Engineering and Technology Journal

The purpose of the paper is to present a study of the effect of the ply orientation
angle on the crushing behavior, energy absorption, specific energy absorption, and
failure mode of woven glass fiber/polyester laminated composite tube. Glasspolyester
tubular specimens with circular cross-sectional geometry and (+45˚/-45˚,
+60°/-30°, 0°/90°) fiber orientation angles were fabricated and crushed by quasistatic
test under the same condition to examine the energy absorption
characteristics and to calculate the crashworthiness parameters. The loaddisplacement
curves of the tested tubes were presented and described; several
failure modes of the crushed tubes were observed and discussed. It has been found
that the fiber orientation angle has a considerable effect on the crushing
characteristic of the collapsed tubes and the failure mode, and (0°/90°) fiber
orientation angle tubes exhibit the highest SEA (specific energy absorption) 33.108
kJ/kg, crush force efficiency (0.7), crush strain relation (0.81) and a
load/deformation curve closer to the ideal curve than the other specimens.

Determination of phenolic compounds in insulin preparations includes
extraction with ethyl acetate (phases ratio organic to aqueous is 1:5 with one batch
or 1:10 with two batches) in acidic medium (PH =1.5-2), and then quantification
by GC or UV spectrophotometric techniques. This study leads to ensure that the
preservatives concentrations are effected by different conditions in the store of
insulin preparations. The concentration of methyl paraben was (0.808)mg\ml after
expiry date by (150-170) days . When the insulin preparations stored at freezing
point for (9-10) days, the concentration of methyl paraben reduced to
(0.37)mg\ml, and to (0)mg\ml , after (16-18)days at freezing point . Uv-Vis
method was proposed and applied for drawing calibration curve at 272 nm. for mcresol
which is used as preservative in insulin preparations. While methyl paraben
was determined by GC technique.

This work is a proposed simulation for forward link channel of CDMA2000 -1x
system by using QPSK, 8QAM and 16QAM, and converting the proposed system
to VHDL language by using Simulink HDL Coder for implementing in FPGA
board.
The results of simulation for forward link channel of CDMA2000 system shows
improvement when using three levels of codes (LPNC, Walsh code and complex
coding) in the present of AWGN for QPSK modulation the system performance is
improved from (1.8 to 1.9) in dB for BER (Bit Error Rate) 10 to 10 and for
8QAM the system performance is improved at (2.9) in dB for BER 10 to 10
and for 16QAM the system performance is improved from (1 to 1.2) in dB for BER
10 to 10 . The results of simulation in the present of AWGN and Rayleigh
fading channel are improvement within (0.5) in dB for the different Doppler
Frequencies (5 - 230Hz).
The Simulink HDL Coder has been used for converting the MATLABSimulink
models to VHDL language. The verification of the generated VHDL
code has been done using Altera-ModelSim program, while the synthesis reports
and board programming files have been obtained using the Quartus II program.
System implementation has been done using FPGA technology with Altera
Cyclone II boards. The implementation of the forward link channel by using
Simulink HDL coder shows feasibility and flexibility in solving the problem of
complex multiplication of complex spreading code also the practical results were
closed to that obtained from ModelSim program

In this paper the finite element methodis used as a numerical techniqueto
investigatethe three-dimensional elastomeric materials (rubber or rubber-like
materials) under finite, or large, strains analysis.The non-linear element equations for
the displacement and pressure field parameters are formulated using the minimized
variational approach. Essentially, approximate solutions for the displacement and
pressure field parameters are obtained from the solutions of the two corresponding
sets of non-linear simultaneous equations via the nonlinear Newton-Raphson iterative
procedure. The basic iterative solution procedure convergence is further improved via
breaking the applied load down into load incrementwith optimized incremental steps.
Additionally,a complete finite element formulation is reported and detailed in this
work,and the mathematical complexities conjoined with such kinds of analysis are
simplified as possible.
Solving some numerical examples and comparing the results with that obtained
from some available results and ANSYS 12.0 showed that the current formulation of
the finite element methods is correctand the resulted program is capable for solving
incompressible elastomeric materials under finite strain. The formulation used for the
finite element derivations for large strain analysis gave satisfactory results

Thin films of pure copper oxide and doped copper oxide have been prepared by
chemical spray pyrolysis. The films were doped with Manganese (Mn) by 2% & 4%
ratios. X-ray diffraction show that all prepared films have The two strong peaks of the
CuO films appear at 35.74o and 38.95o which correspond to diffraction from planes
(-111) and (111) respectively. The absorption coefficient was calculated from
transmission spectra range (450 – 950 nm) , the absorption coefficient increase by
doping, the allowed direct optical band gab energy has been evaluated from absorption
coefficient and the energy band gab increased by doping

This paper deals with the optimization of tools geometry in sheet metal forming
U-bending in order to reduce the equivalent strain, equivalent stress, and thickness
change after forming. Free form surface method (Bezier curve, B-spline curve, and
NURBS curve) is used to generate the die and punch profile; this technique is accurate
to describing the die and punch profile. A 3D numerical simulation using the Ansys
12.1 FEM code was conducted to understand the effect of die profile in final product.
The results show that the more uniform distributions in strain, stress, and thickness
when using same profile radius for die and punch (Bezier curve).

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical technique of imaging the
subsurface structures at high resolution and it is a non-destructive technique can
consequently be applied in many civil engineering fields and sensitive
environments. The amount of data collected however can be very large and take
a significant level of subjective experience to interpret. This study focuses upon
the ability of using the GPR with 250 MHz and 500 MHz antennas (intermediate
frequencies) to investigate the reinforced concrete to indicate the quantity of
steel bars and their configurations in the concrete constructed in the hidden
mensurations. The recent study shows the ability of using the intermediate
frequency antennas for such fields.

This study aimed to determine the level of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide
(ACCP), glutathione (GSH), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in sera of the patients with
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and healthy subjects to examine their possible role in this
disease. Thirty patients in MS were included for evaluation of serum anti-cyclic
citrullinated peptide (ACCP), glutathione (GSH), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and
they compared with thirty normal healthy subjects. Results revealed that the serum
levels of GSH and Cu were highly significant lower in MS patients than in healthy
control group p< 0.005. The mean serum levels of Zn for both groups were
significantly decrease p< 0.04, but the mean serum levels of ACCP in both groups
were no significantly decrease p > 0.201

The information exchange through the internet and especially the electronic email is
one of the most recent used areas. The paper presents simple system for efficient email
handling. The system depends mainly on the Microsoft Message Queue MSMQ
technique, introduced by Microsoft Corporation. The system is well protected using many
tools offered by MSMQ Environment and the RSA encryption method. The system
characterized by its simplicity, fastness, and has the ability to install and implement using
simple steps in Local Area Network (LAN) without internet and also with the intern

As the use of sounds for computer interfaces, electronic equipment and
multimedia contents, has increased, the role of sound design tools has become
more important. In sound retrieval, picking one sound out from huge data is
troublesome for users because of the difficulty of simultaneously listening to plural
sounds and sometimes there are difficulties with speech and sound recognition.
Consequently, an efficient retrieval method is required for sound databases.
This research proposes a system aim to deal with sound retrieval in both two
cases: authenticity and normal. In the first case, authenticity, two algorithms has
been develop one for building the authentication database and the second deal with
user sound sample to retrieve the matched authenticated samples. In the second
case normal we develop algorithm to deal with user sound sample to retrieve all the
matched samples. Many techniques used in this proposed system such as Artificial
Neural Network (ANN), Data Encryption Standard (DES), Multi Agent System
(MAS) and Fourier transformation (FT). Using these combinations of advanced
and adaptive techniques supports the system to be reliable, secure and parallel

In this work , double layer and three antireflection coating were designed and
simulated , optical reflection values were deduced with a matrix formulation via a
personal computer using matlab program, six materials has been selected to investigated
of the reflection as function of wavelength in visible region and near IR between (400-
1200nm) on silicon substrate and central wavelength at 900nm the result show double
layer quarter-quarter wave optical thickness has good preference antireflection has been
reduced reflection from 32% for silicon surface to 3% and for three layer coatings , the
results obtained broadband antireflection spectra and several form antireflection that
have zero reflection in double and three layer antireflection coating . The refractive
index and the optical thickness of each layer are adjusting to optimum antireflection
coatings on silicon solar cells

Turning process is a common machining process to produce cylindrical shape parts.
Understanding of material removal concepts in metal cutting is very important in
design process and cutting tool selection to ensure the quality of the products.
For this purpose, orthogonal cutting simulations of AISI 1045 steel are performed
and the model used in simulations is validated. Effects of work piece flow stress
models on cutting variables such as cutting forces, chip geometry and temperature are
investigated by comparing simulation results with experimental results available in the
literature. Results show that flow stress models have a major effect on calculated
results .The results of the simulations show that Oxley material model is able to give
more accurate results for used cutting conditions in the analysis, however errors in
calculating shear angle and thrust force are higher than Johnson-cook and Zerilli-
Armstrong material models.

In this research an integrated Geomatic system are developed. This system
called (Camera Total Station System) “CTSS” which installs a digital camera on
Total Station with a control system to compose an integration Geomatic system
together with digital photogrammetric software. The whole process includes two
stages: field survey and photogrammetric processing.Asteropair is exposed by a
(Cannon EOS500D) digital camera with a resolution of 15 mega pixels.
Four computational tests have been made by using software Leica
Photogrammetric Suite (9.2) to compute 3Dcoordinates of the object points besides
the adjusted exterior orientation parameters .The results show high accuracy
computed dimensions compared with the actual one. The results are very promising
(±0.1mm).

The aim of this study was to assess a spatial and temporal variations in water
quality of the Euphrates River flowing through Iraqi lands, with two approaches: the
use of water quality index (WQI) and a principal component analysis (PCA). In the
studied section of the river the global water quality WQI was 63.09 (classified as
medium – slightly polluted), this value denotes that Euphrates water requires
treatment for drinking, no treatment necessary for most industries and crop uses and
suitable for most fish and not recommended for sensitive one.
PCA results indicate that three factors for river water explain 92.95% of the total
variance. Varifactors obtained from factor analysis for water quality variations
indicate that factors responsible for water quality variations are mainly related to soil
leaching and runoff process, organic pollution from municipal effluents, pH and
temperature.