JOURNAL OF MADENAT ALELEM COLLEGE

Bioethanol is an important industrial chemical with emerging potential as a biofuel to replace fossil fuels. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is commonly used for ethanol production. The limited ethanol tolerance of the yeast results in low productivity .This search come to evaluate different levels of calcium ions in response to ethanol stress of yeast S. cerevisiae, which isolated from different local sources. The minimal inhibitory concentration and Lethal concentration of the isolates was evaluated by exposure to different concentration of ethanol, the resistant isolates to higher concentration 8% ethanol were selected. Growth determent by optical density at 600 nm to incubator period 24,48,72 h with ethanol 8%. Selected isolates which appeared best growth in deferent incubator period to experiments of addition different levels of calcium ions as calcium chloride .concentration (1-1.2mM) have positive effect to growth of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae .and tolerance to alchol strees the isolates deffernt between them in evaluate the optimal concentration to make positive effect in rang (0,8 – 1,6 mM) .

The study was conducted to test the effect of different concentration of GA3 (0, 0 , 0.2 ,0.3, 0.4) mg/L and Glycine (0, 3, 5) mg/L on shoots length and callus weight in depended experiments for three cultivars of Date Palm ( Kharowi, Maktoom and Tebarzal ) which propagated in vitro .
The results showed that using high concentration of GA3 increased shoot length in all cultivars. The concentrate 0.4 mg/L and cultivar Tebarzal were superior to gave shoot length reached 2.98 cm and 2.52 cm, respectively.
The results showed that add Glycine on medium not gave significant effect on callus weight as compared with control.

The research plan included assessment of the radioactivity of the AL-Tahreer Tower Building (the Turkish restaurant recent ) through direct measurements and sampling of soil for the four floors (1th,2th,3th,4th) of the building, which contains fourteen floor in addition to the basement, by using portable radiation detection equipments to know the increasing in the levels of exposure and contamination resulting from the bombing a AL-Tahreer Tower building by depleted uranium bullets, the results of radiological surveys by using the portable contamination radiation detection (CAB) indicated readings of contaminated soil reached to 60 c/sec, and parts of shells of depleted uranium reached to 90 c/ sec , while the natural contamination rate in the area is ( 0.5 c/sec), the natural exposure rate in the area is 9 µR / hr but the higher exposure rate reached to 60 µR / hr when the device ( Ludlum) putting on the contaminated regions(distance about 0.5 cm).
The radiological analyses of the collected soil samples were done in the laboratory of the center of Radiological Researches in the Ministry of sciences and Technology by using gamma spectrometry( which contains High- purity Germanium Detector) with a efficiency of 40% and resolution 2 keV for Energy, 1.33Mev,collection,preparations and tests of soil samples were all done according to IAEA.The normal concentration for Th-234 and Pa-234m in the soil samples taken from areas near to the building (can consider as background radiation region) is in range 41 Bq /Kg for Th-234,and nil for pa-234m ,while higher concentration of Th-234 in contaminated soil is 1194 Bq/Kg,and 1664Bq/kg for pa-234m which is a clear indication of the presence of high concentrations an isotope of uranium-238 as they are supposed to be in equilibrium radiation.
The major aim of this study include removal the contaminated regions in the building, to protect the population and the environment from the effect of radiological contamination which resulted from using Depleted Uranium bullets in this building.

The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of benzyl adenine BA and naphthalene acetic acid NAA at different concentrations 0,1, 2 and 3 mg / l as mellas to the effect of BA (0,1, 2 and 3 mg / L) and the presence of 2 mg / L NAA in the number and dimeter of the microtuber varieties of potato Desiree and Daimont cultivated in vitro.
The results showed no significant differences between the two cultivars or interaction between the two cultivars and the concentrations of all treatments in the number and dimeter of the tubers.
Although added each of BA and NAA increased significantly number of micro tubers compare with control treatment but there were no significant differences among the concentrations of each of BA and NAA, .While there were significant differences between the concentrations in the dimeter of the microtubers. The result showed that 2 mg NAA / liter gave maximum dimeter of microtuber (6.5 mm ) compared to different concentrations zero and 1 and 3 mg / L which the size of micro tubers were 0.75, 3.15 and 5.4 mm respectively. Added BA increased significantly the dimeter of microtubers compare with control treatment.
The effect of different concentration of BA and the presence of NAA significantly increased the dimeter of the microtubers and the best treatment was 2 mg BA/l compare with others .

The research was conducted to study the effect of Zamzam water and leaves extract of Salvia sclarea, Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris with 10% and 20% concentration on germination of seeds and growth of seedling of Hibiscus esculentus.
The effect of treatments on infection percentage seed decay, and surface growth of Rhizoctonia solani and analysis of the extracts using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were studied.
The results showed that all treatments effected significantly in percentage of seeds germination, acceleration of germination, promoter indicator, speed elongation of radical and plumule, the infection percentage of seeds decay and surface growth of R. solani was reduced.
The research was conducted to detect the active compounds in extract of plants using (HPLC).

Four isolates of K. planticola were obtained from research center; Al-Nahrrin University and University of Baghdad, they were re-identification according to the cultural, biochemical properties. One isolate (Kp4) was selected to be used in the following experiments due to its efficient production of Galacturonic acid (29) µg/ml, typical biochemical characteristics and its consistent properties along the period of study. Extraction and purification of capsular polysaccharides (CPS), Brain Heart Infusion broth with was used to produce CPS. The CPS was extracted by Cetavlon and was purified by alcohols, the purified CPS concentration was estimated reached to (167) µg/ml. Effect of the purified CPS concentrations (5,10,20,50)µg/ml which was isolated from K. planticola (Kp4) on the immune response (in vitro) were investigated. The following (in vitro) immunological tests were performed; viability of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), phagocytosis of Candida albicans , migration of (PMNs) under Agaros, the results showed that:
-The concentrations of CPS (20, 50) µg/ml decreased the viability percentage of (PMNs), Phagocytic Index (PI) with significant differences (p<0.05) in comparison to the control treatment. The concentration (50) µg/ml inhibited the migration of (PMNs)
-The concentrations of CPS (5, 10) µg/ml increased (Phagocytic indexI), with significant differences (p<0.05) in comparison to the control treatment.

Groups of gold fish (Carassius auratus) treated with different concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr+6), to study the acute toxic effects and determine the (Lc50). The results of the study revealed that (Lc50) was 72.5 mg/L during the period of (96 hrs). On the other hand the study designed to investigate the chronic effects of three different sublethal concentrations of hexavalent chromium on fish under investigation. Results showed some behavioral changes represented by rapid and erratic swimming, rapid respiration, weak responses to outer stimulus, convulsions, lethargy and low appetite. The results also showed some changes in growth represented by significance decrease in mean body weight.
Histopathological changes of kidney were represented by narrowing of tubules lumen, hyperplasia, blood congestion hemorrhage and fibrosis of the glomerulus. These were increased with the increasing of the concentration.
The results of bioaccumulation study revealed an increased in accumulation of chromium in the flesh (muscles) of fish with the increasing of the concentration and the mean values were 3.5, 8.62 and 9.0 mg/L in concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 respectively.

In this research we studied the effect of acidity and heating time on food contamination using many types of utensils ( glass , light aluminium , heavy aluminium , stainless steel and tefal utensils ) found in Iraqi kitchens . The concentrations of Al , Fe and Pb were measured in foods , under investigation , after boiled for 45min and more than 90 min and acidified it by using Flame Atomic Absorpition Spectroscopy.
Results showed that the glass utensils do not contaminate foods , wherease, the aluminium utensils showed an increase in Al levels in foods above its premicible limits . However Fe concentrasions remaind in normal acceptable levels by using glass or light aluminium utensils , whereas , it showed observed increase in its level by using heavy aluminium or tefal utensils . Al showed high stability in its level by using stainless steel or tefal utensils , whereas , Fe showed high excess in its level by using stainless steel utensils .

Adsorption study of bentazon from aqueous solution using commercial coconut activated carbon (CCAC) as adsorbent has been carried out in batch process. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir isotherm, the Freundlich isotherm and the Temkin isotherm. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 111.1 mg/g at 30°C when the initial concentration was 25–250 mg/L.
Pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order kinetics models were tested with the experimental data, and pseudo-second-order kinetics was the best for the adsorption of bentazon by CCAC with coefficients of correlation R2 ≥0.988 for all initial bentazon concentrations studied.