Journal of The College of Education

The aim of this research is to find out The effect of using the learning cycle model on achieving and developing creative thinking Among middle school students in the Holy Quran and Islamic education The research sample consisted of (64) first-year intermediate students Then they were randomly distributed into two groups. The first experimental group includes (31) students and was taught using the learning cycle model. The second control group included (33) students who studied using the traditional method The researcher prepared two tests, one of which was an achievement test and the other a creative thinking test The research results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the study members due to the method used in achievement and creative thinking. And in favor of students who studied using the learning cycle compared to students who studied in the traditional method.

Islam has paid attention to the lofty morals that a Muslim must possess, and has paid special attention to them .He gave it a special status, and verses of the Noble Qur’an came calling for it. God Almighty described our Prophet Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) as the possessor of great creation. The Almighty said: “And indeed, you are of great creation” (Al-Qalam, (4). The Messenger of God mentioned God said that one of the goals of his mission was to perfect good morals. The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: I was sent to perfect good morals. (Al-Majlisi, 382/68) Man\'s adherence to sublime Islamic morals leads him to perfection, which is the goal of human creation, and the path that leads to perfection is through worship and morals, for they go together and are not separated. Because all the acts of worship that a Muslim performs, whether they are prayer, zakat, Hajj, fasting, or enjoining good and forbidding evil, all provide a person with immunity against vices.Send feedback Side panels History Saved.

Undoubtedly, Allah Almighty sent prophets to guide people as they are the absolute means to convey the Creator\'s instructions to the creatures. Both rational and transmitted evidence converge on the mission of the prophets, which is a divine mercy. Since the prophets inform about the unseen, they must have special laws through which they convince people that they are messengers of Allah. These laws are manifested in breaching the natural norms and the habits people are accustomed to in their daily lives, known as miracles. A miracle is an extraordinary event associated with challenge and lack of opposition, thus serving as the true evidence of the prophets\' truthfulness. It cannot be replicated by anyone since it originates from Allah Almighty. Therefore, the primary purpose of miracles is to confirm the truthfulness of the prophets\' call. If it weren\'t for these extraordinary events, the prophets wouldn\'t have been able to convince people of their prophethood. Since people\'s belief in them paves the way for conveying the commands of Allah to them, Allah equipped His prophets with miracles tailored to each prophet\'s time to ensure the comprehensibility and clarity of the miracle, thereby providing evidence against all peoples. In the following pages, we will attempt to shed light on the significance of miracles in authenticating the prophets.

The poetic evidence is considered one of the subjects that received importance in putting rules of grammar and stabilize these rules. Layla Al_ Akhyalia is one of the poets of the Islamic and Omayyad Era. Her poetry was marked by eloquency and was praised by the greatest grammarians and linguists like Al_ Asmaee\' who ranked her in position better than Al khansaa\'. Al _ M ubarid also acknowledged her supremecy over the greatest poets. The study aims to collect her verses from main books of grammar and linguistics especially those verses which were used by grammarians on grammatical aspects. Her poetry was used by pioneers of grammarians and linguistics like Sibawayh, Abn -Alwaraq, Abn _ Malik , Abin - Aqeel, AlSheik Al Azhari and many others. However, citing from her poetry is little comparing with her linguistic and literary position. The study collects ten grammatical and linguistics evidence were found in the books of ancients. Some of them were cited by more than grammarians while others were cited by only one. Some of these evidence were cited in more than one case and some were found alone in their section that grammarians didn\'t cite and satisfied with them.

One of the most important trading competencies in any language is the ability to preserve people\'s dignity and the positive social value they claim effectively for themselves. However, this social value can sometimes be at risk for various reasons, including rejection of their request or invitation, or due to their beliefs. There are various strategies used for refusal, some direct and others indirect. This study attempted to uncover refusal strategies in the book \"One Thousand and One Nights\". The results of this descriptive-analytical study, based on Beebe\'s theory (1990), indicate that among the various refusal strategies, the \"stating the reason for refusal\" strategy occupies the first position, followed by the strategies of \"stating philosophy\" and \"stating principle,\" which indicate the extent of people\'s concern with social and religious customs.
Regarding the extent of using refusal strategies depending on the speaker\'s status, it should be noted that those in a higher status varied in employing strategies, while it was different for those in a lower status. Among the most common strategies across different groups are \"stating the reason\" and \"stating philosophy\" strategies.

Nature is a great source of inspiration for the poet; There is harmony and internal harmony between its elements, which makes it one of the most impressive and inspiring sources in the universe. Therefore, since its inception, poetry was linked to nature, and the poems carried many elements that could be symbols of different ideas and feelings: rain, rivers, mountains, and flowers, all of which could be symbols of life or death, love, sadness, or joy. The topic of nature is an essential part of poetry, with its impact on the senses and arousing a sense of beauty. This topic can contribute greatly to enriching the poem and making it carry deep and aesthetic messages.
This study attempts to examine the poetry of nature in the poetry collection of the poet Raad Zamel (Save Our Fishes from Drowning), as nature in the collection constituted one of the most important components of the identity of the poetic text. The poet relied on nature in using images and symbols, conveying ideas and feelings, and conveying messages.

General Directorate of Education in Al-QadisiyahIntroduction: The openness of the poetic text and its intersection with literary genres gave the poetic texts an expressive aesthetic, with a dramatic language that expresses the reality that the poet lives. Abdel Zahra Zaki presented his collection (In This Black Garden) with a dramatic structure, using narrative mechanisms, taking advantage of the interplay between genres, to draw a narrative picture that mimics the characters. Events in a narrative and creative space and in an suggestive language

When we looked at Abbasid poetry, we found many examples that showed great development in protecting the Abbasid woman, empowering her, and glorifying her status, As a result, the research explained to us the high status of the Abbasids politically and socially and how this was represented in poetry, which revealed to us the secrets of the souls of kings and poets and expressed the great influence that women possessed in the court of the Abbasid caliphs, This development was not limited to the political aspect, but rather extended to the social aspect, which The status of women changed positively, She enjoyed unprecedented freedom, joined the kingdom of writers, competed with poets and excelled at them in what they used to excel at, and the development in empowerment led to enhancing women’s self-confidence. Which resulted in cultural and scientific development that gave women their rights and granted them most of their desires and wishes.

Phonological structure is one of the studies that has taken up a large part in linguistic studies, this structure is based on the study of sounds, letters and their characteristics. Through the phonetic structure, the researcher can gain knowledge of the characteristics of the whisper , loud and explosive letters .These letters have psychological linguistic connotations that show the feelings, sensations, and emotions of each poet, Especially the subject of the elegies is one of the poetic purposes that is closely related to the feelings of the elegy towards the elegy, Abd al-Razzaq Abd al-Wahid, who is one of the poets of The Modern Era, display of elegy occupied a large part of his poetry. In his elegies, he praised religious, literary, and political characters. The researcher took it upon himself to select the poetic texts that formed an important part in the poetry of Abd al-Razzaq Abd al-Wahid. The choice fell on religious, literary elegies and on the major characters in his poetry.

The importance of this study lies in tracking the contemporary Arabic poem, especially the Iraqi ones, which were distinguished by their ability to present texts; as a primary tributary and supporter for broadcasting the poet’s ideas, which describ the realistic poetic significance in a symbolic, indicative way suggest different references, that stemm from firm convictions in an ideology specific to Al-Samawi, within realistic visions and perceptions that are consistent with the developmental performance in his poetic poems. The effect of this was evident through two indicators: declarative and suggestive. In this research, we worked to decode his declarative and suggestive poem, showing what the poet aspires to in terms of the emotional ranges that surround him as he writes his poetic experience and what it contains. We observed two types of symbolic meaning through which the creative expressive tools and the semantic codes that were revealed, and have semantic codel which require to delving into their investigations to discover the suggestive worlds behind them

Globalization and liberalism are among the most important crucial issues in the modern era, given the crisis in the Middle East, especially Iraq, as it suffers from political deterioration. The writer Ali Hassan Al-Fawaz paid great attention to the issue of globalization and liberalism, and given the importance of his vision and the lack of study of his opinions, we found it necessary to study them through the descriptive and analytical approach. The research concluded that Ali Hassan Al-Fawaz dealt with the pattern of discourse production through the concepts of globalization with this human charge that is not absent from the memory of the poems loaded with the scent of violence, heartbreak, and bleeding in manifestations that cannot be silenced despite the jaws of absence and the inevitability of pain, and a duality that clings to the human being, a humane and exceptional atmosphere for the body of war and the transcendent. The body, filled with blood-soaked worlds in the conscience of both the poet and the poem, represents the invigoration of the lungs of freedom with the sight of a rain of serenity or a painful breath. In the presence of pain, he extends his hand passionately to touch the nerve of innocence illuminated by the language of the soul, heart, things, and place. Ali Hassan Al-Fawaz also believes that awareness can only be apparent in behavior, or its interpretation, or even a speech that has its own texts, its announcement, and its marketing mechanisms, and the production of its meanings, purposes, and interpretation. Awareness outside of this description is floating in a nebula and lost at the edge of the forest, or being content with the role of an idiot spectator standing at the borders of negative reading, that reading that lies outside things and existence and delighting in their nakedness. This reading does not help anyone in revealing because it stops at what is apparent, has no assumption, does not suggest a transgression, and does not contribute to the additional generation of meaning. It is a form of concealment and loss of confrontation or absence of verification in it, and if confrontation occurs, it is false.

This study highlights the social concepts of the ‘night’ of the residents of Mesopotamia, who realized the nature of the universe, constellations, planets, stars, and the sun and the moon and their effect on the daily life. Moreover, they recognized the requirements of the day and the aspects of the night that impacted their life in one way or another. Through the cuneiform regarding day and night, we found that people had their special view concerning ‘night’ in terms of religious and secular dimensions. They had benefited from the appearance of stars and the moon and had related many events – social, religious, or military – to these phenomena. I chose to do this study in relation to ‘night’ due to its importance in the thought and beliefs of people in Mesopotamia.
Since the cuneiform texts translated into other foreign languages are the most important resources in this regard, I depended on them in the current study. I divided the research into two parts. In the first part I presented the ‘night’ in language and terminology and the words related to it. The second part of the study includes the information related to the ‘night’ and its connection to social life. The second part is further divided into several sub-sections based on the detail of each theme.
The main sources used in the current study are the following:
A book by several authors entitled (The Assyrian Dictionary) that includes twenty-one parts presenting thousands of cuneiform texts translated into English. The cuneiform texts explain important information about the civilization of Mesopotamia.
Lambert W.G books that include several foreign sources from which I got the information for this study.
Ancient Iraqi legislations by Fawzi Rasheed who is specialized in Ancient Iraqi history.

The Ash\\'ari school of thought was founded and it is considered one of the Islamic theological schools of thought whose intellectual products are followed by most of the Sunnis and the community. The founder of the Ash\\'ari school of thought is Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ash\\'ari. He spent most of his life in the school of isolation, but at the end of his life he left this school of thought and founded a new school named after him, and the Ash\\'aris are the owners of a new idea or an innovative school of thought. In fact, it is a new name for the doctrine of the Sunnis and the community. The real new thing in this doctrine is that it used the evidence of its Mu’tazila opponents to refute their opinions and arguments. This means that Al-Ash’ari left the Mu’tazila doctrine for political reasons, so ideas changed with the change in authority.

During which prominent Shia scholars and jurists such as Sheikh Mufid, Sheikh Sadouq and Seyyed Murtadha engaged in teaching and education. This article investigates the relationship between one of the greatest Shia scholars and jurists, Seyyed Murtadha and the Buyid rulers. This study reveals that Seyyed Murtadha, as a prominent Shia scholar, sought to enhance Shia jurisprudence and theology through discussions, debates, the publication of numerous books and the training of students. On the other hand, given the circumstances of the time, he also interacted and engaged with the Shia-leaning rulers. Additionally, the confrontation with other religions was among his ideas. The purpose of this article is to examine these relationships with the Buyid statesmen and their implications for both sides. As the Buyid government was considered a Shia government, it needed the interaction and cooperation of contemporary Shia scholars to establish and legitimise its authority. Conversely, given the intellectual climate of the time, Shia scholars also required open political space and governmental support. Therefore, the cooperation and relations between the two parties were beneficial for both. The issue at hand is whether the late Seyyed Murtadha's relationship with the Buyid rulers was confined to political matters or included intellectual, social, scientific, religious and cultural aspects as well. This research adopts a historical-analytical approach based on Information gathering and office software. According to the findings of this research, many Buyid rulers interacted with Seyyed Murtadha (may Allah be pleased with him) in various fields and the establishment of relations between the two sides had repercussions and consequences for both.

This research aims to determine the spatial variation of the male workforce reality in Salah al-Din Governorate in general and its administrative units in particular, through an analytical and objective look at the nature of its numerical, proportional, and environmental distribution for the year 2023, according to its spatial impact level on the size and direction of economic activity, production volume, and invested energy of the male workforce, economically active and actively participating in the labor market to meet the requirements of the two age groups, minors (0-14) years old, and seniors (65) years and older. The ultimate goal is to increase the economic growth rates of the mentioned forces and achieve the economic development goals in the governorate, despite the problems and obstacles facing the trajectory of male forces therein, as mentioned in the research. In light of the resulting outcomes, the research proposals are coherent in content and aimed at enhancing the developmental aspect of the male workforce in the governorate, developing its operational capabilities and functional efficiency level, as well as addressing its current and future obstacles and determinants of its work.

The research aimed to identify the climatic characteristics affecting sunflower productivity in Kirkuk Governorate, and to use the AcquAcrop mathematical model with the aim of knowing the impact of climate change on sunflower crop productivity in the governorate. Among the most important results: There is a strong relationship between total rainfall in the season and yield, and according to the results of climate change analyses, sunflower productivity in the study area will be affected by climate changes. They were obtained from two scenarios and three global climate projection models for rain-fed situations, and all yield estimates projected a yield loss of between 18 and 50 percent. Among the most important proposals are: developing marketing and pricing policies that motivate farmers to grow and produce the sunflower crop, and establishing oil presses and increasing their efficiency.

The research dealt with a statistical analysis of the water consumption of the pepper crop in Karbala Governorate, based on the climate data of the Karbala station for the period (1993-2022), and a statement of the total amount of water lost by the crop due to the process of evaporation/transpiration during its growth, and a calculation using the (Monteith-Penman) equation of the Food and Agricultural Organization to calculate evaporation/ Possible transpiration and the effect of climate variables on water consumption and a variation between (42.1) and (198.4) mm, respectively, in the pepper crop growing season extending from the month of February to the month of May. The amount of rainfall that falls is small and not sufficient for irrigation. lands and meeting the water needs to irrigate the pepper crop during the months of the pepper crop growing season in the study area.
Simple correlation analysis (Pearson coefficient) showed that there is a strong and positive correlation between water consumption and climate variables (actual solar brightness, wind speed, and evaporation) There is a (weak) correlation, but relative humidity has a negative correlation.
The multiple regression analysis shows the presence of a positive relationship and an increase in the amount of water consumption of the pepper crop and the independent climate variables (actual solar brightness, wind speed, maximum temperatures, and evaporation), and the amount of water consumption decreases with a decrease in the values of these variables above, if the multiple regression coefficient is recorded at (96%)of the climate variables that affect the amount of water consumption of the pepper crop in the study area, while some other variables were not recorded and were determined
at (4%).

The Study Relied on the (SCS-CN) Method, which is one of the methods used to estimate the amount of running surface water prepared by the Soil Conservation Service by analyzing spatial data and the digital elevation model (DEM), as well as using a set of software, the most important of which are (Arc GIS, Global Mapsper, IDW, Erdas), which depends on its inputs on (Soil Hydrology) (Vegetation Density) (Amount of Rainfall). The study showed that the value of (CN), which ranged between (30 - 89) and the study Reached an estimate of the depth of runoff (Q) ranging between (0.78 - 67.77) mm, and the volume of flow (QV) which ranged between (0.06 - 5.26) m3.

The phenomenon of disability is one of the social problems that spread in societies where there are many wars, the spread of diseases, and the deterioration of the economic, health and social reality, especially in Arab societies. This phenomenon has serious repercussions and negative consequences not only for the disabled, but also for the family and society alike.
The research aims to reveal the phenomenon of disability in the city of Al-Amara during the year (2022), and to know the demographic, economic and social characteristics of the disabled population. The research was based on the field study and reached several results, the most important of which is the increase in the number of disabled individuals in the age group under nine years by (38.7%), the number of families (5-8) individuals, the decrease in the level of income by (57.3%), and the increase in The illiteracy rate is )68%(, the availability of suitable housing is )52.3%(, and their job opportunities are reduced by )32%(. The research also showed a number of reasons that contributed to the rise in the phenomenon of disability, and knowledge of the most important economic, health and social impacts on the disabled.

The study aimed to identify the quantitative demographic characteristics represented by the qualitative composition Al-Omari for residents of people of determination due to the availability of official data for them in Wasit Governorate, and to determine the amount of the increase and the change in their numbers, We relied on official data issued by the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, the Authority for the Care of People with Disabilities and Special Needs in Wasit Governorate for the years 2016, 2019 and 2023.
The study followed the descriptive analytical approach and used statistical methods in order to show the general increase and change that occurred in the gender and age composition of the population of people of determination in Wasit Governorate I reached out.
The study showed an increase in the number of males with disabilities compared to females. The study also showed a noticeable increase in the age group (15-64), the middle-aged group, over the three years.

The current research aims to determine the impact of the P.M.L strategy on the acquisition of geography subject knowledge among fifth-grade female students. To achieve this goal, the researcher formulates the following null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the (0.05) level between the average grades of the experimental group students studying physical geography according to the P.M.L strategy and the average grades of the control group students studying the same subject using the traditional method in the post-test. To achieve this, the researcher adopts the experimental approach with a post-test design, deliberately choosing Um Al-Qura Girls' Preparatory School. The research sample consisted of 64 fifth-grade literary female students, with 32 students in each group. For the experiment, Group A was randomly selected to represent the control group, while Group B represented the experimental group. Equivalence was ensured between the two research groups in variables such as intelligence, chronological age (measured in months), and previous year's geography grades. The researcher formulate 92 behavioral objectives distributed across Bloom's taxonomy levels in the cognitive domain (knowledge, comprehension, application) for the content of the first three chapters of the physical geography book. The researcher employed statistical methods (independent samples t-test) and appropriate statistical procedures in the research process. The results of the research showed that the experimental group students studying physical geography according to the P.M.L strategy outperformed the control group students studying the same subject using the traditional method in the post-test.

The research dealt with air freight at Baghdad International Airport in the year 2022 with the aim of understanding its aspects and efficiency, due to the lack of geographical studies in this field. A number of approaches were used: historical to the emergence of the air freight department and the development of the Iraqi Airways Company, descriptive to understand the air freight process at the airport, and analytical to study The impact of geographical and quantitative factors on processing digital data, based on statistical sources and data and a field study to know the stages of the air
freight process at Baghdad International Airport. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that geographical factors (natural and human) have negative and positive effects, as policy affects Wars over air cargo movement, and air cargo at Baghdad Airport faced challenges including Lack of workers, equipment, and refrigerators. The goods warehouse (incoming and outgoing) is not at the required level, in addition to the fact that the road leading to the airport and the warehouse is not well paved.

This research aims to analyze the daily thermal concentration of the highest and lowest temperature days in Iraq, In most cases, the highest daily temperatures are not recorded in one day, and the same is true for the lowest daily temperatures. There may be some cases where the highest or lowest daily temperatures occur in one day, and daily temperature records change from one day to another, and from one month to another, the daily records of the highest and lowest temperatures change over the years, and are often not similar between the studies. This difference in the highest and lowest records of daily temperatures means a difference in the influence of the factors affecting the temperatures. These rates will be analyzed based on the dates that recorded these extreme daily rates in each month of the year (highest and lowest.

The study showed that the values Geopotential height of the centers and extension of the Siberian high are increasing spatially from southern Iraq to its north due to the nature of the topographic situation, as well as the presence of a center or cell cut from the Siberian high geographically close to Iraq, which is formed on the Caspian Sea or the Anatolian Plateau to have a role in increasing its control and increasing the amounts of its voltage height, and imposes its control mostly during the cold season, so we conclude that the voltage high of the extension of the high in the three regions of Iraq (northern, central and southern) during the study period (2010-2021) recorded an average of High reached (175.8m, 163.8m and 147.3m) at the observation (00) GMT respectively, while the observation of (12) GMT recorded an average of the voltage values by (154.1 m, 142.1m and 136.5m) in the same order, As for the center of the high, it began to gradually increase and the mass of the high swelled, so its highest high was from the extension for the previously mentioned period during the two observations mentioned with pressure values of (221.3m, 181.6m), (189.9m, 165.6m) and (182.2m, 165.4m) for the three mentioned regions and according to the sequence, While the extension of the accompanying high was recorded at the level of (850) hPa for the two observations mentioned by (1555.3m, 1165.5m) and by the center of (1174.7m, 1171.2m) for the northern region and reached (1551.6 m, 1161 m) and the center of facilities (1167.3m, 1164.6m) for the central region, while the southern region recorded an extension rate of (1542.8m, 1158.8m) and a center of (1164.3m, 1161.8m) for the level referred to in the same sequence.

The issue of water and its scarcity in the world and Iraq is of great importance in the current years, because of the great importance of water in life and its various fields. The research aims to study the reality of water resources in the Middle Euphrates region, which depends on three main sources: precipitation, surface water represented by the Euphrates River and its branches, as well as groundwater. The study area suffers from a clear scarcity of water as a result of several reasons, including climate change, global warming, political tensions with Turkey, its non-compliance with international laws and treaties concluded with Iraq, the failure of agricultural reform policies and programs, and the excessive increase in population, which has greatly affected the agricultural reality after the decline The levels of the Euphrates River, on which agriculture mainly depends, posed a great threat to various agricultural crops.

The field study seeks to know the reality of the spatial distribution of entertainment services in the city of Essaouira and to find out the reasons for its variation between residential neighborhoods in accordance with the approved local planning standards. The field study included a questionnaire form, field visits and personal interviews with departments related to the study of the city, a map of the study area and a number of tables and graphs were drawn and the distribution of recreational services using the criteria of degree of satisfaction and ease of access and using the Pearson correlation coefficient through the study, the poor distribution of recreational services in residential neighborhoods and variation in their numbers from one place to another was revealed. The study concluded that the city suffers from a shortage in the number of recreational services and their poor distribution where they are concentrated in one place, and it is less or non-existent in another part of the city’s neighborhoods, failure to take into account the planning standards in its distribution with the needs of the population, which is constantly increasing.
It is represented by residents of Essaouira who go to various types of recreational services, including public gardens, parks, playgrounds for children and youth, sports stadiums, clubs, cinemas, theatres, museums and youth centres. Linked to this list are some services such as hotels, cafes and restaurants, which they resort to in search of quiet and enjoyable places away from the noisy city life. It also gives cities an aesthetic appearance that is comfortable for the soul and brings joy and happiness to them.

The current research aims to find out:.
1. Scientific Attitudes of Third Stage Students / College of Education for non-specialization departments.
2. The significance of the differences in the attitudes of the third stage students / College of Education for non-specialization departments according to the gender variable (males, females), as well as the definition of the basic terms mentioned in the research and the most prominent previous studies related to the topic of the research as well as the different theoretical aspects of the research topic to achieve the goal Research The researcher chose the research community consisting of all third-year students of non-specialty departments in the College of Education, and the number of sample members reached (200) students who were randomly distributed to scientific departments, The researcher prepared the Scientific Attitudes Scale, which consists of (32) items that prove its validity and reliability, and when analyzing the results statistically using the t-test, it was found that there are positive trends for students towards the subject of teaching methods and that the students’ attitudes on the Attitude Scale are more positive than the male students, as well as The researcher formulates many recommendations that can be adopted by specialists and researchers in this field, as well as suggesting a set of titles that represent special projects and studies for this field in the future.

Given that childhood is one of the most formative life stages for the development of the human personality, it is critical to understand the issues kindergarten-aged children face in order to safeguard them from a variety of abuses, including emotional abuse.
One of the biggest issues impeding the monitoring of emotional abuse situations to which the kid is exposed—whether deliberate or not—is the difficulty of connecting with the child at this stage. As such, it is imperative to use the family and school in addition to depending on other instruments to keep an eye on these cases. This is because it is challenging to communicate with the youngster at this time. He finds it challenging to communicate his urgent requirements and to articulate himself and his thoughts.
In this study, we made an effort to distinguish between emotional, sexual, and physical abuse of children. In this study, we are concerned about emotional abuse because the student experiences insults from peers and professors who don't care about how he feels. The study also observed the absence of conversation with the youngster, the inability to keep up a minimal standard of communication, and the lack of effort to comprehend him. Moreover, placing him in the accusatory position when he has the capacity to defend himself and is oblivious to the necessity for him to play and explore the world in his typical, innocent manner.
The goal of the research has been to identify the factors and causes of emotional abuse that children experience in kindergarten and to try to discover remedies by outlining the responsibilities of the family and the school. In order to address the needs of the kindergarten-aged kid, the research has attempted to offer guidance to both the family and the school. Kindergarten, as it is among the most delicate phases that a youngster experiences.

Sada Babel newspaper was considered one of the important civil newspapers during the Ottoman era, because it continued to be published until November 1914 on a regular basis, even if it witnessed interruptions, it continued to be published, and had it not been for the denial of its owner, it would have remained in publication until the end of the Ottoman era. Perhaps what gives it its importance is the publication of (260) A number and an average number each week, and the characteristic of continuity pushed us to Select the search tagged
(Trends and news of the cholera epidemic in 1910 in Iraq A historical escriptive study of the newspaper Sada Babel as an example), to follow the newspaper’s follow-up of the cholera epidemic that occurred on the twenty-third of September 1910, to learn about the news and trends of the newspaper regarding the epidemic, as well as its follow-up of the health reality, and its role in spreading health awareness, It published health reports on a weekly basis, broadcasting health awareness and government procedures, and they were collected to determine the number of infections that occurred in the country, which amounted to (620) infections and (256) deaths, or a rate of (41,015%), which is a large number.
It is noteworthy that the researcher highlighted the statistics on infection and death and prepared a table showing the infections and deaths, in addition to the fact that the newspaper shed light on the most important health and preventive measures regarding the epidemic.

The question of unity and multiplicity is a profound philosophical inquiry that has captivated the minds of scholars over the centuries. The emergence of existence and the transition from unity to multiplicity have been central themes in philosophical discourse and scholarly articles. This exploration sought to elucidate the intricate connection between unity and multiplicity, examining whether unity serves as the genesis of existence. How does multiplicity emerge from this singular entity? Was there a direct transition from unity to multiplicity, or were there intermediary processes at play in the manifestation of multiple forms of existence? Various interpretations have yielded diverse responses to these fundamental questions. This study endeavors to elucidate the nuances of this inquiry, which has been extensively deliberated at advanced levels of philosophical discourse. It aims to expound on the optimal approach to explicate the inception of the universe from the unified source and how unity can accommodate multiplicity through intermediaries without direct assimilation. These foundational concepts will underpin this investigation, focusing on a prominent contemporary philosopher who has probed the nature of the interplay between unity and diversity .

Slogans serve multifaceted purposes. They elucidate intricate concepts, articulate group philosophies and objectives, foster identification, spark violent conflicts, and anticipate future expectations. This study delves into the examination of the slogans articulated by Imam Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) or his adherents during Ashura revolution in response to the deviations in Yazid\'s rule. The primary objective is to unravel the meanings embedded in the visual signs, encompassing both denotation and connotation, inherent in these slogans. Employing Barthes\'s (1968) semiotic theory, the researchers scrutinize six selected images, each featuring impactful slogans sourced from various websites. The analysis reveals that these images encompass a fusion of verbal and non-verbal signs. Furthermore, the study finds that slogans not only have denotative meanings, but are also rich in various connotations. The inclusion of colour in conjunction with the slogans in the images is a deliberate strategy to capture the reader\'s attention and evoke psychological responses.

The problem of the study lies in the lack of modern strategies applied for teaching literature in general and English novels in particular in most Iraqi English Departments. The research aimed at designing a treasure hunt for teaching the literary elements of James Joyce’s novel The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. In the English language department / College of Arts /University of Baghdad, fourth-grade students are introduced to twentieth-century novels during novel courses and James Joyce’s novel is taught as an example. The researchers, designed and applied Joyce’s treasure hunt to learn this rather challenging novel. The treasure hunt strategy was applied to fourth-grade students from the College of Arts after a gradual use of unit–by–unit treasure hunt strategy, blended classroom, and watching videos of case studies, then finally applying a comprehensive novel treasure hunt held outdoors. The researchers concluded that the students not only enjoyed learning the novel and understood the teaching process, but applied what they had learned in studying the second novel that followed. The researchers recommended using the treasure hunt strategy in teaching the literary elements of James Joyce’s novel as well as using the treasure hunt strategy to break the monotony and equip students with strategies that will help them in their careers as future teachers.