AL-ADAB JOURNAL

The present paper offers a comparative feminist reading of the American novelist Edith Wharton and the Egyptian novelist Taha Husain. It aims at analyzing both Wharton’s Bunner Sisters (1916) and Husain’s The Call of The Curlew (1934/1980) in terms of feminist criticism demonstrated in Beauvoir’s theory of patriarchy in her book: The Second Sex (2010). The analysis of these novellas provokes three substantial points regarding the artistic achievement of both writers. First, patriarchy is a male programming intended to subdue and decentralize the female by treating them as a sexed being, or rather as an inessential other. Second, the inferior position of women inspires Wharton and Husain to incorporate Beauvoir’s theory of patriarchy into their fictional works. To attain such an aim, both writers start narrative visions through which they expose patriarchal methods to marginalize and subordinate women. Lastly, the close reading of the novellas shows that they reflect the systemized oppression of women. Such is the shared leitmotif of Wharton and Husain’s narrative.

The present paper focuses on one major issue. It is the fear of doubtfulness which the poet suffers from. Walter Raleigh was a great poet of the sixteenth century who composed and produced poems that reveal the misery of life at that time. Because he was favourite man to Queen Elizabeth, no one dares to silence him. After the death of the queen, he was put in jail for the rest of his life. In jail, he composed some beautiful poems revealing his gloomy aspects of his desperate life inside the jail. So, this paper aims at investigating the concept of skepticism which is clearly discussed and highlighted in Raleigh’s poetry.

Mesopotamian myths occupy a crucial role in literature. It\'s not less than Greek or Roman myths. This study concentrates on the famous Mesopotamian Goddess Inanna- Ishtar in the work of Brazilian novelist Paulo Coelho\'s The Spy. This Goddess is seen from very different perspectives; politics, love, fertility, wildness, and as female character articulates the ideology of feminism. The goal is to actively participate in the discourse that govern, describe, and define life. The role of women, which makes up reality, has the power to both influence and recreate the world. It reinforces the argument that there is a feminine dimension, which is seen as a force against patriarchy. The common denominator between Ishtar and Mata Hari -the heroine of this novel- is that both of them, to some extent, have equivalent life. Both of them being insulted and idolized. The vulgar, wild and political role both played is the cornerstone of this research. The research also illustrates both artistical and political utilization of those two characters. The research begins with an introductory section to \"feminism\" then using analytic argumentation to clarify Ishtar\'s presence in the novel The Spy. The research is then concluded based on the study\'s findings. Additionally, the text makes an effort to critically show how a male-female ties is really used in the context of The Spy. The study assumes that the character Mata Hari is clearly reflected in the Mesopotamian Myth Ishtar.

The present paper is a study of modern dramaturgy, based on the stories of Anton Chekhov. The authors of this paper focus on two modern writers - Boris Akunin and Lyudmila Ulitskaya, their works inspired by the works of Chekhov. The purpose of this study is to analyze these works through the prism of dramatic and literary creativity. The authors of the article conduct a comparative analysis of Chekhov's stories and the corresponding dramatic works of Akunin and Ulitskaya, considering the structure, style, language, motives and themes. They explore how contemporary writers bring Chekhov's world to the stage while maintaining its atmosphere and emotion. The paper also highlights Chekhov's influence on modern drama and explores how today's writers are adopting his legacy and incorporating his work into their own works. It also reveals how these modern authors interpret Chekhov's stories, add their own accents to them and reflect modern challenges and problems. By analyzing this article, the reader will be able to gain a new understanding of the relationship between classical and modern drama, as well as see what changes have occurred in the interpretation and use of Chekhov's works in modern theatrical productions and scripts. The paper aims to draw attention to modern dramaturgy and highlight its connection with classical works such as Chekhov's stories.

This paper examines the impact of colonial rule on the political relations between Ondo and its neighbours between 1915 and 1951. This was a period between the First and the Second World Wars. The paper argues that the imposition of British colonial policy of administration greatly affected the precolonial peaceful coexistence and political relations between Ondo and its neighbours such as Ile-Oluji and Odigbo. Before the imposition of British colonial administration on the whole Nigeria in general, and Yorubaland in particular, each Yoruba community enjoyed political independent. It was the introduction of the so-called native administration (indirect rule) by the British that lead to the creation and imposition of Native Authority, one of the instruments of native administration over a considerable number of communities that were hitherto independent that eventually resulted in causing serious strains in the political relations among some communities in Yorubaland in general and Ondo Division in particular. The concentration of the British centralisation of political authority over the whole of Ondo districts through the use of Osemawe of Ondo, as the sole Native Authority brought an end to an interesting experiment of Native Administration in the districts as a result of various agitations.

Literacy events extract meaning from many sources including written ones. EFL learners might not be aware of the several activities, other than learning, that can help improve their language skills. The current quantitative descriptive study investigated the utilization of English sources outside the classroom. A total of (48) participants answered the survey of this study. The results of the study showed few participants use the target language in their daily life while the majority of the sample use literacy events outside the classroom with a variety of impact of developing their language domains. The study is important for Iraqi EFL teachers because it can be helpful in designing extracurricular activities in the EFL classroom.

This paper highlights how institutions often shape the paths available for political involvement. Many formal, lawful, and effective institutional avenues for people to express their aspirations are associated with significant extra-institutional action; this is one of the most significant conclusions drawn from the mobilization literature. With institutions serving as the independent variable, most scholarly studies have concentrated on how institutions affect mobilization. There is also a smaller body of study that examines the effects of mobilization on formal institutions, particularly about party politics, voting processes, and legal frameworks. Additionally, a large number of academics have examined institutions inside movements as well as movements within institutions as worthwhile areas of study. This paper identifies fourteen consensus propositions about the connections between institutions and mobilization. Although these fourteen conclusions are frequently taken for granted, further empirical testing is necessary to assess their robustness over a larger number of situations and historical periods. For this reason, they are given as testable hypotheses. The next section outlines three main obstacles to determining more widespread causal patterns: (1) a conceptual ambiguity in defining pertinent "institutions" as study subjects; (2) a dearth of worldwide data on protest and mobilization that could produce empirical findings that are broadly applicable; and (3) a historical propensity to extrapolate conclusions from a limited number of Western cases. To improve our collective grasp of the links between these notions, a few substantive and methodological approaches are suggested in the paper's conclusion.

This research aims to identify the main pillars of social policy for the elderly in the UAE, as well as to examine the existence and availability of necessary laws and services to protect the rights of the elderly and ensure the fulfillment of their needs. The study employed a descriptive method, with researchers accessing available data related to elderly policy in the UAE to conduct an intensive review of national legislation, laws, services, and programs related to the policy. The results revealed that the policy is based on seven pillars: healthcare, community involvement, effective civic participation, housing and infrastructure, financial stability, safety and security, and quality of future life. It was also found that the UAE government is highly committed to ensuring the rights of the elderly by issuing several legislations and laws, especially Federal Law No. 9 of 2019 on the Rights of Senior Emiratis, which was tailored for senior citizens in the UAE. Additionally, the results showed that the government has allocated significant resources to support the provision of comprehensive services for the elderly in various sectors, particularly health, protection, integration, rehabilitation, education, mobility, and financial support services. However, the research indicated that improvements are needed in the field of elderly empowerment, access to the digital world, technology integration, and effective participation from all stakeholders. Several corrective measures were proposed by the researchers to improve the policy in the country, the most prominent of which is the establishment of a national database for the elderly and conducting further quantitative and qualitative research, in addition to ensuring the elimination of technological illiteracy and promoting the active participation of the elderly in policy-making and all aspects of life.

The United Arab Emirates offers a pioneering humanitarian approach that emphasizes human service and care, whether on a local or worldwide basis. Therefore, the UAE has implemented a continual expansion and enhancement strategy for institutions and service providers across multiple fields. In substance abuse treatment field, UAE is committed to provide specialized substance abuse centres for patients and their families. These services have a workforce of highly skilled professionals. They provide an extensive range of services, such as detoxification, rehabilitation and treatment services, individual and family counselling, and continuous aftercare services. All these efforts should follow the international guidelines and standards of excellence to ensure that individuals receive care based on scientific evidence during the rehabilitation journey. This paper examines a review about addiction treatment and rehabilitation centres in the UAE, including Al Amal Hospital, the National Rehabilitation Centre, the Erada Centre for Treatment and Rehab, and the Ownak Aftercare Centre. In addition, this report will highlight UAE efforts from a legal and strategic perspective, highlighting the recent changes in substance abuse law and Abu Dhabi Strategy to combat drug abuse 2022-2024. Moreover, this study attempts to demonstrate evidence-based guidelines for effective substance abuse rehabilitation and research-based behavioural approaches that are published by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The method used in preparing this scientific paper is the documentary method, which depend on mainly on gathering secondary resources.

This paper aims to identify the reality of the relationship between rhetoric and creative thinking, in that the rhetoric material represents the process of building the human personality through the formulation of standards and scales that help the person to measure the level of expression of his sense of statement, with its two types of clarity and resolution, and thus rhetoric is the ability On the production and generation of discourse, as they are the criteria for evaluating and interpreting discourse, and distinguishing the good from the best, according to fixed principles, perhaps the most important of which are: the combination of the different genders and the proper composition between them, with the aim of deriving the particulars from the rare, not the cold, meanings, by provoking the details of the minerals of meanings The mysterious lurking in the curves of every soul; This is because every soul carries two kinds of meanings, The first: shared with her other sisters, and the second: the meaning that was created for her, as it is a product of her thoughts. and his feeling; To speak and provoke his instinct, forming a graphic imprint with which he differentiates, establishing this according to the requirements of a psychological mentality that seeks clarity and resolution, understanding and understanding, influence and change, and this is what necessitates that he has a number and types of thinking strategies with his operations and methods to strive in choosing what achieves his purpose.

The subject of this research is a single study of the Arabicized and Persian “sihr” that entered Arabic and underwent many semantic changes in successive historical eras. The approach followed is descriptive-analytical and historical. And the theoretical mulch is the Japanese Izutsu theory of semantics with its two parts, dacoronic and synchronic. The most important results are: In an original view; The word "cihr" does not mean (shohar/husband) in Persian, but rather means (chihr/sperm, element, and...) and in a semantic study that underwent semantic changes: in the context of the linguistic situation in general; Its significance changed to (intermarriage and circumcision) to denote the causal kinship resulting from marriage.) to be restricted to Imam Ali as the son-in-law of the Noble Prophet. This study highlights the importance of examining the originality of the extraneous Qur’anic vocabulary and its semantic developments, and identifies its crucial role in conveying the meanings of the Noble Qur’an to the recipient in a true and distinct manner, and by building it on. originality and historical study.

Man is not separated from his space, but rather he is this space itself. The creator and artist’s exclusive sense of space may be a deep one. Hence, the relationship of space to literature is strong. Indeed, it is the essential material of novel writing in particular, as no work is devoid of evoking this component, for which the basis and noticeable support is the main component that forms its fabric. Because it is the most present and embodied component in the novel, and it is the feature that characterizes the saying of space, and in it the novelist presents a minimum of geographical indications that stimulate the reader’s imagination to discover the place depicted in the fictional story. It is one of his identities that cannot be ignored or reduced, otherwise the work will be considered incomplete and truncated. This research, based on the descriptive analytical method, addresses space in the novels of the Iraqi writer Muhammad Mashal, which are Al-Sabari, Altaf, and Hajj Karbala. It addresses the definition of space and its types: geographical, textual in its cover (writing, drawings, and colors), and semantic (political, spiritual, belonging, contemplation, and expression), benefiting from multiple examples from the three novels. The places that the writer chose in his three novels were appropriate for the events, so the spatial framework was the environment that influenced and directed the events. The more diverse the events, the more diverse the places. The characters in the novels were linked to the places in which they lived and carried out their functions and lives. They did not exist outside their own world, which was the place that contained and shaped them. The use of place, with its realistic or imaginary connotations, constitutes the narrative fabric in the three novels. The narrator was not satisfied with one place, but rather began to use multiple places to create a narrative space based on the concept of dual logic of places, as the spatial space was divided into different types, and for this reason we sometimes find one place carrying two different connotations in Novels.

This study aims to determine the structure (Alysa) in terms of grammatical rhetorical purpose in the Holy Quran, the study followed the descriptive analytical approaches, and thy were dealt with through two sections: Firstly, with the definition of the structure (Alysa), where the Hamza it’s interrogative purpose, and its effect on the sentence structure were addressed. And not in terms of its origin, meaning, uses, prioritization of its predicate. Inserting the (Baa) into its predicate. Secondly dealt with the structure (Alysa) in the Holy Quran from Grammatical and Semantic perspective. The study reached many findings: the most important are; The construction of (Alysa) occurred thirteen times in the Holy Quran, eight times its predicate come in the genitive case verbally with an extra (Baa), and five times it predicate come before it’s noun, and come as a semi genitive and sentence its noun is an indefinite noun or an add indefinite noun .The parsing of the sentence (Alysa) is a number of cases which is resumption that has no place of parsing in the accusative position of direct object of the predicate- an answer to the vocative which has no place of parsing The (Baa) a predicate has been added not for purpose of strengthening the affirmation and rebutting the negation of predicate, while the purpose of question for the structure are: report, report by exclamation, denial, rebuke, or warning and indefiniteness alone.

This study aims to explicate the rules on the subordinate, defined by the singular conjunction, which is the word (bird), after mentioning the types of subordination in a brief and simplified way, then explaining the rules on its subordinate, especially the dependent, defined by the singular conjunction, then explaining the parsing of the word (bird) from the Almighty’s saying.} O mountains of Ubi with him and the birds {} Sheba / 10 {, and an explanation of the semantic impact of the multiplicity of readings and grammatical aspects in the interpretation of the Qur’anic text.
This study is divided into an introduction and four sections, followed by a conclusion. It was supported by the sources and references of the study. The first section is entitled “On the followers of Arabic and its types”, the second “Rulings on the caller’s follower, defined by the singular conjunction”, and the third “The grammatical aspects of the caller’s follower, defined by the singular conjunction”. The fourth is entitled “The meanings of the nominative and accusative in guiding the interpretation of the word (bird)”.

There is an interest in the Arab heritage of linguistic and grammatical terminology, as it has accompanied them from the beginning of linguistic and grammatical authorship, and the terms have a specific significance to the extent of saying: (There is no Moshaha (confusion) in the term) in terms that the words have a recognized terminological Indication, as long as they agree on the one hand and commonly used on the other. However, what was decided that (there is no confusion in the term) needs careful Meditation and deep reflection, it may be agreed upon and it received from the commonness of what he received, but it is problematic in several ways, such as the term has two general and private Indications, as we find in the Indication of the term (Approaches verbs) which is general and the verbs of hope and Initiation verbs private on ) Kada Awshaka and Karaba) . There is a plurality of terminology as we find in the initiation verbs or the term does not reveal what it is in terms which it must be inclusive. It is noted that the plural and prohibition limits covered by the term in the section of Approaches verbs. This research deals with the study of the issue of the grammatical term in the section of the approaches verbs, and shows that the term had disorders in semantics. We find abundant terms in this section in that grammarians were not together in their release and in their use. It seeks to put the grammatical term in the approaches verbs to the test in order to reach the mechanism of its development and standardization.

Description is the basis on which the poet builds his poem, to the point that it has been said that poetry is based solely on description. The ancients, especially in the eras that preceded the Abbasids, were swayed by including it with other purposes, and they did not intend it to describe the single poetic purpose that flourished and became a characteristic of the Abbasid era, especially the fifth and sixth centuries AH.. The poets of this stage surpassed all those who preceded them and developed significantly on two fronts: the first: that they became independent and intentional, and the second :they introduce new meanings to the things described, especially among them the decrease in the distribution of describing the desolate desert and the pre-Islamic environment to describing meadows, orchards, castles, fortresses, and everything that their searching eyes fell upon. Examining the particles of what surrounds them, including describing the cold weather, snow, schools, describing types of food, describing pens and notebooks, and other things that poets excelled at, and all of that would not have happened had it not been for the development of the mental life of the Arab individual and society towards civilization. Then the environment in which he inhabits has a role in revealing this new description, especially They left the desert for the cities.

This research examines the prominent poetic purpose in the poems of the Emirati poet Manaa Said Al-Otaiba, which is the elegy for his sons and mother. Through them, the feelings of pain and grief experienced by the poet due to those difficult circumstances are evident, reflected in the atmosphere of the elegy and its poetic vocabulary and structures. The poet employed expressions and techniques saturated with his feelings and emotions towards the deceased. For Al-Otaiba's elegiac poem, its general character is unified. It begins with the title of the poem in which the poet declares the name of the deceased, then he starts by stating his relationship with him, and expressing feelings of sadness and grief. Then, he describes the virtues and good deeds of the deceased, ending the poem by submitting to God's decree, and praying for mercy and forgiveness for the deceased, and for patience and solace for his family, seeking reward from God. What is notable in the poet's experience is that he has published several of his elegies interactively with readers, through posting them on his social media platforms. This allows the recipient to directly interact with the sad content, and to feel those sincere and touching emotions when reading them. The research is divided after the introduction into three axes. The first is devoted to discussing the purpose of elegy in Arabic poetry and its evolution through different eras. The second is to introduce the poet and his literary productions. As for the third, titled "Elegy in the Poetry of Manaa Said Al-Otaiba," it included the applied study of selected elegies, and the study concluded with a number of results and recommendations. In order to understand the objective and artistic characteristics in the selected poems, the study adopted the descriptive analytical approach.

The research examines the role played by the thirty-first American President Herbert Hoover (1929-1933) in supporting the Zionist movement, both during the period before and during his assumption of the presidency of the country and after it, especially during the forties of the twentieth century through his adoption of the plan of the Zionist leader Ben Hourin to deport the Arabs of Palestine to Iraq, which was known as the “Hoover Project.” The researcher divided his research into five axes, the first of which studied Hoover’s religious belief and its connection to his positions on the Jews and the Zionist movement. The second axis included his support for the Jews and the Zionist movement until 1928 and the role the latter played in his victory in the presidential elections. The third axis touched on Hoover’s support for the Zionist movement during the years of his presidency For the country from 1929 to 1933, which coincided with the escalation of the intensity of the Arab-Zionist conflict on the land of Palestine, and the fourth axis dealt with his plan to settle European Jews in Africa in 1943, especially with the genocide they were subjected to, while the fifth and final axis shed light on his project to deport the Arabs of Palestine to Iraq and its cooperation with supporters of corrective Zionism to implement it on the ground. However, this project did not see the light of day due to the international balances existing at that time and the beginning of the Cold War between the capitalist and socialist poles, in addition to its conflict with the American administration’s desire for its oil companies to have favor and acceptance in the Middle East region.

Travel literature has a significant role in enriching cultural communication through the transmission of knowledge, news, characteristics, and other observations made by travelers during their journeys. Their writings and records encompassed many geographical features and societal traits, focusing on these aspects and evidences, which in turn contributed to fostering cultural communication among Muslims and with other nations and peoples encountered by Muslim travelers. The expansion of the state after the Islamic conquests allowed travelers to explore the territories under their control, becoming part of their state. They delved intellectually into various regions, observing and researching, adapting to each place and time, documenting their observations, mapping routes, and organizing postal systems. Describing regions and attending to them became part of the news of conquests and battles.
Several factors contributed to the flourishing of travel literature throughout Islamic eras, including religious motivations such as pilgrimages and Umrah, Islamic conquests, or scientific and educational purposes to gain knowledge from renowned centers of various sciences such as jurisprudence, medicine, and engineering. Political motivations included delegations and embassies sent by kings and rulers to their counterparts in other states to strengthen relations. Additionally, there were tourism and cultural motivations driven by the desire to explore the world and the globe, travel for its own sake, and the love of movement. Moreover, trade journeys, which expanded among Muslims during the medieval period, also played a role. Travelers provided descriptions of peoples, their customs, traditions, morals, and attire.
The study concluded that Muslim travelers had deep knowledge of the social, religious, and cultural lifestyles of the peoples they visited, enabling them to interact and engage with others through discussions, debates, and scholarly gatherings. This significantly deepened the cultural communication between Muslim travelers and others.

The study aimed to shed light on the activity of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company during World War I and its political and economic effects on the Arabian Gulf region, through exposure to the political and social situation in the Arabian Gulf region during World War I. The study also sought to identify how the oil company emerged and developed. English-Persian, the political and legal cover of the company in the Gulf, and finally monitoring the political and economic effects of the company in the region. The study followed the historical approach due to its relevance to the subject of the study, and the study reached several results, the most important of which were: The First World War demonstrated the need of the armies of the major countries for planes and tanks for oil, which went along with it. Its appearance in this period in the Arabian Gulf region. The emergence of oil in the Arabian Gulf affected the economic and political situation in the region.

Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Mohammed Al Qasimi is considered one of the most prominent Arab historians of the twentieth century. He greatly focused on studying the history of the Gulf, Arab and Islamic worlds. From this standpoint, this research aims to identify the characteristics of the historical methodology adopted by Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Mohammed Al Qasimi by exploring the accuracy and commitment to academic citation and documentation and objectivity. It also seeks to examine the extent to which Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Mohammed Al Qasimi employed comparative critical tools to respond to doubts, in addition to studying the use of sources in building the sheikh's historical discourse and analyzing his writing style in history. The research concluded that Sheikh Sultan's historical methodology was characterized by accuracy, scientific documentation, and objectivity. As he heavily relied on original sources and historical documents and stood out in employing comparative critical tools to respond to doubts. His clear and fluent style in presenting historical information also stood out. The research concluded that Sheikh Al Qasimi's methodology represents a distinguished model for the accuracy of historical research, recommending benefiting from it in developing curricula of historical studies.

This study aimed to find out the degree of change in leadership practice among public school principals in Oman considering the model of John Cotter. It also aimed to reveal statistically significant differences between the responses of sample about these practices attributed to gender variables, job title and come up with proposed measures to activate change leadership practices in public schools in the Sultanate of Oman. To achieve the aims of the study, the descriptive method was used, and a questionnaire consisting of (38) paragraphs was prepared, including the questionnaire on eight stages of the John Cotter model of Change Leadership. The tool was applied to a sample of (456) teachers in the governorate of North Al Batinah. The study reached several results including the following: The responses of the study sample members to the degree of change leadership practice among public school principals in Oman came considering the model of John Cotter to a very high degree. There are no statistically significant differences in teachers ' estimates in the degree of change leadership practice among public school principals in the Sultanate of Oman considering the John Cotter model at the significance level (α ≤ 0.05) attributed to gender variables and job title. The study came up with a set of suggestions that will contribute to activating the change leadership practitioner in public schools in the Sultanate of Oman

The issue of parental separation is one of the life experiences that has a profound impact on children, as it may greatly affect their psychological and emotional health. In this context, the research came to study how effective communication between parents and children mitigates the negative effects that result from separation. The research aims to reveal the role of effective communication in enhancing children's emotional adaptation and providing effective strategies that support their well-being. Initially, the research sought to analyze the relationship between the quality of communication between parents and their children after separation. The research methodology included the use of qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data, as questionnaires were distributed to a group of families who had experienced separation, and personal interviews were conducted with specialists in psychology and family psychology. Practical cases were also studied to identify effective communication strategies and their applications. The research results showed that children who experienced effective and sustained communication with both parents after separation were less likely to have psychological problems such as anxiety and depression. This type of communication has contributed to reducing levels of stress and conflict between parents, which has a positive impact on the children. In addition, the results showed that children who received emotional support and active listening from parents were better able to adapt to changes resulting from separation. The research found that there are several strategies that contribute to improving communication between parents. The most prominent of these strategies is maintaining a high level of honesty and transparency in communicating with children about life changes. It also requires a focus on actively listening to children's feelings and needs without prejudice. It is also important to provide consistent and reliable support for children, and to maintain daily routines as much as possible. In conclusion, the research highlights the importance of effective communication as a vital tool in reducing the negative effects of parental separation on children. It shows that improving the quality of communication between parents can play a major role in enhancing children's well-being and facilitating their ability to adapt to life changes. Based on these findings, the study recommends the need to adopt effective communication strategies as part of family support plans, and to conduct further studies to examine the effects of effective communication on other aspects of children's lives after separation.

The Wadi Al-Dhalimi basin is one of the seasonal valleys that flow directly into Lake Razzaza, as it slopes from the west towards the east towards its mouth. The basin is formed from an area that reaches an altitude of 214 meters above sea level, with a total length of 41.6 km. The basin itself consists of secondary basins, which are the western basin and the southern basin. A group of natural factors share in the variation of the morphometric and hydrological characteristics of the basin, including geological formations, the oldest of which dates back to the formations of the Tertiary geological period and the most recent of which are deposits of the Quaternary period. As for the climate, the semi-arid climate prevails, characterized by fluctuating rainfall. The study relied on the Snyder Model to estimate the volume of floods and analyze their risks based on the morphometric and hydrological characteristics of the basin.

The paper dealt with the smart experience of the United Arab Emirates for the distance education system, after the Corona pandemic, challenges and solutions. The paper aimed to identify the great practical experience of distance education, which concerns all segments of society, and to identify the most important challenges and solutions in the UAE. The paper relied on the analytical descriptive approach, as well as on studies and research published in the field of e-learning. Some of the results that had been reached is the teacher’s lack of actual preparation for this sudden transitional phase, as a large percentage of teachers did not have the necessary tools that would enable them to continue with distance education, and some of them did not have sufficient experience in the technical aspects that manage the educational process, Teachers and parents are not ready for the principle of distance learning, the inability of learners in vocational and technical education to learn in virtual classes in some disciplines that require practical applications, workshops and training, Greater difficulties and pressures on parents, which requires more effort from them in the follow-up process. The solutions adopted by the UAE to face these challenges are among the most important: His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President of the State, encouraged his call to his students, saying: “Do not stop learning; Science is what makes life, and whoever stops learning stops living.” The ministry worked on the actual training of teachers and students, providing laptops for all teachers and students, the rapid initiatives launched by government agencies and telecommunications companies in the UAE helped to continue work and education remotely, thanks to modern communication systems. Finally, the researcher recommends the necessity of competitive educational services at the local and global levels, keeping pace with technological and technical changes. Addition developing the capabilities of parents in teaching and following up on the evaluation of their children.

The current study focused on the characteristics of children with disabilities in the United Arab Emirates community. In order to achieve the goals of the study, the descriptive analytical approach based on the study and analysis of all variables related to the problem in terms of the factors and reasons specified for it were used. Where a questionnaire consisting of two parts was applied: a section on family abuse of various forms (scenes violence, psychological abuse, physical abuse, abuse and neglect), and a section for awareness of the aid lines in the Emirates community. The questionnaire was used as a tool for study through a random sample that included 132 individuals, focusing on children with special needs, parents, home care providers and service provision centers for people with special needs. From the various centers of service provision in the UAE, including the Sharjah Humanitarian City, Al Ain Center for the Care and Rehabilitation of Disabled, the Zayed Upper Foundation for People of Determination, Al -Firdous Center for Rehabilitation of People with disabilities in Ajman. The results of the study found that the decrease in all types of abuse to which people with disabilities are exposed and the study found that the highest percentage of people with disabilities who were included in this study were those who have autism by 37.1%, then intellectual disability and then visual, and most of the disabilities were since birth and the results of the study showed that children have awareness of helplines if they need them.

This study aimed to identify theft crimes in the hotspot regions in the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah. A statistical approach was used. The sample of the study consisted of (504) workers in the Ministry of Interior in the United Arab Emirates who work as police officers. The sample was purposive and non-probability one. The results of the study showed that the area where theft crimes affect the security of the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah came with an arithmetic mean of (2.05) with a low degree. The reasons for spreading the theft crimes in the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah came with an arithmetic average of (2.29) with a low degree. The field of factors that lead to theft crimes came with an arithmetic average of (2.23) with a low degree. The study recommends promoting the security presence, increasing the number of policemen and security patrols in the hotspot regions, and enhancing security control and surveillance to detect potential crimes and provide the necessary support to society.

The current study aimed to identify the extent to which drug prevention campaigns offered to university youth in the Emirate of Sharjah follow international standards for drug prevention, and to identify this evaluation according to the variables (gender, specialization) and how these campaigns can be developed. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was prepared based on the theory of control. Social survey, which was applied to a stratified random sample consisting of University of Sharjah students, using the sample social survey approach. The results indicated that the campaigns presented to university youth follow international standards for drug prevention when they are designed, and there is a difference between males and females in their evaluation of the campaigns, and there is no difference regarding specialization. The study recommended intensifying the campaigns and diversifying their methods because of their effectiveness in reducing the dangers of drugs.

The study aims to identify the challenges facing the families of Emirati martyrs and the mechanisms to reduce them, which is represented by clarifying the challenges facing the wife and children and presenting the social challenges facing the family as a whole and the most important humanitarian needs of the families of the martyrs and their children. The study revealed many challenges facing the families of martyrs, including challenges resulting from different roles, challenges of withdrawal and social isolation, social and psychological challenges. Among the findings of the study is that the most important humanitarian needs that must be available to the families of martyrs are the provision of various supportive services, such as: legal consultations, psychological services, and ensuring that the concerned authorities fully fulfill their role in helping these families. One of the most important recommendations of the study is the need to provide specific mechanisms to reduce these challenges.

Women's representation in parliament happens to be one of the most vital forms of their political participation. Nevertheless, the level of progress being achieved in this arena is still slow regionally and internationally. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a young Arab state that was established in 1971, yet it went from zero representation of women in the parliament to equal representation in less than five decades. This study addresses the reality of Emirati women’s political participation in the Federal National Council (FNC), as voters, candidates, and members. Using descriptive analysis, it highlights the different stages the FNC went through and the female presence in each stage. The study concluded that Emirati leadership adopted a gradual approach in involving Emirati women in parliamentary life. By having the opportunity and the competence, Emirati women were able to take on the initiative and became FNC members for the first time in 2007. In 2015, a female was voted in as a chaired of the FNC. And since 2019, Emirati women have been equally represented in the FNC, due to a quota system implemented by the government.