Surra Man Ra'a

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, who followed the ages and years. Praise be to Allah who made our Journal a destination for researchers, a pleasure for seekers.
A new year enters our Journal, eighteen years in which it reaches the peak of scientific maturity, with seventy-five issues, which included hundreds of useful researches, in various human sciences varied between languages, legal sciences, history, geography, social and educational sciences, and other sciences of a human character, It bridged thousands of researchers and scholars from different universities and countries, experts, arbitrators and glorious researchers.
Our Journal continues to tributary the fields of science, from the researches it has enriched, and from the researchers I distinguish them, as it is a source from which the researchers draw what they find from the sciences.
We ask Allah to continue the supply and to perpetuate the people of knowledge with his blessings and grace, for He is the Hearer and the answerer of supplication.

For prophecy is represented in the science of doctrines as the second pillar after divinities, and it is the basis of faith and happiness in this world and the Hereafter, through which creation recognizes their Creator and His teachings, and it is a favor, blessing, and benevolence that deserves thanks. And we probed the life of an imam who had his imprint in his time and place, his remembrance and impact were buried, so we highlighted a trace of his legacy in theology that defends the doctrine of the people of truth, and it is a topic from the book (Nihaayat al-Maram fi Dirayat al-Kalam) by Imam Sharaf al-Khataba Diaa al-Din Omar bin al-Hussein Khatib al-Ray (d. after 550 AH / 1155 AD), which proves with textual and mental evidence the permissibility of sending the prophets to respond to the violators and those who deny it. We ask Him, the Almighty, to make us among those who follow and are guided, and whose desires were according to what our Messenger, the Prophet of guidance, peace be upon him, came with.

Sheikh Mullah Abdul Rahman Al-Bengwini, was one of the most famous scholars of the region, has been teaching and writing for more than six decades, he was pointed for in the naqli and logic sciences.
He was well-known for being super cleverness. He has writings and notes in most of the scientific fields, especially the logic ones, and he was one of the most prominent references in jurisprudence and its origins; people were asking him, and scientists were messaging him. To highlight the efforts of this great scholar and to serve our Islamic heritage and our Kurdish library, we have studied its approach to the fatwa. This study was presented in the introduction and two sections. We devoted the first section to shed light on the role of the Shafi'i and the religious scholars on the Kurdish society. The second topic is devoted to the status of the Bengueni in the fatwa and its methodology.

This research, tries to highlight the homophones in the Holy Qur'an by shedding the light on Imam Ibn Attiah Alandulousi Almoharibi 's interpretation who died in (542.A.H). The paper also aims to find the repetition in surah Al-Qamar with the guidance of Imam Ibn Attiah in his book ''The precise editorial of the interpretation of the Holy Qur'an''.As the Qur'anic evidences were collected that Ibn Attiah had directed them as well as comparing those evidences with the reviews of other interpreters. The researcher follows the descriptive and comparative analysis and through this, tries to stop at what this way privileged with. In addition to show the homophones in the Holy verses.

This research deals with Sibawayh's idea of working from one aspect in Arabic language phonology, to document the attribution of the idea to him and his Sheikh Al-Khalil, as the West defined it as the law of least effort more than one thousand years after. It is mentioned multiple times his book has explained the Arabic phonetic phenomena.

This study aims to reveal the meaning of (albita) and its uses when the deceased Ibn Jinni (392 AH), and was (albita) mean when the general perpetuation that does not come out of it, or that this judgment is launched when the perpetuation that he sees without regard to the doctrines of other scholars of the same issue?. The nature of this study necessitated that it be divided into two parts: the first part deals with the issues that have been completely proven, and the second part deals with the issues that have been denied at all. This research is derived from a doctoral thesis dealing with linguistic issues in which Ibn Jinni used the rule of albita, and the research dealt with all his printed compositions that were raised on twenty-five authors, abbreviated in this research on some phonetic issues, dealt with after the introduction, Before the conclusion, two of the issues that were denied at all, and in two forms: the first of them: it was what was used at all in its first form, i.e.: perpetuation and cutting in its general sense, and the second: it was what was used at all in its second form, i.e.: perpetuation and cutting of his linguistic vision and doctrine, without regard to the doctrines of other scholars.

The research aims to identify the concept of pilgrims and pragmatics and try to reveal their field and what are the most important themes that are studied by pragmatics as a new approach. After that the study shows the most important points of convergence between these two concepts and knowing the relationship between them and how to benefit from them in the pragmatic lesson.

In this study, most familiar words of love and courtship in the Akkadian language have been studied. Such terms include words that directly refer to love and courtship, and those that hold other meanings but indirectly refer to love and courtship. The connotations of those terms indicated the emotions of the person/people who said them. After analyzing the data via counting, it has been concluded that the Akkadian language had many words of love and courtship indicating their extensive use by Mesopotamian people to express this significant humanic condition. The results also showed the ability of the Akkadian language to express accurately and precisely various human conditions since one word has more than one meaning according to the context. In addition, while investigating the accurate meaning of the emotional or humanic condition, we clarified the meanings of some words that were given inaccurate meanings in Akkadian dictionaries

Henry Lammens recorded the year of the Prophet Muhammad's migration to Medina and make it a year of change in his life. In Medina, the Prophet became the king and emperor and sought to collect money and power and enjoy the pleasures of life, and this is what Lamens confirms to him on every occasion, directly or indirectly, without reliance on academic scientific evidence to refute the events other than his method of generalization and superficial speech that does not enrich the reader with the truth of the course of historical events and their source in order to discuss and criticize a constructive scientific criticism aimed at reaching the truth. Lammens also pointed out that immigration is a turning point from a reformer to a president, and it is a word of truth that he wanted falsehood, for the Messenger of God had completed the establishment of the legislative laws of the state before his death, and this is what will be discussed in the research pages.

The movement of modernity and postmodernism emerged in the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, and the era of modernity dominated the rationality of bureaucratic culture as it excluded the demands of individual identity, while the term postmodernism is described as a reaction against modernity, and the main difference between modernity and postmodernism is Modernity is characterized by a radical break with traditional forms and the conscious use of self and previous norms. Modernity represented a critique of objective secularization and subjective secularism directly linked to political modernity. Thus, secularism was considered one of the defining elements of political modernity in the process of building the modern nation-state, so the effects of Islam and its relations to politics in the postmodern era became more evident in the world, especially in modern Turkey.

This study focused on the impact of the Kurdish issue on the Turkish-Iran relations and the negative effects that the PKK operations had on the relations of the two countries, which were sometimes negative and sometimes violent, as this party launched military action against the Turkish government since August 1984, because of Turkey’s refusal to grant the national rights of the Kurdish people.
The study also dealt with the most prominent security agreements between Turkey and Iran on the ballistic Matter, whose main objective was to prevent the activities of the Kurdistan Workers Party (Kurdistan Workers Party) on the borders of the two countries and to prevent the impact of those operations on the relations of the two countries.

Iraq was subjected to Mongol control after the occupation of Baghdad in the year (656 AH / 1258 AD), and it entered a new phase in its long history, and construction activities spread in Iraq during the second half of the seventh century A.H. / thirteenth century AD, so some different facilities appeared in Baghdad in particular, and it was for statesmen Notables played a major role in its establishment, and in order to facilitate its study and track that urban activity, the Book of Accidents was an appropriate field for reviewing that activity because of the great importance of the book within the range of historical sources that date that stage, so a real and clear activity emerged. The ruling authority had a role in developing the urban movement and increasing its pace After it stopped for several months after the Mongol occupation.

Turkish- Arab Gulf states relations knew mutual mistrust, but there was no alternative option, as Turkey always seeks to seize opportunities. At first, Turkey and the Gulf countries gathered strong economic relations, but with its position on the spring revolutions, support for political Islam movements, and the Qatari crisis, the relations have become somewhat complicated. Therefore, the reactions of the Arab Gulf states to the Turkish coup in 2016 have varied.
So, this research aims to find out the extent of the change that occurred in the Turkish- Arab Gulf states relations after the 2016 coup, and the reasons for these changes. It also aims to identify the common concerns between the two sides and the impact of this on the compatibility or conflict of interests between them according to the opinion of each of them, and also to focus on the position of each Gulf state towards the coup.

The Shamaa School in Tunisia is the first school to be built there, in the middle of the seventh century A.H. / thirteenth century AD. During a period of more than three centuries, which is the period of the rule of the Hafsids, it made a clear contribution to the scientific movement through what it graduated from throughout its long history of scholars. They had a prominent position in the scientific field. The building of the school was the beginning of a new phase of the educational system in the Islamic Maghreb, which represented a departure from the traditional field that prevailed before this period, represented in the confining of the scientific and educational movement in Africa to mosques. Thus, the school had a role in supporting The intellectual movement throughout the Islamic Maghreb.

This study is to clarify the geographical distribution of poultry projects in the center of the city of Hamdania, by using geographic information systems technology after entering the geographical coordinates of the projects in the program. Poultry projects in the study area are by (66) chicken meat projects, (3) egg hatchery projects, and (2) table eggs project. The poultry projects for chicken meat are distributed in the study area by (28) projects south of the city of Al-Hamdania, and (34) projects eastern the city, and (4) projects north of the city.
Natural and human factors have a direct impact on poultry projects because of their great importance in terms of production and distribution. The poultry farming projects in the study area were classified among the projects that achieve important commercial profits, due to the fact that the market knows the demand for the surrounding poultry in the markets.
The results of the research show that there is a new decline in the production of poultry production in the study area after the events (2003) and (2014) due to the absence of any government support for poultry projects as well as the terrorist control on all poultry fields. Its basic and essential equipment for poultry farming.

Wheat is one of the main foodstuffs, and its importance comes second after rice. It is included in many food industries because it contains starch, which is reflected in other economic activities. Where spatial prediction techniques in geographic information systems software help in spatial prediction of areas with high productivity. For the wheat crop, which can be invested, and to ensure the validity and accuracy of the spatial prediction of wheat productivity at the level of the administrative units of the study area, by adopting the mean error (MEAN), and the closer it is to (zero), the better the prediction result, and the square root of the mean error (RMSE), the lower it is. Among the models, it is more accurate, as it was found that the (IDW) method is the most accurate model in the spatial prediction of wheat crop yield, with an average error of (0.01) and the square root of the average error (1.45), while the Kriging method has an average error of (0.26) and the square root of the average error. (1.98), and we conclude from the foregoing that the spatial prediction of wheat yield using the inverted weight distance (IDW) method was more accurate than the Kriging method.

The current research concerns with the effective capacity of the school administrations and its awareness of the importance of providing the capabilities and needs that achieve the educational goals and the harmonization of sports programs with the school system. In addition to making it one of the foundations of success and advancement of the school career according to a sober and objective scale, and knowing the extent to which the school administration has a clear vision of what teachers of education need Sports of perceived organizational support for the permanence of school sports. As the research aimed to build a measure of perceived organizational support, the correlative relationships to suit the objectives and problem of the research, and the research sample was determined from teachers of physical education in intermediate and preparatory in schools affiliated to Salah al-Din Education, relying in the field research procedures on the questionnaire as a tool for research by building the perceived organizational support scale of (5) areas for a group of phrases The)50( phrases are distributed unevenly over the domains, and the most important conclusions of the research are the application of the scale, The teachers of physical education for the Directorate of Education of Salah al-Din enjoy a good level of perceived organizational support provided to them.

The word Zentangle is composed of two words "tangle" from the English language, meaning (tangle) and the word Zen, which is a Sanskrit word of origin that means meditation. Scribble because it follows a theory and methodology, and the drawing of a Zentangle is not forbidden if it does not contain what has a spirit, such as related to the manifestations of nature, such as trees, mountains, valleys, plains, roses, and so on, or if the one with the drawn spirit is deficient and imperfect.

In this research, we made a comparative study of certain narrative techniques in two well-known works: The Trial by Franz Kafka and The Stranger by Albert Camus. This is a penetrating and insightful comparison of two of the most discussed novels of the 20th century. We have analyzed the most important tools of narration as well as the linguistic structures used by these two novelists. We have also related the similarity of use of these narrative techniques, as well as Camus’ own appreciation of Kafka’s work. Not only that, but we have particularly emphasized the function of time in the works of both authors, and their use of irony and the existentialist and absurd themes evident in the pursuits of their characters. This was achieved through an exploration of narrative devices, where the authors reveal these two works as a reflection of the intellectual climate of 20th century Europe.


Résumé
Dans cette recherche, nous avons fait une étude comparative de certaines techniques narratives dans deux œuvres bien connues : Le Procès de Franz Kafka et L’Étranger d’Albert Camus. Il s’agit d’une comparaison de deux romans les plus discutés du XXe siècle. Nous y avons analysé les outils de la narration les plus importants ainsi que les structures linguistiques effectuées par ces deux romanciers. Nous avons aussi mis en rapport la similarité d’usage de ces techniques narratives ainsi que la propre appréciation de Camus sur l’œuvre de Kafka. Nous avons insisté particulièrement sur la fonction du temps dans les œuvres des deux auteurs, ainsi sur leur utilisation de l’ironie et les thèmes existentialistes et absurdes évidents dans les poursuites de leurs personnages. Cela a été réalisé à travers une exploration des dispositifs narratifs où les auteurs révèlent ces deux œuvres comme un reflet du climat intellectuel de l’Europe du XXe siècle.

In the face of the vast difficulties that information and communication technology is fast generating, the educational system must keep up with the rising and progressive scientific discoveries to be consistent with modern living and the shift in teacher and learner perspective in the digital age. In light of the above, the researcher has a desire to investigate the effect of computer-assisted learning strategies on the speaking and writing skills of learners of English as a secondary language. An online survey was sent to a sample of (150) college English instructors from different English department sectors in Kurdistan/Erbil universities using a quantitative technique. Because computer-assisted learning strategies make use of several contemporary learning methodologies and resources, the analysis of the replies revealed the significance of employing them while teaching higher English levels. It motivates students to communicate and interact with each other, increases their motivation towards learning, and encourages them to interact and participate while employing them. It also stressed the importance of using computer-assisted learning strategies in enhancing students’ speaking and writing skills in terms of proper pronunciation, improving vocabulary understanding and production, improving correct writing, reducing spelling errors, helping master writing with punctuation marks and sound grammar and enabling them to use a clear and logical structure within the text and speech. Finally, the study resulted in the finding that computer-assisted learning methodologies had a statistically meaningful beneficial influence on the writing and speaking abilities of ESL learners in Kurdistan at a significant level of (0.05). The study suggested using computer-assisted learning techniques, such as the use of educational software, in the teaching of English.