Surra Man Ra'a

This research, titled: (Doctrinal Differences and Their Impact on Academic Achievement: A Case Study of Imams Al-Ash\\\\'ari and Al-Jubba\\\\'i) is one of the important research that talked about the impact of doctrinal differences on academic achievement, as the researcher chose two models for the study represented by two great imams, namely Imam al-Ash’ari and al-Jabba’i. This study was based on Historical aspects of doctrinal issues, explaining the doctrinal difference between the two personalities and then studying the impact of this difference on academic achievement and explaining its benefits. Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and may God’s blessings be upon our Master Muhammad and all his family and companions

\\"Crimes against humanity are among the most recent international crimes, as they did not emerge until after the Second World War, when they were stipulated in the statute of the Nuremberg Tribunal. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of immigrants and displaced persons worldwide due to the rising number of armed conflicts, both international and local.
In this study, I aim to examine an aspect of human interaction by shedding light on the rights and protection of civilians during wars and armed conflicts. These individuals are often vulnerable to the devastating effects of war, forcing them to leave their homes and migrate to other places, either voluntarily or involuntarily.\\"

\\"Bitcoin is one of the most popular digital currencies. It has spread and become famous among money brokers, fictitious banks, and flimsy currencies. Despite it being the riskiest financial market on the part, it is also the highest in profit rates, and this last characteristic is what the brokers and their investor agents have used and exploited in attracting dealers and investors.
The researcher wants to explain and clarify the difference in contemporary fatwas regarding the permissibility of dealing with digital cryptocurrencies between the majority, which prohibits them, and the minority, which permits them within a limited and conditional scope.\\"

This research includes the Glorious Quranic verses containing the kind word and its pronunciation and takes lessons and examples from these verses. This research is of great importance because these verses have lessons and examples that guide the reform of individuals, families, and societies and the achievement of happiness in the world and the hereafter.

It is not hidden from the student of literature that the environment has an impact on literary production، as it is one of the influences that play an effective role in that production، whether it is poetry or prose، and this influence goes in two directions: the first elevates literature towards sublimity and perfection، and the second affects it negatively and makes it a cheap material that may not bear anything but the name.

The paper focuses on the use of rhetorical interrogative style in the poetry collection \\\\"Mirrors of Questions\\\\" by poet Ra’d Mahmoud ‘Abdel Qader. This collection showcases a unique poetic experience where interrogatives, in their various forms and techniques, are vividly portrayed, reflecting human reality and suffering. By employing the principles of semantics, the study examines the different types of interrogatives found in these poems, uncovering their rhetorical connotations and their crucial role in shaping poetic sentences and the overall artistic structure of the poem. The analysis breathes new life into the poems, infusing them with renewed meanings. Ultimately, the paper reveals that the poet utilises the interrogative style as a means to explore and contemplate life and societal issues, transforming his poems into a tool for intellectual and aesthetic appeal, making the poems truly worth reading and pondering upon.

Exposition in Mutarrif bin Abi Mutarrif\\'s prose letters. Exposition rooms are a rhetorical art that relies on symbolism and suggestion and aims to disapprove of the opponent and indirectly harm him, far from direct censure and obscene criticism, as the research dealt with the rhetoric of exposition in the letters of Mutarrif bin Abi Mutarrif.
The prose, which amounts to approximately ten letters, was addressed to Musab bin Abdullah Al-Zubayri. The research was based on defining the term “defamation” in language and terminology and explaining its forms, characteristics, and meanings. We divided the research into two axes, that is, two fields, the first of which (the social field) included four units, namely: defamation by lack of wisdom and insight, defamation by miserliness, defamation by ignorance and lack of knowledge, and finally, defamation by lack of knowledge.
Loyalty and honoring a friend. As for the other field, it occupied (the religious field and included three units. The first unit was devoted to weakness and shortcomings in work and approach, and the second unit studied greed and love of the world. The last unit was to expose him to his lack of commitment.
With the covenants of Islam, its laws, and its rituals, the research focused on identifying the forms of exposure, its methods, and its morphological vocabulary.
And its linguistic and grammatical structures and we concluded with the most important results that we had reached.

In the book (Linguistic Adventures) by the well-known linguist Dr. Abdul Haq Fadhel, published by Dar Al-Ilm Lil-Malayin, there are more than forty linguistic topics that the author addressed with interest and deliberation, including research entitled (Advancing the Adjective over the Noun in Arabic), the gist of which is that this style is foreign to the Arabic language and came to it as a result of its proximity to the Persian language, which places the adjective before the noun. In this research, I try to prove that this style (adjective before the noun) is an ancient linguistic behaviour in the Arabic language. Poets have used it since the pre-Islamic era, just like the style of (the description precedes the adjective), as they are two styles that have no relation to each other. What is meant by the description precedes the described in the Aryan languages, including Persian, is the same thing that the Arabic language wants when it precedes the described, meaning that this linguistic behavior, i.e. (the description precedes the described), is something specific to the Arabic language that does not exist in other languages for it to acquire it from them... As for the research plan, it was represented in my following the opinions of (Abdul Haq Fadil) that he mentioned in succession, as he proves that the behavior of the adjective became illogical when it precedes its described, and my discussion of them in succession according to this sequence... And success comes from God.

This research dealt with the concept of refusal and rejection as an objective study in pre-Islamic poetry. The preface summarized the meaning of refusal in language and terminology. The study was based on three sections: the first section was entitled (Social Refusal), the second section was entitled (Political Refusal). The third was entitled (economic refusal), then came the conclusion to include the most important results summarized, and then proved the most important sources and references, has leaned research on the descriptive analytical approach.

Composing on the Prophet’s Birthday and Prophetic praises is considered one of the creative activities of historians of the Islamic Maghreb in the later centuries. The research plan consists of two topics: the first deals with the Prophet\\\\\\\\'s birthday, and the second praises of the Prophet and the most important results.
- The first person to celebrate the Prophet\\\\\\\\'s birthday was the ruler of the Iraqi city of Irbil, King Al-Muzaffar (Kokpuri).
- The first to classify the birth of the Moroccan historian Ibn Dahia al-Kalbi (d. 623 AH / 1235 AD).
- Hejazi poems from the creativity of the poets of the Islamic Maghreb in the prophetic praises.
- Opening the way for new literary studies that derive their scientific material from the events of the fragrant Biography of the Prophet.

The Kirkuk irrigation project is considered one of the largest projects in Iraq. This project aims to transform the course of the Little Zab River into an industrial canal by blocking the molasses dam to take advantage of the water stored in the Dokan Dam to irrigate agricultural lands and achieve self-sufficiency in the agricultural products present in Kirkuk Governorate, thus halting the progress and prosperity of agricultural countries. When water is available through irrigation, a problem arises, which is calculating the irrigation time and the added amount. All of this depends on many things, including the type of crop, the rate of evaporation/transpiration speed, the type and thickness of the crop’s soil, and the growing season.

The research aims to determine the effectiveness of the P.E.C.S strategy in mathematics achievement and the development of associative thinking among first-year intermediate students. The quasi-experimental approach was applied to a sample consisting of (62) students, distributed equally between two groups. An experimental group consisted of (30) students who were taught with the P.E.C.S. strategy, a control group (30) students who were taught in the traditional method, and an achievement test consisting of (40) multiple-choice items, and an associative thinking test composed of 22 multiple-choice items, and two validity and reliability tests were conducted and the results showed. The experimental group outperformed the control group in the mathematics achievement and associative thinking tests, and the size of the effect was very large, with a statistically acceptable percentage of gain in developing associative thinking.

the current research purpose is to discuss the technical methods of news editing used in satellite channels, specifically “Al-Jazeera News Channel Reports,” which is concerned with studying, discussing, and analyzing the methods followed in editing news reports in terms of form and content. The research follows the survey method, which is classified as descriptive research, which is concerned with describing a media phenomenon and answering the question of studying the overall features. It is expected that the results of this research will benefit the media institutions concerned with making news reports, especially Al-Jazeera, which is concerned with broadcasting news reports about the country of China, targeting the community of Al-Jazeera’s news reports that deal with Chinese affairs, which number 300 news reports, which were identified using a comprehensive survey method.
For a period of five months, then the researcher followed the sampling system using simple random sampling to withdraw the research items at a rate of 15% so that the total sample items subject to analysis and interpretation were (45) items. The research included a conclusion that included the results, and among the most important results in the search, we mention the following:
1. The analysis showed that the analytical report category and the descriptive report were ahead of the report related to fact-finding and the documentary report. The analysis topped the emergence of the framework category for simulating reality in the news, the description of the event and the surrounding circumstances, and the framework of conveying and portraying the conflict. It was shown in the analysis of the presented research that the news analysis took the lead regarding the premises for constructing news reports and the emergence of the frame category. The summary-summary introductory frame, the introductory frame of statement or quotation, and the introductory frame of verbal manipulation.
2. The analysis created progress for the frameworks of political topics and the frameworks of economic topics. The framework of recorded voices - the natural version issued in the combined form on the framework of recorded voices only, and in the field of frameworks of objective methods for presenting news reports, presented frameworks for presenting facts and news information within the framework of delivering excitement and intimidation, and the framework for presenting facts and statistics.
3. The framework of stories for constructing television news reports provides the story with extensive news and information, the news story for reactions and comments on the documentary statistical tale, and the illuminating story with hope and brightness. The analysis showed that the frames of reference for constructing television news reports relied on the framework of officials, experts, and political and economic analysts.

The study came with the aim of identifying The Seeking of Traffic Information from Local Radio by Kirkuk’s Taxi Drivers and Its Reflection on Their Traffic Awareness. The study was descriptive in its field part, based on the survey methodology: To survey a sample of taxi drivers in the city of Kirkuk, which consisted of 200 individuals, and it relied on the questionnaire tool for data collection and the theory of seeking information as a theoretical framework. Provided by the local radio, at the forefront of the strategies they follow, and with regard to the steps to seek taxi drivers in the city of Kirkuk for traffic information, the step of feeling the importance of traffic information, and waiting to listen to traffic programs came at the forefront of the steps, and the study also demonstrated the existence of a medium positive correlation with statistical significance between the strategies for seeking Taxi drivers in the city of Kirkuk for traffic information from the local radio and their level of awareness.

This research deals with indirect speech acts in utterances. Due to its successful usage, especially in everyday conversation, the indirect speech act will be analyzed in the following theories: first, inference theory by Gordon and Lakoff; second, theory of Felicity condition by John Searle; third, conversational implicature by Paul Herbert Grice. The problem of performance in indirect speech acts is metacommunication; the aim of the research has been outlined to highlight the fact that indirect speech act is commonly used to reject requests despite the literal meaning that does not explicate any rejection because of displeased politeness and authority. The results conclude that inference theory provides the varieties of indirect request, which differs mainly in their politeness, and the boundary sets physical action and metaphysics. Finally, the indirect speech act is calculable from Grice-style principles.

The study is concerned with the pragma-translation amalgam investigating how speech acts can be strategically utilized as manoeuvering tools and how translation can be strategically adapted to achieve the maneuverer\\\\'s aims. Difficulty in both the strategic manoeuvering perception and rendition is attributed to its maintenance out of its debate and triggers cultural inadequacy, cross-code breakdown, etc., in its renditions. To conduct this study, five argumentations have been selected from the interview of the President of the Iraqi Parliament Council in his issuance of resignation decision with their four renditions as the data. An analytical-qualitative method of various theoretical rules, functions, mechanisms, etc., is utilized to analyze the data under scrutiny. An eclectic model of mixed perspectives is developed involving Emeren and Grootendorst\\\\'s (1984) employment of speech acts in strategic manoeuvering, Omar (2019) Speech acts of Strategic manoeuvering in the Pragmatic Study of Arabic Argument, Emeren (2010) in his modification of Searles\\\\' speech act taxonomy of manoeuvering acts, and Chesterman (2015) pragmatic adaptation strategies. The study comes with the most notable conclusion, which is that speech acts are the dominant manoeuvering tactics defensively utilized in political debates whose translation requires a high degree of awareness of their strategic motives and an adequacy of a pragmatic adaptation strategy for legitimating them strategically in the target language.

Remembering information and experiences is what enables us to solve new problems that confront us in the future. The current study examines how visual disturbance or visual anomalies are effective in enhancing memory and helping to recall tasks that participants need to remember. Thus, it aims to explore the effect of visual anomalies in improving memory recall compared to traditional methods. The study relied on a mixed-method approach through a quantitative and qualitative data procedure. Twenty volunteers who did not suffer from psychological or mental disorders, aged from forty to fifty years, participated in this study. They were distributed into two groups: control and experimental. The control group relied on traditional ways to remember the tasks, while the experimental group used confusion and unusual visual anomalies as a means of remembering. The researcher tested the participant\\'s ability to remember at intervals of 24, 48, and 72 hours and after a week. The results revealed the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in remembering the tasks assigned to them. In addition, the findings stress the effectiveness of using visual interference to enhance memory and remember things. The visual disturbance is an effective signal to stimulate memory, especially if these interferences are distinctive and far from the usual, as they help attract the participant’s attention. Thus, this strategy is more effective than traditional methods, and the more distinct the visual noise is, the better and faster its effectiveness in enhancing memory. The research results indicate that adding this strategy to participants’ daily activities may be an effective and useful way to enhance memory. The Visual Disruption Mnemonics (VDM) framework encapsulates the core principles derived from the findings, offering a robust framework for understanding and applying this novel mnemonic strategy in various contexts.

The Thrill of the Grass (1984) is a short story by W.P. Kinsella. It revolves around the game of baseball and its profound impact on people\\'s lives. This paper aims to examine how the existential philosophy and the disputable connection between man and nature align significantly with each other, where happy memories of baseball are used to strengthen those relations within an existential framework. The writer has used the more expansive existentialist terms, which aren\\'t often used in this context, such as self-becoming, individuality and free will, to rethink our existence from an ecological standpoint by focusing on nature as the narrator pursues a meaning to his existence. This relation is evident and intermingled throughout this short story to emphasize the ecological existential viewpoint of the writer. The results show that the narrator finds the meaning of his existence in the natural world, where nature can affect the existence of humans in such a way as to achieve their subjectivity as well as its role as an essential source of free-thinking, spiritual well-being, and self-awareness.

This study aims to explore the problematic aspects of prophetic hadiths through a concise treatise by Ibn Mālik. This treatise consists of a series of questions concerning hadiths that present grammatical challenges، to which Ibn Mālik responded. In his work، Ibn Mālik examines eight hadiths، each containing a distinct grammatical or linguistic issue. He elaborates on the possible interpretations of these narrations.
In our study، we provide a detailed analysis of these issues، examining them thoroughly and prioritizing Ibn Mālik’s perspectives over those of other scholars. Additionally، we have authenticated the hadiths using primary hadith sources. Notably، our research indicates that many of these problematic aspects are resolved when considering alternative narrations found in authoritative hadith compilations that align with grammatical rules.
Thus، the study concludes that one of the primary causes of problematic hadiths in this treatise is the variation and multiplicity of narrations، which may have resulted from the actions of narrators. While we analyzed the text as Ibn Mālik did، we did not overlook the significance of alternative narrations.

The right to property is one of the most powerful rights in society, but it is never indispensable and is considered a necessity of life. Islam has come with a comprehensive approach to all life, including with regard to ownership and the love of ownership, the instinct of man's mushrooms on it. And money is the centre of economic activity in each society and the cornerstone of its social structure. Therefore, Islam dealt with property in all its aspects and organised its organisation accurately so as not to lead to infringement between people and the restrictions that the property system in Islam made people's transactions proceed according to its teachings correctly so that there is no injustice and aggression among them. Islam allowed the taking of types of means of gain and ownership in which the law was not forbidden through the reasons of legitimate property and the prohibition of illegal property and in order to preserve the good of people in their transactions and remove the damage from them, Islam placed restrictions on the reasons for the reasons of ownership and approved The removal of private property may be forced if necessary.