Journal of Al Imam Al-Adham University College

This research discusses the concept of religion according to ancient and contemporary
western thinkers, aiming to identify their prominent theories and which ones they
consider most valid. The research seeks to understand the statues of religion among
western thinkers and weather their views align with those of Muslim scholars and
thinkers, who regard religion as divine revelation, or if they see it as a set of instructions
and behavior established by individuals who are accepted in their societies. After
examining their opinions on this topic , the researcher concluded that western scholars
and thinkers deny the association of religion with revelation. they do not believe it to
be divine guidance but rather view it as a human effort that subject to criticism.

The current research aims to highlight the difficulties faced by students of the Arabic
Language Department who are applying the practical training program and the
ways to overcome these challenges. To achieve this, the researcher employed a descriptive
analytical approach due to its appropriateness for the study. The researcher
prepared three tools: an exploratory questionnaire for the practicing students, an initial
questionnaire for the evaluators, and a final questionnaire for the research sample,
which consisted of 33 students for the academic year 2023/2024.
The appropriate statistical operations for the research were conducted, including
frequencies, arithmetic mean, and percentage, among others. The results revealed
that there are difficulties faced by the practicing students in seven areas, along with
associated challenges. The areas were ranked according to their responses as follows:
First Rank: The area of student learning, with a mean of 2.48 and a prevalence rate of
82.52%, includes 9 difficulties. Second Rank: The supervision area, with a mean of
2.45 and a prevalence rate of 81.72%, includes 6 difficulties. Third Rank: The area
of practicing students and their preparation, with a mean of 2.42 and a prevalence rate
of 80.67%, includes 12 difficulties. Fourth Rank: The school building area, with a
mean of 2.36 and a prevalence rate of 78.62%, includes 7 difficulties. Fifth Rank:
The cooperating teacher area, with a mean of 2.35 and a prevalence rate of 78.39%,
includes 6 difficulties. Sixth Rank: The school administration area, with a mean of
2.30 and a prevalence rate of 76.57%, is the area with the highest number of difficulties,
totaling 17. Seventh Rank: The area of other difficulties, with a mean of 2.16
and a prevalence rate of 72.10%, includes 7 difficulties. The ranking of the means for
the total of 64 difficulties was distributed across 24 values, ranging from the lowest
value of 1.76 to the highest value of 2.70.
The research concluded with recommendations, including the benefit from the strategies
for overcoming difficulties faced by practicing students, as proposed by the researcher. Among the suggestions is to conduct a study aimed at identifying the difficulties
faced by: (school administration, students studying in cooperating schools,
and cooperating teachers) and the ways to overcome them. The research concluded
with a list of references, followed by the appendices.

Western scientists often believe that many discoveries were made by chance. However,
science itself demonstrates that chance has no place in the laws of science and
logic. This research is an attempt to deduce the role of divine inspiration or revelation
in assisting humanity to repair what their own hands have corrupted in existence.
The Quran, in many verses, refers to the role of divine guidance that supports humanity,
whether they believe or disbelieve, and grants them the blessing of discovery,
which is essential for the continuity and balance of life on this Earth.

The fatwa is great matter and great impact grandiose place because it is a news and
signature about God Almighty and the Prophet peace be upon him has its etiquette
and its people and provisions, and the mercy of God Almighty people this religion is
valid for every time and place, and the fatwa changes by changing its belongings such
as time and place and people and intentions and returns and motives, has dealt with
a new descent a housing loan from the initiative of the Central Bank of Iraq took the
fatwa of the Iraqi Fiqh Council and transferred the text of its stages and analyzed and
mentioned the most important axes of the seminar held with the specialists to come out
with a ruling for this catastrophe, The permissibility was according to the text of the
initiative specified and intended by the fatwa. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds.

It is necessary to stand on everything that affects Islamic law, clarify and clarify,
and this is what came by the jurisprudence of our scholars in their chapters that they
classified, and from here the research stands on the weightings brought by Imam
Al-Qurmani in the door of borders and theft from his book Butter Fatwas, and the
study comes to show the impact of the dispute entrusted under the name of the jurisprudential
preferences of Imam Al-Qurmani in his book Butter Fatwas Chapter of
Borders and theft, especially those issues in which the dispute between the classifiers
is famous, in a set of selected fatwas From the door of hudud and theft in order to find
out the opinions of scholars in it and the extent to which they agree or disagree with
the opinion of Al-Qarmani in these issues.

The newly established roles during the Abbasid era played a vital role in organizing
and managing the affairs of the state and society. These roles encompassed a wide
range of duties and responsibilities that required specific skills and expertise. They
included leading the state and armies, overseeing finances and resources, organizing
taxes and levies, managing diplomatic relations with other nations, providing religious
guidance, and offering consultations to rulers and political officials, among others.
These roles demanded high organizational and administrative skills, as well as
extensive knowledge in political, military, economic, social, and religious matters.
Administrative figures during the Abbasid era were considered part of the ruling class,
as they held significant authority and influence.
These newly established roles, along with others in the Abbasid period, played a
crucial role in achieving stability and prosperity for the state and society of that time.

Knowing the names of Allah (the Most Beautiful Names) is foundational to faith,
as it includes the three categories of monotheism: the monotheism of Lordship, the
monotheism of divinity, and the monotheism of names and attributes. These names
embody the essence of faith. This research examines the significance of Understanding
the names of Allah and emphasizes that this knowledge is divinely ordained,
meaning that human reasoning or opinion has no influence. It is not permissible to
affirm any names except those established by religious texts, as they relate to matters
of the unseen. It is well understood that knowledge of the unseen can only be derived
from the Quran and the Sunnah, even though there are differing opinions among
scholars regarding the names and their classifications.

The interpretive problem is an old concept that dates back to the era of the Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the companions (may Allah be pleased with
them). When a verse in the Book of Allah posed a challenge، they would refer to the
Prophet (peace be upon him) and to Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) for
understanding its meaning.
The narrative problem concerning the life of Prophet Noah (peace be upon him)
is highlighted in some reports that suggest he lived for 1,250 years، spending a thousand
years—minus fifty—calling his people to faith، as mentioned in the Holy Quran.
Those who deny the longevity of lives، based on philosophical views، contend that
such a lifespan is not valid.
The primary mission of the prophets (peace be upon them) is to invite people to
worship Allah alone without associating partners with Him، and to pray for their communities
to be guided، steadfast، and directed toward the right path. Despite Prophet
Noah’s (peace be upon him) efforts in calling and praying for his people’s goodness
and faith، many non-opponents were guided through him. However، in the story of
Prophet Noah (peace be upon him)، a significant shift occurs where he transitions
from praying for his people to praying against them for their destruction، raising complex
issues regarding the narrative’s meaning.

Studies have shown that context plays a critical role in highlighting nuanced meanings
and distinguishing between them. Many lexicon-based words have inherent
meanings, but these meanings take on new shifts within their context. This study aims
to illustrate the power of meaning and affirm it through context, which reveals itself in
various forms, all contributing to the strength and precision of meaning. The study’s
domain is the Noble Qur’an, a vast, profound, and invaluable field, where falsehood
does not approach it from before it or behind it. The research explores some of the
elements that enhance meaning within context, particularly precedence and delay. The
strength and depth of meaning can also be amplified through repetition. Among the
crucial elements that shape the intensity of the Qur’anic text is the context of deviation,
a prevalent feature in the Noble Qur’an.

Measuring distances and understanding their units was essential in an organized
society, as it was integral to the economic, military, religious, and even social aspects
that addressed the community’s needs. Farmers, tailors, and builders required knowledge
of length and distance for their work; merchants and warriors needed to know the
distances between their town and their destination; and even some prayer times were
determined by the length of a shadow based on a person’s height or forearm.
Thus, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) employed the surrounding environment
and human body parts to establish distance measurement units in Medina.
These units were categorized as follows: long measurements such as the “farsakh”
and “marhala”; medium measurements like the foot, fathom, and cubit; and very short
measurements like the span and fingertip. Additionally, the time taken to travel by
days and weeks was used as a measure for distances.
The diversity in measurement units and the development of such standards reflect
the civilizational maturity, effective administration, and utilization of the surrounding
environment for community service. This study concluded that distance measurement
units were deeply embedded in daily life, touching on economic, military, religious,
and social aspects. Moreover, they illustrate the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) and
the Muslim community’s capability to build human civilization, building upon the
foundations laid before the prophetic era.

The study deals with the Tabu System in Iraq during the Era of Midhat Pasha and
its Impact on Iraqi Tribes. When Governor Midhat Pasha assumed power in Baghdad
in 1869-1872 AD, and despite the short duration of his term in Iraq; as it did not last
more than three years, it was one of the most important stages of the Ottoman era, as
he is considered one of the most prominent Ottoman governors who ruled Baghdad
during the rule of the Ottoman Empire and was one of the most important administrative
reformers in the city, as he was appointed governor in 1869 AD, he undertook the
task of controlling the Ottoman Empire over the countries of the Arabian Gulf such
as: (Kuwait, Qatar - Bahrain - Al-Ahsa).
On this basis, the research came to shed light on the Tabu system in Iraq during
the reign of Midhat Pasha and its impact on the Iraqi tribes. The material required
dividing it into three axes, where the first axis came: Midhat Pasha’s rule over Iraq,
challenges and reforms, the second axis: the Tabu system and the emergence of feudalism,
and the third axis dealt with: the impact of the Tabu system on the Iraqi tribes,
while the conclusion came with the most prominent conclusions that were reached in
light of the sources on which the research relied.

The current research aims to identify “the level of employment of artificial intelligence
applications when teaching computer science for middle school from the point of
view of male and female teachers and their educational supervisors”, as the researcher
used the descriptive (survey) method in his current study due to its suitability to the
nature of the research, and to achieve the research goal, a scale for artificial intelligence
applications was built consisting of (33) paragraphs distributed over three areas (the
first area: determining the level of knowledge of computer science teachers and their
supervisors about artificial intelligence applications and includes (6) paragraphs, while
the second area: the importance of using artificial intelligence applications for computer
science teachers and their supervisors.It includes (11) paragraphs and finally the
third area: the most prominent difficulties faced by computer science teachers and their
supervisors in using artificial intelligence applications.It includes (16) paragraphs and
its validity was verified by presenting it to a group of specialists in the field of computer
teaching methods, and it was applied to a sample of (57) teachers and educational
supervisors for the second semester of the academic year 2024-2023, after which the
data was statistically processed using the program SPSS23 The research reached the
conclusion that the knowledge of computer teachers and their supervisors of artificial
intelligence applications in the first axis was at a high level, and in the second axis the
importance of using artificial intelligence applications for computer teachers and their
supervisors was at a high level, while in the third axis the difficulties faced by computer
teachers and their supervisors in using artificial intelligence applications were at a high
level.In light of the results, the research recommended a set of recommendations and
came out with a set of proposals.

This study examines how Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan uses Twitter
as a propaganda tool to address the domestic audience by analysing the vocabulary of
tweets posted on his official account.It also investigates the influence of the verified
blue badge on followers, as Twitter is widely used by various segments of society,
including leaders and politicians worldwide.Users utilise the platform to express their
opinions and communicate directly with others.
The researcher analysed Erdogan’s tweets during the period from June 3, 2019, to
June 30, 2020, employing descriptive and survey methods and a content analysis tool.
The research focuses on questions such as, (i) what impact do Erdogan’s tweets have
on engaging the audience?; and (ii) what propaganda techniques and themes does he
employ to address the public on Twitter?
The study highlights the topics conveyed, how they are employed, and the audience’s
interaction, including likes, shares, and comments.It also explores the media
formats used, the timing of tweets, and their effect on followers.

This research investigates the narrations of Hanẓalah ibn Abi Sufyān as documented
in al-Daraqutni’s “Book of Ills,” with a particular emphasis on narrations that
exhibit variations. The study aims to evaluate the authenticity of these narrations by
examining the reasons behind these discrepancies and applying the methodological
framework established by scholars like al-Daraqutni. By doing so, this research contributes
to a deeper understanding of the methodologies employed by earlier scholars
in assessing the reliability of hadith”
This research compiles all the narrations of Hanẓalah ibn Abi Sufyān that demonstrate
inconsistencies, as documented in al-Daraqutni’s “Book of Ills.” It subsequently
investigates the reasons for these variations, utilizing the methodological framework
established by scholars such as al-Daraqutni. The study then assesses the authenticity
of these narrations and determines the most reliable version based on the available
evidence.