iklil for Humanity Studies

The current research aims to know ((the level of scientific competence and its relationship to the educational level of students of Arabic language departments in Iraqi universities)), and the research sample consisted of (two hundred and fifty-six) male and female students from the Arabic Language Department - College of Education for Humanities - University of Diyala, and to achieve the research goal, a tool (scientific competence scale) was built, and this scale consisted of (fifty-five paragraphs), including positive paragraphs, and others negative, distributed over several areas among individuals.

The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of an educational program based on selected texts from science fiction literature in developing creative writing skills and motivation toward free reading among fourth-grade science students. To achieve this goal, the researcher adopted a partially controlled experimental design, known as the two-group design (experimental and control), with pre- and post-tests. The researcher defined his research community and selected a research sample of (90) students, with (45) students in the experimental group and (45) students in the control group. Before commencing the experiment, the researcher rewarded students from both groups on a number of variables that could potentially have an undesirable impact on the course of the experiment. He then studied the two research groups throughout the duration of the experiment, which lasted a full academic year.

The aim of the current research is to identify the effectiveness of the problem tree strategy in teaching third-year students and developing their analytical thinking, and to verify the research objectives.

This study used the descriptive approach using the survey method due to its suitability to the research problem in this study, where the reality of e-learning in light of the Corona pandemic was evaluated from the perspectives of students and teachers, through a questionnaire consisting of (26) items to evaluate the role of e-learning in light of the Corona pandemic from the perspectives of students and teachers in the secondary school under study. The questionnaire was distributed to the study sample consisting of (40) students and (20) teachers. The study addressed three main axes: the first: the positives of e-learning; the second: the interaction of the student (or teacher) with e-learning; and the third: the negatives of e-learning. The results showed that the first axis received the highest acceptance rate among students, followed by the second and third axis, while the second axis received the highest approval rate among teachers, followed by the first and third axis. It was noted that both students and teachers agreed that e-learning reduces the burdens and difficulties of the educational process, but the transition from traditional education to e-learning was unpalatable to all of them. Most students viewed e-learning as positive compared to traditional education, unlike high school teachers who saw otherwise. Both students and teachers agreed on the many problems and drawbacks that hinder the implementation of the e-learning system at the present time. The results also showed that both students and teachers agreed on the weak interaction of students with the e-lesson, noting that 65% of students supported their interaction with the axis items in the questionnaire, even though the axis was statistically rejected. The study recommended the need to activate educational courses at multiple levels for e-learning programs for both teachers and students, so that e-learning does not become an emergency in the lives of students or teachers.

The research aims to identify the presence of digital competencies among University of Kirkuk faculty members from the perspective of their students.
To achieve this goal, a descriptive approach was chosen. The research community comprised 7,839 University of Kirkuk students, from whom a randomly selected research sample of 252 students was selected.
The research tool was a questionnaire adapted from the study by (Dhaher, 2022). Its validity and reliability were verified. The statistical methods used in the research consisted of a t-test for two independent samples, a weighted mean equation coefficient, and a percentage weight.
The results of the t-test for one sample indicated the presence of digital competencies among University of Kirkuk faculty members from the perspective of their students. The results of the percentage weights and weighted means also indicated weaknesses in the areas of digital problem-solving and digital security. In light of this, the results were interpreted, conclusions were drawn, and recommendations and proposals were formulated.

أثر استراتيجيتي الباحثين عن الرأي و تبادل الأَفكار في اكتساب المفاهيم الفيزيائية عند طلاب المرحلة الثانوية

Modern geographical studies focus on mathematical foundations and models that provide greater persuasive power in highlighting the most important distribution patterns of point phenomena. The current research will address one of the most important topics in geographical studies: the spatial analysis of city centers in the holy Karbala Governorate. The research uses geographic information systems (GIS) software, which has facilitated many complex and precise mathematical operations. The research concluded that geographic information systems (GIS) are an important tool for urban studies and planning, as they contain a vast amount of data with spatial and non-spatial dimensions, transform them digitally, and provide technologies that support geographical analysis, in addition to their distinguished ability to handle databases. The spatial variation pattern of city centers in the holy Karbala Governorate is regular, ordered, or symmetrical, according to the results of the neighborhood correlation coefficient. It is random, using Moran\'s coefficient, which takes into account population size and the fact that it is a central city in the governorate. The spatial distribution direction of the governorate\'s cities is (west-east), which is consistent with the general slope direction of the region.

The research aims to study the impact of climate on the cultivation and production of watermelon and melon crops in Babil Governorate for the period (1990-2022). The study included four sections. The first section included the trend of climatic elements and phenomena during the study period. The second section included identifying the presence of water deficit and surplus in the study area by extracting the climatic water balance. It was found that there was a water deficit during the study period. The third section included production quantities for watermelon and melon crops and climatic requirements in terms of determining the thermal and water requirements for both crops. The fourth section included statistical analysis. Through the correlation between climatic elements, phenomena, and production quantities, the impact of climate on watermelon and melon production in Babil Governorate was demonstrated through the presence of a direct and inverse relationship between climatic elements and production quantities for both crops.

Waterfront areas are among the most distinctive areas in the modern era, as many cities in the world that have these bodies of water are heading towards developing and exploiting these areas in tourism and urban activities. However, these policies sometimes suffer from some shortcomings due to development policies that have led to varying levels of urban and architectural exploitation due to the lack of a clear methodology and policies that control this at the local level. Hence, the importance of research comes through establishing an integrated system of design and urban indicators to develop river and water facades and achieve the best possible exploitation through studying the potential and advantages of the site and evaluating the urban efficiency of these areas to show their negatives and positives and attempt to develop them. The problem of research comes from the lack of a clear methodology or an integrated system that controls the urbanization of these areas and their development to achieve the best possible exploitation of these sites in a manner befitting their historical and cultural characteristics, which leads to exposing these tourism and recreational resources in many cases to waste and misuse. Hence, the goal of research comes through exploiting all the natural, historical, civilizational and cultural potential available in the place, which represent the components The basic ones that would contribute to the development of the water strip of the region, and the research assumes that the process of upgrading the river facades and investing in them will lead to strengthening the economic structure of the city, and the research followed the analytical approach to identify the most important international experiences followed in trying to develop these areas and search for the potential of the sensory dimension that represents the most important tourist incentives, and the research concluded that the process of planning the water bank and emphasizing the existing human, economic and natural components and potentials and how to employ them in the required manner leads to achieving the required goals of planning

The study here aims to know the importance of the Bab al-Mandab Strait and its geographical location for Iran, through which Iran reflects its vision of finding a foothold in the region, and sheds light on the repercussions of Iranian hegemony over the Strait. If it takes control of it, Gulf oil tankers will be within the danger zone, which constitutes a real threat to maritime navigation in the Red Sea. Iran’s goal is to control the Bab al-Mandab Strait and its immediate geographical area, as it is a vital region that opens broader horizons for it to devote its regional role and play a new supra-regional role. It gives it power and influence over all developments in the Middle East, the Red Sea, and North and East Africa. Therefore, the research included a study of four sections. The first section dealt with: the historical importance of the Bab al-Mandab Strait. The second section: dealt with the geographical location of the strait and its geopolitical importance. The third topic included: The Strait Islands and their geopolitical importance. The fourth topic: It dealt with the importance of the Bab al-Mandab Strait and its impact on the Iranian strategy.
The most important conclusions reached by the research are that the Bab al-Mandab Strait performs an important function as it connects the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean via the Arabian Sea, the Horn of Africa, and the Sea of Oman, and connects the Arabian Gulf to the Red Sea and from there to the Mediterranean Sea.

Global climate change may affect agricultural crop production as weather conditions and water supplies change, particularly intensive crop cultivation, such as double systems of wheat, maize and other agricultural crops. There is a need to know the effects of climate change on agricultural ecosystems to develop optimal conservation and production practices for crops. The research dealt with the impact of climate on water resources and it became clear that the general trend of climatic factors is moving toward an increase, especially during the growing season of the sunflower crop. This trend has had a significant impact. To increase water consumption and water regulation, especially when using the surface irrigation method for the crop, as the value of water consumption during the months of June and July amounted to about 122.28, 1541.56 mm. While the water rating values for the months of June and July also recorded a significant increase, especially during the growing season of the crop, reaching 204.3 and 252.94 mm.

The phenomenon of domestic violence is a serious problem facing the security of societies around the world. What increases its danger is that the majority of its victims are children, and its appearance in the behavior of children against their peers, against their community, or against material things, and its widespread spread. The source of danger appears in the phenomenon of domestic violence as an indication of the failure of the process. Social upbringing helps maintain the structure and security of society, and that this phenomenon is ancient, but it has begun to affect the health and rights of children, and thus their personalities, as they are the most vulnerable group in the family. The result of domestic violence against children is the accumulation of physical, psychological, health, and social damage, especially for young children who grow up in Light family atmosphere suffers from various social disorders and problems and has a violent upbringing.

This research aims to investigate self-awareness among users of social media and determine gender-based differences in self-awareness. Additionally، it aims to identify the sense of deindividuation within the research sample and explore gender-based differences in deindividuation. Furthermore، the study examines the correlational relationship between self-awareness and deindividuation among social media users. To achieve these research objectives، the researcher constructed a self-awareness scale based on Diener's theory (1979). The final scale consists of 20 items with a split-half reliability of 0.77 and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. Similarly، the researcher developed an deindividuation scale based on the same theory، comprising 26 items with a split-half reliability of 0.79 and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.83. The research findings indicate a decrease in self-awareness among social media users and an increase in deindividuation among them. Moreover، it was observed that females exhibit higher levels of deindividuation compared to males. Additionally، the study revealed an inverse relationship between self-awareness and deindividuation among social media users. In conclusion، the research offers a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aimed to identify the holistic thinking among educational counselors، as well as the need for knowledge among educational counselors، as well as identifying the correlation between holistic thinking and the need for knowledge among educational counselors. To achieve this، the researcher adopted a scale (Jawad، 2015) to measure the concept of holistic thinking، which It consists of (32) items. The researcher also adopted the (Casipo and Beattie) scale to measure the concept of need for knowledge، which consists of (18) items. To test the validity of the two scales، they were presented to a group of experts and arbitrators. The stability of the two scales was verified in two ways: testing. The test was repeated، as well as the Cronbach's alpha method، then the two scales were applied to the basic research sample of (200) students. The data was then analyzed using the statistical program for the humanities and social sciences (SPSS). The research reached a number of results، including: that educational counselors enjoy holistic thinking as well as the need for knowledge، There is a positive correlation between holistic thinking and the need for knowledge among educational counselors. The researcher has developed a number of recommendations and proposals.

The current research aims to identify (Mind Wandering and Its Relationship to Academic Grit Among Preparatory School Students Who Have Lost One or Both Parents ) to identifying the significance of the differences according to the gender variables (males - females) for both Mind Wandering and to Academic Grit , and to find out the correlation between them. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher built a Mind Wandering scale . The scale in its final form consisted of (24) items, and built the to Academic Grit scale .It was final form consisted of (22) items. Then, the two measures were applied to the research sample,(350)male and female students who were chosen randomly from the center of Diyala Governorate after analyzing and processing the data statistically by using the following statistical methods. The researcher reached the following results. The research sample has Mind Wandering, and that there are no significant differences depending on the gender variable The research sample has Academic Grit , and that there are have statistically significant differences depending on the gender variable for(female). It also found that there is an inverse correlation between the two variables of Mind Wandering and Academic Grit of the Preparatory School Students Who Have Lost One or Both Parents.

During recent events like Covid-19 Pandemic it was really hard to find descent way to feed people in need for food without humiliation so we establish an organization called Iraqi food bank to help people in need for food in a descent way supported by Iraqi people without any help from the government .

This article dealt with a noble Qur’anic text that included a set of valuable sermons emanating from the transcendent wisdom of a servant of God known as Luqman, who was mentioned twice in this text. The first of them explained the wisdom that was given to him from God Almighty, and the second included the sermon with which he admonished his son, and this article included a statement. Semantically, there are words, eloquent methods, and coherent structures that explain each other, including the most prominent social contents. That is, this article dealt with a regulatory text that contains a group of dimensions with social significance that begin with the parents, passing through the small family, and ending with the social environment, and this is what we have shown in the article.

This article discusses cyberbullying and its impact on society, education, culture, mental health, and schools. Cyberbullying refers to the use of technology and social media to harm others and inflict psychological harm. The article can be summarized in the following points
1- Impact on Society and Culture: Cyberbullying can disrupt social relationships, undermine understanding, and cooperation in society.
2-Impact on Education: Cyberbullying negatively affects the educational environment, student focus, and academic engagement.
3- Impact on Mental Health: Cyberbullying increases the risk of mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.
4- Impact on Schools: Cyberbullying creates an unsafe and disruptive learning environment
The article concludes that cyberbullying poses a serious threat to society, education, culture, and mental health. Effective measures must be taken to combat cyberbullying, including awareness, promoting positive behavior, and fostering a culture of tolerance and respect. This requires strong collaboration among all members of society to mitigate this problem and provide a safe and healthy environment for everyone.

The Saudi-Iranian rapprochement, thanks to Chinese mediation, is one of the events that exploded the political arena. Achieving political stability in the Arab region has become a demand that is in the interest of not only the two countries, but also of many countries in the region, most notably Yemen, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq, due to their political weight. Which each of them has the ability to influence the policies of other countries

This paper discusses the application of the conceptual metaphor in present-day linguistic research. It adopted the definition of Lakoff and Johnson who hold that metaphor is about experiencing one thing in terms of another. A distinction between the classical and the contemporary approaches to the study of metaphor was made followed by the examination of the types of conceptual metaphor given by the scholars. It further highlights the way(s) by which conceptual metaphor is used in the examination of the perception of individuals about one conceptual domain or another

The nation-state represented the pinnacle of political development for human societies, regardless of their colours, languages, character and characteristics, as it was considered the most effective recipe for political assembly.
While this idea among the Arabs represented other interests that were explained by many thinkers and university professors, whose ideas the researcher investigated and underlined in this historical political review during this topic review article.
At the end of the article, a narration of the researcher’s findings and his own opinion, along with approved references.