Journal Of the College of law /Al-Nahrain University

In the social environment – economical unstable, Iraq lives level of transforming toward economic market that oblige on it exceed many obstacles for unharmed transforming.
The small projects one of strategies followed in the world that proved success in many countries , so that we worked through this study on determine the concept the small projects and its importance on the level of world through some experiments for advanced countries and developed and highlighting its importance and its development in Iraq , and the reference to importance what followed in world to support these project and develop them, for activate the its role in solving many economical and legal problems which Iraq suffer from importance problems.
Finally this study may open door for the studies legal which dealing with social problems.
This study represent wide subject and important so that the researcher complete this way from another subjects.

If the responsibility to direct the actor, who tied the result criminality doing directly, raise sometimes difficult to identify, the difficulty increases and complicated more on the responsibility of causer that there are no legal rules directly to determine the caused and responsibility, In addition, the criminal Fiqh positive did not know the term the caused was not identified, and did not agree on a unified opinion on the determination of responsibility for the outcome. Therefore, this paper takes the meaning of a statement to cause and its elements, and to determine the responsibility of causer, both in doctrine or law.

water was and still is a source of conflicts due to the consumption of some countries substantially more water from its water resources, the researcher dealt with the most important theories of jurisprudence on the division of water through the study of the issue of international rivers waters division between states , and concluded the most important theories, with emphasis on the prevailing view that the doctrine of international to respect the sovereignty of the state riparian and their right to use the waters of international rivers that pass through its territory with the restriction that they must respect the interests and rights of riparian States, to take advantage and use waters of international rivers on the grounds that international river is one unit fiom its source to estuary
The research also pointed out to the most important guideline principles and international rules which relates to respect the rights of riparian states of river and the inadmissibilitv of the one of the riparian states to sole exploiting the international waters of the river which would adversely affect the rights and interests of other riparian states. These principles and rules has been confirmed in many provisions of international jurisdiction.

Article 38 of the Statute for each of the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice and Article 21 of the International Criminal Court Stipulated for the general principles of law as well as international treaties and international custom as a source shall apply by the court to decide such disputes as are submitted to it.
In this paper we show the point of view of scholars in the concept , content and the context of these principles as well as its legal nature in the first section. Then we deal the judicial applications of these principles in the second section. In the conclusion we show the most important results and our point of view in the questions posed by the search.
Key words: sources of international law, general principles of law, the Permanent Court of International Justice, the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court.

The idea of this research concentrate on the relation between legal rights of freedom communications and legal regulation of spectrum frequency , as a one of most important economic fortune to every state at this time , because of its relation with communications , even of relation with state seignior , and other most important functions , as well as there is great relation with media , press , and communications , because of the spectrum frequency represent of the media to transfer and practicing those rights . the legal regulation to the spectrum frequency in according to rules of (ITU) international union of communications and principles of national acts , service contracts , rules of treaty of (GATS) effects to restrictive practicing legal right of freedom of communications , so that what makes to diagnosis problems and solutions .

The women enter the labor market in all areas, not far from the attention of the Jordanian legislator which led him to create many special protection of women in the labor law legal requirements, on the basis of the role they play within the community mother and housewife, and a nanny, and running at the same time, it is not the role of undeniable.
Accordingly Find Jordanian legislator many special protection of women working legal texts, whether in the pregnancy until delivery, and the situation and gave working women pregnant maternity leave, within the rules and regulations of certain must be met, as specified duration of such leave, and arranged to give this holiday a group of rights, and guarantees some of which is a financial nature, including those related to women's health and birth n the care and upbringing.
The protection of women during maternity leave was not far from the attention of many of the ILO conventions providing protection to women during this stage.
The question that this study seeks to answer is: the adequacy of the legal provisions governing maternity leave in providing adequate protection, and necessary for working women during pregnancy or after childbirth situation. Under the provisions of the Jordanian Labour Law No. (8) of 1996, as amended? Compared with the position of the Jordanian legislator international conventions Organization for the Protection of Motherhood issued by the International Labour Organization to show whichever offers the best advantages, and provides greater protection of working women, both at the stage of the situation, or beyond.

In England and Wales, under the provisions of the Human Rights Act that has been enacted in 1998 and came into force in 2000 the European law or the European Convention on Human Rights becomes directly enforceable in domestic courts.
This research endeavors to examine whither the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights into English legal system successfully brings the system to attain full compliance with the obligations of due process required by the European law or not. The issues discussed in this research include four sections to conclude that, on the one hand, the Human Rights Act have a positive influence on the protection of human rights in the criminal process and rights of persons facing these proceedings. On the other, the current study demonstrates that the threat to freedoms and liberties under criminal legal system involves the theoretical weakness in some aspects and maltreatment of individuals.
In light of the aforesaid, this research will look into the impact of the Human Rights Act in due process through four Sections. First section examines the effect of the Human Rights Act on the English legal system in a way that is compatible with the European Convention on Human Rights. Section two shows the impact of the Human Rights Act on the right to remain silent during criminal proceedings. Section three endeavors to show the impact of the Act on the right of liberty in order to strike right balance between combating crimes and due process during criminal proceedings. Section four is devoted to examine complying between the European convention and fighting terrorism in England and Wales. Finley, the conclusion of this study summarises the outcomes of the research.

Arbitration has become a manifestation of the times because of its importance in various sectors, he resorts to the parties away from the competent court for their confidence in the jury system as an alternative to eliminate what is characterized by the arbitration of great importance and benefit from the expertise of arbitrators arbitration , Through this research came to arbitration in French, Egyptian and Iraqi legislation definition, then explained the terms of the arbitration award and what are the cases of nullity, and ways to implement the arbitration award , Arbitration is generally dependent on the will of the parties, in the framework of legal regulation of these will through legislation regulating the process of arbitration or that organization to implement the arbitration award .
Keyword: Arbitration, Administrative Contracts, Legislative regulation of arbitration, Disputes of administrative contracts.

The actions contained on the property attributable to a minor, complex behaviors law, and in particular the sale of real estate of a minor or leased. Comes recipe complexity through what is required by law of a formal legal procedures and official approvals, which, inter alia, to restrict the guardian the authority to dispose of the property of a minor, the consent of the care of minors Directorate, as well as verification of the interests of the minor in that act, and this is paying people to apathy or lack of thinking to embark on dealing in such type of real estate. Therefore, this study tried to finding appropriate solutions to the problematic raised by the research topic, since those solutions consisted expand the validity of the guardian in the disposition of the property of the minor, without the need to obtain the approval of the care of minors Directorate in certain cases, according specific conditions as contained in the conclusion of this study

The cultural heritage of architectural and other different types and forms of pride Nations and pride and evidence of originality and authenticity, that is crossing all national identity and a link between past and present, it is unfortunate to have that heritage, until recently, been vulnerable to loss and destruction, and thus extinction and neglect that caused the damage and mess it up or by leakage to the outside, and took establish private institutions that take care of her and are maintained Termmha, also took to monitor the appropriate budgets in the range of possibilities available to spend them on the restoration, maintenance and rehabilitation, roads and the provision of services and others. also issued regulations to ensure the protection of these edifices were held international agreements to assist in the maintenance and protection of historical and heritage monuments.