). Structure and electrical properties of
CdO films are investigated and analyzed extensively with respect to growth conditions.
The high conductivity and high visible transmission (> 80%) make the films suitable
for use in the transparent electrodes

Triazole N-(3-mercapto-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)hydrazinecarbothioamide
prepared in good yield via the condensation of 4-amino-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-
thiol and thiosemicarbazide. The copper (II) and nickel (II) complexes of the triazole
ligand were also prepared

In recent days there is a need to keep environment updated. The paper present
flexible and simple protocol for updating file system for personal computer through
internet. The suggested system depends on the network main component (socket)
and uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) internet protocol. The system has the
ability to gather information through special channel (port) about the used
directory. This information includes the files name, files size, file dates, files
extension. Through simple protocol this information gives the administrator
indicated for the changed file and in what location in order to implement updating
the file in the other side. The system serves many users and applications. It
provides simple, flexible system that could be installing in any side with few steps.

This work includes the deposition of SnO2 as a thin film on Si (111) by using
the pulsed laser deposition method. The influences of oxygen pressure on the
structural properties of Tin dioxide films were investigated. The X-ray diffraction
results show that the structure of the films change from high polycrystalline to
worse polycrystalline at an oxygen pressure of 10mbar. The surface morphology of
the deposits materials was also studied by using a scanning electron microscope
(SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results show that, the grain sizes
of the nano particles observed at the surface depends on the oxygen pressure. As
the pressure of the O2 gas increases the densities of the particles increases too. An
oxygen pressure of 5×10-1 mbar was found the best pressure for the growth
process. While the RMS roughness was seen to increase with increasing oxygen
pressure. It was equal to (11.3 nm) for thin films deposited at (300)ºC.

Noise is any undesired information that contaminates an image. The ideal
situation (no noise) never occurs in practice, so there is a little point in ignoring it.
Hence, one of the primary concerns of digital image processing is to increase
image quality through the moderation of the degradations introduced by the noise
which contaminate the image.
The main objective of this work is to combine the statistical analysis methods
and image processing techniques to increase image quality by removing the noise
that corrupts it, so that the image will be ready for analysis and interpretation.
In this work An Adaptive Filter Using Chi-square Goodness-of-Fit to Uniform
Distribution is presented . Results shows that the proposed method removes noise
from images corrupted by a variety type of noise effectively in such a manner it
preserves image edges and details. The proposed method is faster than many of
the traditional noise removal techniques.

Metal samples such as Copper and Aluminum and alloy as Brass were prepared and
machined as discs (plane sample) and as a half rings (curvature sample). The samples were
polished by using metallographic paper with different grades. The micro roughness and the
initial weight were measured for all samples before wear tests, and then the samples were
subjected to wear testing system under lubricated condition, fixed normal load of 15N, sliding
time 30 min and sliding speed of 750 rpm. During the running of wear testing system the
temperature of the samples were measured .The wear rate was calculated by employing the
weighing method. It is clear from the results that micro roughness values increasing leads to
increase in weight loss , wear rate and the temperature of samples .The effect of sample shape
on weight loss , wear rate and sample heat is also obvious when noticing that the different
measurements of weight loss, wear rate and sample heat of curvature samples are higher than
that of plane samples

Authentication protects two parties from the third party, but not protect against
each other. Digital signature verification of the message source, protects the
authority from anyone.
This paper proposes a solution for digital signature generation to digitally
signing an submitted request to library website using the one time pad( OTP). In
this paper, we focus our attention on decreasing the electronic requests security
vulnerability by securing requests using an approximate one-time pad. A one-time
pad, considered to be the only perfectly secure cryptosystem, secures an electronic
request message for transport over any medium. The keys generated from request
information using proposed hash algorithm deal with multiple parameters each one
has multi state (0,1,2,3) as input and output hashed key of (0..9) state.

This research focuses on the effect of population increases ( in Baghdad , Nineveh,
Basrah ) on ( maximum , minimum , and annual temperature averages ) this concerns
the period from 1977- 2010 . Meterological Stations in these Provinces ( Baghdad
airport , Mosul city , Basrah – Hussein Quarter ) have recorded an increase in urban
warming – they reached 00.3C ، 0.5C0 ، 0.6C0 according to maximam temperature and
0.1C0 ، 0C0 ، 0.3C0 according to average annual temperature, associated with an
increase in population. 4594161 , 1894940 , 1029869 . the location of Baghdad station
as far from the city centre led to a less urban ratios in warming in comparison to other
stations mentioned . on other hand geographic location of Mosul station ( higher than
the see level ) led to a less ratios of warming compared to Basrah station , despite of
the high – populated city of Nineveh .

The present study has been conducted to evaluate the antialgal activities of the
leaves crude extracts of Dodonaea viscosa plant. The antialgal activities of ethanol
(80%) and diethyl ether crude leaf extracts of D. viscosa were tested against
Microcystis flos- aquae, Scenedsmus dimorphus and Mougeotia scalaris. The agar
well diffusion method was used to evaluate the inhibitory actions of these extracts
with three concentrations: 5,10, and 20 mg/ml. The results showed that the ethanol
extracts were more effective on algae than diethyl ether extracts. The alga:
Mougeotia scalaris and Microcystis flos- aquae have more sensitive than
Scenedsmus dimorphus to attack by the ethanolic extracts, while Mougeotia
scalaris have more resistsnce to attack by the diethyl ether extracts followed by
Microcystis flos- aquae, while Scenedsmus dimorphus have more sensitive to
attack by diethyl ether extracts.