Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

This study takes place during the season of growing 2021 in Grdarasha filed, collage of Agricultural Engineering Science, Salahaddin University, Kurdistan Region / Iraq. It consist of three different experiments to investigate the influence of foliar application of boron, seaweed extract and yeast with three concentrations of boron ( 0, B1=10 and B2=20 mg.L-1), three concentrations of seaweed (0, S1=2 and S2=4 ml.L-1) and three concentrations of yeast ( 0, Y1=3 and Y2=6 g.L-1), on some vegetative and fruit growth characteristics of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) plants Robygum cv., spraying was done every 15 days and repeated 3 times beginning at 1 April. A factorial experiment with three replicates was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using three plants for each experimental unit. The obtained results indicated that the vegetative (leaf area, chlorophyll content, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight) and fruit (fruit set, fruit diameter, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight and T.S.S) characteristics were increased significantly by increasing the concentration of the fertilizers as compared with control for each experiments, at level (20 mg.L-1) of boron, (4 ml.L-1) of seaweed extract and yeast at (6 g.L-1), while acidity for the three experiments was decreased at the level(6 g.L-1) and the highest value of acidity was recorded at control treatments.

This study was conducted in Al-Nasr District / Dhi Qar Governorate during the spring season 2022 on Silt Clay Loam soil to study the alternation of irrigation water salinity in two double pipes for each experimental unit and the drainage of drips under the drip irrigation system in the study of some physical properties of soil and corn plant growth yellow (Zea mays L.) and two types of irrigation water were used, namely, high salinity water (WH) with salinity ranging between 5.70 - 6.20 dS.m-1. And low salinity water (WL) with salinity ranging between 1.80-2.10 dS.m-1, organized in four dual shifts in a spatial and temporal succession according to the quality of the irrigation water, that is, in each experimental unit two adjacent field tubes, as the dots fixed on the first field tube are given 25 % of the evaporation value is high salinity water. As for the second pipe adjacent to it, it gives 75% of the low salinity water of the evaporation value. This is done in the first irrigation. In the second irrigation, the irrigation system is reversed, meaning that the first pipe discharges water 75% of low salinity water, and the second pipe is 25 % of high salinity water from the value of evaporation. In the third irrigation, the method of the first irrigation is applied, and in the fourth irrigation, the method of the second irrigation is applied, and so on. For the first saline shift (WL75% + WH25%) and it is applied to the other salt shifts as explained previously (WH50% + WL50%), (WH75% + WL25%) and (WL50% + WL50%), and three forms were used: (4) , 10, 16) liters per hour-1. An irrigation level of 100% EP was used and irrigation is done when the soil loses 25% of its moisture content at field capacity. A randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replications was used. The results of the study showed that soil construction improves by using low salinity water and medium drainage, as well as rotation (WL75% + WH25%), which gave positive results in soil construction and plant growth with a rationalization rate of 25% in low salinity irrigation water. While the high salinity shift intertwined with the discharge 16 liters hour-1 recorded the highest values in the moisture content amounting to 0.324, the low salinity shift gave 0.285 intertwined with the discharge 16 liters hour-1.

The study aimed to preserve edible mushrooms by canning and drying methods , and studying the efficiency of solutions used in both methods to increase the storage life of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii which newly cultivated in Iraqi environment , by using different solutions, contained from 2% salt (brine solution) with different concentrations of 0.3 and 0.5% citric acid, 0.1 and 0.2% ascorbic acid, and Himalayan salt at 1 and 2%, compared with fruiting bodies kept in boiling water only (control treatment),for drying preservation methods was done by spraying the fruit bodies with solutions of citric acid 1% and ascorbic acid 0.5%, spraying with a solution of 1% citric acid , control treatment (without treatment) .after 30 days, microbial and chemical tests were done, in addition sensory evaluation of samples from both methods for all treatments. The resultsof microbial test for canning samples showed that they were free from contamination.after rehydration the drying sample of control and 1% citric acid by air drying had recorded highest ratings scorefor taste and color.While control in oven-dried mushrooms showed the highest percentage of dry matter amounted to 36.32% and 28.38%,and the highest percentage of protein had recorded(21.6, 20.34%) and (18. 01, 17.98% )in air and electric oven dryingfor Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii respectively,While Himalayan salt solution (HM1) 1% achieved the highest percentage of protein(15.64%) in canning. Highest ash percentages was found in mixture treatment (CAA)dried by air and electric oven which recorded 8.91 and 8.70% for Pleurotus ostreatus and 8.27, 8.34% for Pleurotus eryngii, while (HM2) solution recorded 13.29%.

A factorial experiment was conducted with a one-time split-plot design to study the effect of two local okra cultivars Khenissiere and Al-Hussainawba and spraying Moringa leaves extract at a concentration of 0, 15 and 30 g. L-1 and aspirin 0, 75, and 150 mg L-1 and their interactions on the growth of okra. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance, and the averages were compared according to the Least Significant Differences (L.S.D) test at the probability level of 0.05. The most important results can be summarized as follows: Khenissiere cultivar was significantly excelled in some flowering and chemical indicators, including the number of total flowers (69.85), phosphorus (0.290), potassium (2.054), and protein in leaves (21.91) on the cultivar Al-Hussainawiya. The plants sprayed with Moringa leaf extract at a concentration of 30 g.L-1 significantly excelled in flowering indicators and some chemical traits, the percentage of sets 71.02 and the number of flowers 68.78 included the percentage of nitrogen 4.078, phosphorus 0.329 , potassium 2.019, and protein in leaves 25.24.The interaction between the two experimental factors had a significant effect on all the traits under study. The plants sprayed with aspirin at a concentration of 150 mg. L-1 was significantly excelled in flowering indicators and some chemical traits, including the percentage of nodes (74.14).and the number of flowers (75.50), the percentage of nitrogen (3.482), phosphorus (0.297), potassium (1.967), and protein in the leaves (21.76). The interaction between the experimental factors had a significant effect on all the traits under study.

The moldboard plow is represented one of the most important implements used for the primary tillage in Iraq, and the moldboard is considered one of the important plow parts which works to slip the cut soil slice, break it up and turn it always towards the right side. For this reason, factorial experiment under randomized complete block design with three replication was conducted in field in collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences – University of Baghdad in 2022, for aim of the study the effect of two types of moldboard slatted (which design and manufactured by researchers) and general purpose in deflections of plowing lines, estimate powers, energy requirements and fuel consumption under two depths of tillage 15 and 25 cm and two speeds of tractor 4.146 and 7.224 km.hr-1. Depth of tillage 25 cm recorded least(best) vertical 2.859 % and lateral deflections 1.999%. Depth of tillage 15 cm got least power requirement 34.876 kw, energy requirement 79.967 kw. hr.ha-1 and fuel consumption 11.028 L.hr-1. Speed of tractor 4.146 km.hr-1 got least vertical 3.003 %, lateral deflection 1.543%, power requirement 31.078 kw and fuel consumption 9.827 L.hr-1. Slatted moldboard got least lateral deflection 2.112%, power requirement 38.658 kw, energy requirement 92.563 kw.hr.ha-1 and fuel consumption 12.220 L.hr-1.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the volatile oil extract of thyme on the life of Tragodermans granarium (Coleoptera: Dermastidae), The essential oil had been extracted by steam distillation in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus from leaves of Thymus vulgaris camaldulensis and their chemical composition characterized by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) .different concentrations of the volatile oil of thyme plant(10,000,5000,2500 ppm) were used to treat eggs, third larval stage and adults, in addition to test the concentrations in germination of wheat seeds. Results showed increase in the percentage of inhibition insect eggs, reached 93.3% at a concentration of 10000ppm, while the lowest percentage of inhibition was 80.0% at a concentration of 2500 ppm. As for larval mortality, the highest rate of larvae mortality was 87.7% at a concentration of 10000 ppm, while the lowest rate of mortality was 49.9% at a concentration of 2500 ppm. The results also showed the effect of the treatment of extract concentrations in relation to germination percentage , as the results showed significant differences, as the germination percentage reached (80.0,70.0,86.3)% in concentrations (10,000,5000,2500 ppm), respectively, compared to the control treatment, which reached to 86.6%. conclude that Thymus vulgaris oil used in the present work enhances the toxicity against the target pest and can be used as an alternative pesticide to the chemical pesticide and thus it constitutes an environmentally friendly and economically effective formulation for the management of stored grain without any toxic effect on plants as well as on farmers .

This experiment was conducted in the fields of the Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University for the academic year 2022-2021 to find out the effect of the biofertilizer Fulzyme Plus (with two levels), 2 kg. ha-1, 4 kg. ha-1) compared with the control treatment and the addition of seaweed extract Algae Stim )) at two levels (8 kg.ha-1, 16 kg.ha-1) compared with the control treatment in the vegetative growth trait and yield of kale plant, the study was applied as a factorial experiment according to the split-plot system within the RCBD design with three replicates. Biofertilizer was placed in the main plot and the main plot and seaweed extract in the subplot. The results were analyzed and the averages were compared according to the least significant difference test (LSD) within the probability level of 0.05, and the following results were obtained: -Biofertilizer exceeds 4 kg. ha-1 significantly in leaf area, which reached 26,969 cm2. Plant-1, the percentage of chlorophyll is 52.10 SPAD, and the yield of the plant is 364.4 g. Plant-1, and the total yield is 12.15 tons. ha-1, compared to the control treatment, which gave lower average for these traits. Fertilization exceeds 16 kg. ha-1 of seaweed extract in the number of leaves, which gave the highest number of leaves reached 21,00 leaves. Plant-1, leaf area 28710 cm2. plant-1, The percentage of chlorophyll is 53.43 SPAD, and the yield of one plant is 364.4 g. Plant-1, and the total yield is 12.20 tons. ha-1. Compared to the control treatment, which gave a lower average for these traits. All the bi-interactions of the two additive study factors had a significant effect on the vegetative traits and the yield, where it was noted that the treatment of the binary interaction B2F2 excelled and achieved the highest yield of 14.23 tons. ha-1.

The experiment was conducted in one of the agricultural fields in the Al-Muqdadiya district of Diyala province in the season 2021-2022 to study the effect of soil mulching with transparent and black plastic as well as the control treatment without mulching and spraying with amino acids at two concentrations: 1 ml L-1 two sprays and four sprays and 2 ml L- 1 two and four sprays in addition to the control treatment and its effect on the quantitative and qualitative traits of White Snow F1 hybrid cauliflower. The results showed the excelled of the treatments of covering the soil with black plastic in the leaves content of N, P, K, weight of the curd, the total yield, the percentage of protein in the curd, the percentage of sulfur in the curd, as it gave 2.45 % ، 0.29 % ، 2.52%, 2.03 kg plant-1, 47.18 tons ha-1, 17.12%, 0.28% cm respectively. The results also showed a significantly excelled of spraying with a concentration of 2 m L-1 in two sprays in the leaves content of N, P, K, the weight of the curd, the percentage of protein in the curd, the percentage of protein in the curd, as it gave 2.51 % ، 0.29 % ، 2.61%, 1.99 kg plant-1, 37.12%, 0.30% cm, respectively. The results also showed that there were differences in the interactions between the two factors of the study. The interaction between soil mulching with black plastic and spraying with amino acids at a concentration of 2 ml L-1 with four sprays gave the highest values in the leaves content of N, P, K, the weight of the disc, the total yield, the percentage of protein in the curd, the percentage of protein in the curd, which gave 2.64 % ، 0.34 % ، 2.88%, 2.26 kg plant-1, 53.35 tons ha-1, 75. 12%, 0.37% cm, respectively.

In two commercial broiler breeds (Cobb 500 and Hubbard F-15), the polymorphisms of the chicken insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene were studied. A total of three hundred avian blood samples were obtained. Using a fast salt-extraction technique, genomic DNA was isolated. Using polymerase chain reaction, 1146 bp fragments of the gene were amplified (PCR). The amplified fragments were subjected to restriction enzyme digestion using HinfI endonuclease enzyme, and the digested products were separated on a 2% agarose gel. The findings indicated two alleles T and C for the target locus, with respective frequencies of 73.3% and 26.7%. Three distinct genotype variations, TT, TC, and CC, were found, with genotype frequencies of 59.1 percent, 28.4 percent, and 12.5 percent, respectively. The test based on actual and anticipated frequencies of various genotypic variances of the IGF2 gene revealed that the divergence from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was not significant (P≤0.01) in commercial broiler breeds (Cobb 500 and Hubbard F-15) chickens. In addition, it is shown that birds with genotype TC had a greater body mass at 8 weeks of age compared to those with genotypes TT and CC. It was determined that the IGF2 gene exhibited a significant degree of variability and might be regarded a possible genetic marker in selection and breeding programs for poultry.

The objective of the research to measure the relative economic efficiency and economies of scale for projects of broiler production and estimate dual production function through a normalized profit function to measure technical efficiency, returns to scale, The study used cross-sectional data for a random sample consisting of 60 fields from Baghdad governorate. The results of the quantitative analysis of the estimate of the a normalized profit function proved that small farms have 20000 or less birds achieve high economic efficiency compared to large farms have more 20000 birds The study showed that the negative signal of the dummy variable, which is the number of days of breeding bird by a normalized profit function that farms equal to breeding period is less than 40 days economically efficient compared to farms have breeding period of more than 40 days higher profits as a result of the period in which the value of production costs is lower ,the study a normalized profit function proved increasing economies of scale for projects of the broiler production, The study of the dual production function proved that estimated coefficients most of the resources used in broiler production farms achieved technical efficiency in use, except for human labor and feed that did not achieve technical efficiency in use.

The research was conducted in Najaf province for the year 2021-2022 on a selected sample of schools, including (Al-Mutamaifat High School, Al-Mutafaqat High School, Oras Intermediate School, Ruqayyah Intermediate School, Sajidat High School). Seating seats, ceilings, corridors and entrances, sculptures) , Develop indicators that meet the requirements of site users. The research methodology was represented by the theoretical framework that relied on dealing with the scientific knowledge that pertains to the spaces of green areas, school gardens and the basic (artificial) components of the school garden. As for the practical framework, it was represented by the field study, which relied on collecting information that included (the reality of the situation) for the schools of Najaf province and its lack of a set of elements and standards in providing artificial components for school gardens.This was done based on the indicators of the theoretical framework of the site, identifying the gardens that lack these components, conducting personal interviews with relevant specialists (educational staff and students), personal observation of the researcher, and conducting a questionnaire for the study site to know the opinions, desires and requirements of the beneficiaries of the site and determining the indicators for the study area and the results obtained from the questionnaire were converted into percentages and frequencies by using the computer and using the Statistical analysis system-SAS (2010) program in the statistical analysis of the recorded data using Chi-Square.The researcher reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which is the site’s lack of industrial elements, which are important to provide comfort and achieve the functional aspect of the site. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the views and desires of the site’s users were identified and through the field study that was approved according to the indicators of the theoretical framework. Examples of synthetic components that can be used in school gardens (study area) of Najaf province were presented.

The experiment was carried out during the 2020-2022 growing seasons in unheated greenhouses at DhiQar University, south of Iraq, to investigate Effect of humic acid and some treatments in storage behavior of hot pepper fruits (Capsicum annuumL. (hybrid Kizil F1. The factorial experiment consisted of two factors: humic acid at( 0, 1, and 2 g. l‾¹) and post-harvest treatments (aqueous extract of jujube leaves at 75 g. l‾¹, aqueous extract of pomegranate peels at5 ml. l‾¹, calcium at 1.5 ml. l‾¹ and arginine acid at 200 mg. l‾¹) in addition to the control treatment (distilled water only). Fruits were packed in 1kg polyethylene bags with eight holes of 5 mm diameter each and stored at 10 C° for two weeks. CRD design was used with three replicates for each treatment. The results were analyzed by the analysis of variance, and the means values were compared by the Revised Least Significant Difference Test at 0.05 probability. Results showed significant increases in the vitamin C content, total soluble solids, capsaicin, and phenolic substances in the fruits in humic acid treatments at 1 and 2 g.l‾¹. On the other hand, significant decreases in the percentage of decay in the fruits treated with humic acid at 1 and 2 g.l‾¹. The fruits treated with calcium recorded the lowest decay percentage compared to the rest of the treatments in both seasons for the pre and post-harvest treatments. The soaking method outperforms the spraying once in retaining fruit content of vitamin C. The interactions among the studied factors are most significant in their effect on most parameters.

The current study was conducted from December 20, 2021 to January 23, 2022 in Poultry houses of the Department of Animal Production at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Basra. To study the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the productive performance of broilers. The study was divided into 35-day field experiment. In this study, 180 non-naturalized chicks and one-day-old ROSS 308 were used. Chickens are randomly assigned to five experiments, three replicates for each treatment (12 chicks per replicate). Treatment is as follows UVB lamps and wavelengths (280-320) nm were used. The birds were reared in separate sections, where each section is assigned for one treatment. The Experience is as follows; The control treatment is regular light (LED) without using UV radiation, while the T1, T2, T3 and T4 treatments use UV lamps for different periods of time (30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes/day) respectively during the 35-day trial period. The birds were fed two available diets, the first containing 23.33% crude protein and 2990 kcal/kg metabolic energy. The second diet contained growth containing 20.24% crude protein and 3119 kcal/kg metabolic energy. The results of this study showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in body weight in birds with T2, T3 and T4 treatments at week 5, in addition to weight gain at week 4 and the cumulative T3 and T4 treatments increased significantly (P≤0.05). It also showed no significant influence of UV use on the amount of weekly and cumulative feed intake, feed conversion ratio, total mortality and production index. There is no significant effect of the use of UV radiation on carcass characteristics (cultivation percentage, relative weight of breast, thighs, back, wings and neck) and relative weight of internal organs (heart, liver, gizzard, spleen and bursa and the Fabricius gland).

An experiment was conducted in Al- Musayyib area Babylon province to study the response of three eggplant cultivars for growing season 2022 to spraying with three levels of seaweed extract and three levels of potassium sulfate . The experiment was conducted according to randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D). Results showed that treatment of spraying seaweed extract B2 at a concentration of 2 ml.L-1 significantly excelled and gave the highest average in number of leaves. The number of main branches, number of fruits and leaves area cm (160.103, 8.883, 42.127, 5009. 49), respectively. The study also showed that there were significant differences in the treatment of spraying potassium sulfate C2 at a concentration of 2 ml.L-1 in number of leaves. The number of main branches. number of fruits. leaves area cm. (154.052, 8.196, 45.708, 4632 , 989), respectively. The results showed that the interaction between seaweed extract and potassium sulfate had a significant effect on most of the studied traits, where the interaction in the combination (2 ml / L of seaweed extract and 2 ml / L of potassium sulfate) gave the highest mean for all the following traits: in the number of leaves. The number of main branches. number of fruits. Leaves area cm. (161.967, 9.639, 47.500, 5628.47) respectively

The pathogen Nosema ceranae is one of the most important pathogens that led to significant losses in honeybee colonies in Iraq in the last five years Due to the inability of beekeepers to identify it due to the lack of clear and distinctive signs for it, where the effect of plant extracts and Lactobacillus microbial preparation was studied and showed that nettle extract 1% had a good effect in reducing the number of spores of the pathogen for infected workers of honeybees during the Autumn 2021 , but the greatest effect is for the microbial preparation of Lactobacillus bacteria while in the spring 2022 a treatment of nettle 1% was added with the bacterial preparation of Lactobacillus bacteria, and it was the most effective treatment, as the percentage of inhibition was 97% and reducing the number of spores from 1.8×〖10〗^6 spores to 50×〖10〗^3spores.

The experiment was conducted during season 2021-2022 in a fabric lathhouse covered with a saran cover belonging to the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping at the College of Agriculture / University of Basrah,To study the effect of spraying with alpha tocopherol and extract of black cumin soaked on the vegetative and flowering growth of Freesia hybrid L.For spraying with alpha-tocopherol at a concentration of (0,60,120) mg.L-1 and the extract of soaked black cumin( 0,40,80 g.L-1)The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (R.B.C.D )Randomized Block Compelete Design. The results showed that spraying plants with alpha-tocopherol at a concentration of 120 mg.L-1 improved all the indicators of root and chemical growth, which included (the number of corms, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll, carbohydrates, carotenoids, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium).As for spraying plants with black cumin extract infused at a concentration of 80 g.L-1 a significant increase in (number of corms, fresh and dry weights, and leaf content of chlorophyll, carbohydrates, carotenoids and major elements nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) respectively compared to the control plants.As for the bi-interactions between alpha-tocopherol at a concentration of 120 mg.L-1 and black cumin extract soaked at a concentration of 80 g.L-1, it gave the highest rates compared to the control plants.

The research was aimed to prepare an optimal cropping plan in Baghdad governorate that minimize the cost and maximize the net return of the water unit. This research was carried out using the goal programming method, which is a technology applied to solve the problems related to multiple goals, within the general framework of linear programming. The requirements of one donum were collected by a questionnaire from 100 farmers in Baghdad governorate during 2020, and the available resources were collected from the Ministry of Agriculture. The annual water ration rate per donum for all crops was about 18,954.15 m3 dunum-1, while the total water requirements of the cultivated winter crops amounted to 115828443.3 m3 million-1, while the water requirements of the cultivated summer crops amounted to 147646203 m3 million-1, and by calculating the net yield of water unit 6, it was revealed that the highest net return was achieved in the production of beans, as it reached 360 d. m3, followed by the okra crop, which achieved a return of 235 d. m3, this is due to the high economic yield of these crops. While the wheat crop as a cash crop, the net water yield was 130 d. m3. The total cost of the current cropping structure amounted to 63.4 billion dinars, while the proposed optimal structure amounted to 8.5 billion dinars. As it provides about 55 billion dinars, the net revenue of the actual unit of water in Baghdad Governorate was 31.4 billion dinars and the optimal plan produced 160.8 billion dinars, which returned to a net return of 362.9 thousand dinars per water donum. The optimal crop structure revealed eight crops, three of which were winter crops, and suggested an increase in wheat area by 73.3%. The research recommended the application of the proposed optimal crop structure using economic tools, and work on using modern irrigation methods to improve water use efficiency, as well as supporting protected agricultural projects.

The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture - University of Basrah during the two growing seasons, 2021-2022, on pomegranate seedlings Punica granatum L. Shahrban cultivar, in order to study the effect of spraying myrrha extract with three concentrations (0, 3, 6) g.L-1 and the effect of spraying the organic fertilizer Foliarex was also applied at three concentrations (0, 5, 10) ml.L-1 and the effect of the interaction between them in the leaf content on some nutrients and medicinally active compounds in the leaves of pomegranate seedlings, with two periods of spraying the fall season starting from 2022/10/15 and the spring season starting 2022/3/15 with 12 sprayings, between one spraying and another one week, the experiment was factorial with two factors according to the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D). and the Least Significant Difference (L.S.D) test was used to compare the averages of the treatments and at the level of probability (0.05), the results showed that the spraying of seedlings Pomegranate with myrrha extract at a concentration of 6 g.L-1 led to a significant increase in some nutrients studied such as the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, protein and medically effective compounds such as phenols, tannins and alkaloids, while spraying with the organic fertilizer Foliarex at a concentration of 10 ml.L-1 led to an improvement in most of the nutrients and effective compounds The effect of the interaction led to a treatment of (6 g.L-1 myrrha extract and 10ml.L-1 organic fertilizer) significantly superior in most of the studied traits compared with the control treatment.

Abstract. To assess the use of different levels of Inulin during life periods on the productive performance of broilers. 180 one-day-old un naturalized chicks were bred from ROSS308.. Chicks were randomized to six feeding transactions with three replicates per transaction and ten chicks per repeater according to the Complete Random Design CRD and according to the following: T1: (control treatment) without any addition. T2: addition of 750 mg Inulin/kg feed at the age of 1-3 weeks; T3: addition of 1500 mg Inulin/kg feed at the age of 1-3 weeks, T4: addition of 750 mg Inulin/kg feed at the age of 3 -5 weeks, T5: addition of 1500 mg Inulin/kg feed at the age of 5-3 weeks, T6: addition of 1125 mg Inulin/kg feed at the age of 1-5 weeks. The results showed a significant improvement in body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and production index of the feeding birds in relation to the ratio in which Inulin was added compared to the control group and gave T3,T6 the best results.

The experiment was conducted in the nursery of Diyala Agriculture Directorate during the growing seasons 2021 from March to November 2021 to study the effect of Humic acid, Atonic and Salicylic acid spraying on some chemical and vegetative parameters of two years old Mahali and blood orange transplants budded on sour orange rootstock. and included two factors, the first one was two orange cultivars (Mahali and blood), and the second was the spray of The second factor included six treatments of biostimulants spray of (humic acid at1%, salicylic acid at 300 mg l-1`, atonic at 1 ml l-1 ,humic acid 1%+ salicylic acid at 300 mg l-1, and salicylic acid at 300 mg l-1 + atonic at 1 ml l -1) . The experiment was conducted using RCBD with three replicates, and 3 transplants per experimental unit. Results means analyzed using Duncan’s multiple range test at 0.05 propability level.Results revealed the superiority of the blood cultivar compared to Mahali one in most studied characteristics(branch number , leaves number,the fresh and dry weight of the shoots, leaves carbohydrates content, and decreasing leaves proline content). The combination of salicylic + atonic showed a significant increase in branches number and length,leaves number,the fresh and dry weight of the shoots, leaves carbohydrates content , and decreasing leaves proline content compared to untreated transplants.

The field experiment was conducted during the season 2021-2022 in Baquba nursery affiliated to Diyala Agriculture Directorate.In order to study the effect of organic fertilizer and agricultural sulfur on the growth and yield of garlic, the study included two factors; The first is sulfur: control, agricultural sulfur, ground addition 75 kg ha-1, and spraying with liquid sulfur 2 ml L-1,The second factor was spraying with five types of organic fertilizers, namely: spraying with aqueous extract of sheep manure at a concentration of 100%, spraying with polyamine at a concentration of 2 g L-1, spraying with humic acid 1 ml L-1, and spraying with compost tea at a concentration of 100% in addition to a control treatment .The experiment included fifteen treatments and three replications, The results showed that spraying with liquid sulfur 2 ml L-1 (the superiority) of all urban growth traits represented by the plant height and the percentage of dry matter in green leaves compared to the control treatment. As well as the excelled in the traits of the yield and represented by the diameter of the head, Head weight, for the total yield of heads compared to the control treatment. in order and the qualitative traits represented by the percentage of protein, nitrogen and phosphorous and potassium compared to the control treatment. As for spraying with organic fertilizers, the results showed that there was a significantly excelled of spraying with humic acid 1 ml L-1 in plant height and the percentage of dry matter in green leaves compared to the control treatment. As well as the excelled in the yield traits represented by the diameter of the head, head weight, the total yield of heads compared to the control treatment .It was also excelled in the qualitative traits represented by the percentage of protein, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium compared to the control treatment.

This study was conducted in the Department of Animal Production/ Faculty of Agriculture/University of Basrah and for the period 5 months to prepare collagen proteins fortified with lysozyme protein and cinnamon oil in the laboratory in the packaging of broiler carcasses (chest) by immersion method and study their microbial qualities when stored by freezing. Collagen extracted took 60 breast pieces of broilers obtained from local markets in Basra and are fresh. If these pieces were divided into four coefficients for each transaction three repeaters and each repeater consists of 5 pieces of the chest, these pieces were immersed in the prepared collagen proteins and according to the following coefficients:

The experiment was carried out at the Research Station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping-College of Agriculture-University of Diyala, during the autumn season 2021–2022 to study the effect of foliar spraying with sugar alcohol (mannitol) with Two concentrations in addition to the control treatment of 0, 10, and 15 g. liter-1, and boron with three concentrations in addition to the control treatment of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg. liter-1 on the growth and yield of pea plants. The results showed that spraying with mannitol 15 g L-1 gave the highest plant length, number of branches, leaf area, number of pods, number of seeds in a pod, yield per plant, and total yield, which reached 98.49 cm, 5.635 and 322.2 cm2, 27.99, 7.851, 178.8 g and 9.564 ton respectively. While spraying with boron at a concentration of 150 gm L-1 was superior in recording the highest mean in plant length, number of branches, leaf area, chlorophyll content, dry matter in leaves, number of pods, pod length, number of seeds in a pod, yield per plant, and total yield, which reached 103.3 cm, 6.404, 386.8 cm2, 44.12 spad, 64.36%, 33.34, 12.42 cm, 8.454, 208.5 g, and 11.14 ton, respectively.

This study was conducted in the central of health laboratory/ Animal and Fish Resource Research Center / Agricultural Research Department / Ministry of Science and Technology, for the period from 15/8/2021 to 15/11/2021 with the aim of investigating in polymorphism the Growth Hormone-1 Gene GH-1 and its relationship to a number of physiological traits (total protein, albumin and cholesterol) of Cyprinus carpio L. In 90 fish representing three different ecosystems (30 fish for each site), including floating cages, ponds, and the Tigris River south of Baghdad. The polymorphisms of the growth hormone gene were investigated using Single-Stranded Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).blood was taken from the caudal vein of each fish, and to extract DNA in addition to measuring , albumin and cholesterol.genotyping of samples by SSCP analysis showed six different banding patterns including A,B,C,E, F, and H with a frequency of 24.4, 5.6, 15.6, 15.6, 16.4, and 22.4, respectively, for a population of fish in the studied sites. The H Pattern was associated with the highest rate of protein concentration (4.05±0.11), and the same Pattern recorded the lowest rate of albumin and cholesterol (0.68±0.07) and (146.7±21.3), respectively.

The study involved 200 samples. One hundred clinical specimens were obtained from patients in Baghdad hospitals and streaked on MacConkey agar. One hundred food samples were collected randomly from different local markets in Baghdad. Bacterial isolation from the collected food samples was done by pour-plate method using MacConkey agar. Two groups of bacteria appeared lactose fermenter and non-lactose fermenter. Using both microscopic and macroscopic characteristics on the selective and differential media, the isolated lactose fermenting bacteria were identified as Klebsiella and Escherichia coli. Then vitek system was adopted to confirm the identification to Klebsiella pneumoniae as the prevalent species in the collected samples. The results revealed that 32 bacterial isolates are K.pneumoniae (18 clinical and 14 food origin).

In this study, 10 genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) from Al-Dabbaneh Modern Agriculture Co. Ltd. were used. This study was conducted during the Autumn planting season of (2021). It included a field experiment conducted in two sites, the first in Nineveh province (Al Rashidiya), and the second in Erbil province (Al-Dabbaneh Modern Agriculture Company Ltd.) for three replications. The traits were studied: date to tasseling, date to silking, plant height, number of leaves per plant, area of main leaf ear, number of ear, ear length, Number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, number of grains per ear, weight of 300 grains, grain yield per plant and oil percent %. The results showed that the mean squares of the genotypes were significant at the 1% probability level for most of the studied traits and for both locations. The genotype (Reserave) for the Mosul location, and the genotype (215472) for Erbil location were excelled for most of the studied traits. The genetic correlation was significant and positive for the location of Erbil between the grain yield per plant and each of the number of rows per ear and the number of grains per ear

The experiment was carried out in one of the plastic houses of Baqubah center nursery affiliated with Diyala Agriculture Directorate during the Agricultural season 2021-2022 to study the effect of, on growth and flowering of two strains (white and red) of snapdragon plant cv. 'Opus'. Foliar spraying with putrescine led to a significant increase in most of the vegetative and flowering growth characteristics, and spraying treatment with a concentration of 150 mg.L-1 led to a significant increase in the characteristics represented by hight plant, number of leaves and flower stem length, while spraying treatment with a concentration of 50 mg.L-1 was significantly superior and gave the best results represented by the number of florets in the inflorescence and the first basal floret opening date.Foliar spraying with Indole acetic acid led to a significant increase in vegetative and flowering growth characteristics, spraying treatment with concentration of 50 mg.L-1 excelled and gave the best results for the vase life. It is clear from the results that the two strains varied in the characteristics of vegetative and flowering growth, where they varied in the strength showing of the traits, as the white strain outperformed in most of the vegetative and flowering traits and showed a significant increase in the number of leaves, leaf area, length of the flower stem and the vase life, while the red strain showed a superiority in number of inflorescences.The result of the interaction between foliar spraying with putrescine and Indole acetic acid for two strains of snapdragon plant showed a significant effect on all vegetative and flowering growth characteristics of the plant, the interaction treatment between the red strain and spraying with Indole acetic acid at a concentration of 150 mg.L-1 recorded the best results for number of inflorescences while the interaction treatment between the white strain and spraying with putrescine at a concentration of 50 mg.L-1 was superior, and the best results were recorded for the traits represented by number of florets per inflorescence and the first basal floret opening date.

Researchers focus on creating environmentally friendly packaging materials from natural sources due to the extensive use of petroleum-based polymers and their reputation for posing serious environmental problems and harmful to human health because they are not biodegradable. Films prepared from natural and edible biopolymers have good mechanical and buffer propertie but to a lesser extent than films made from synthetic polymers. In order to increase the availability and competitiveness of biodegradable films used in food packaging, several studies have been conducted, By adding plant extracts that have anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties. In addition, the majority of plant extracts improve mechanical properties by increasing polymer thickness and tensile strength Reduce water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability , improve water moisture and solubility. In this study, simple and composite edible films were prepared using carrageenan as the base material at a concentration of 2% and glycerol at 40% by the weight of carrageenan (w/w) as a plasticizer (simple film). Then aqueous black pepper extract at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml was added as a support to the substrate to create a composite film. The active compound piperine was diagnosed in the aqueous and alcoholic extract of black pepper, and the amount of the active compound was higher in the aqueous extract, which amounted to (1524.8)ppm compared to the alcoholic extract, which amounted to (958.9)ppm. When examining the ability of the aqueous and alcoholic extract to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, The aqueous extract has a halo of larger diameter than the alcoholic extract, The diameter of the corona formed around the aqueous extract against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) is 16mm in diameter, While the diameter of the inhibitory areola around the alcoholic extract is 8mm, The corona formed around the aqueous extract against (Escherichia coli) is 16 mm in diameter, While the diameter of the inhibitory corona around the alcoholic extract is 13mm and (Bacillus cereus) it was 10mm for the aqueous extract, While the alcohol was 8mm, and finally the diameter of the corona of bacteria (Salmonella spp) was 12mm for the aqueous extract, the alcoholic extract amounted to 8mm. The results showed that the presence of the aqueous extract of black pepper as a reinforcing material enhanced the mechanical properties as the tensile strength increased by 38.10 MPa compared to the simple membrane reaching 29.98 MPa with a decrease in elongation by 23.6% compared to the simple membrane, the elongation percentage was 32.2% and therefore the results of the properties mechanical opposite. As for the physical properties, The water vapor permeability decreased when the aqueous extract of black pepper was added by 2.39 (g.mm/cm2Pa.day) compared to the simple membrane where it was 2.85 (g.mm/ cm2Pa.day) and it has a direct relationship with the solubility assay . The results of the composite films showed asolubility of 15.8% compare d to the simple films that were 20.4%.

Among the largest fruit harvests in the world are grapes (vitis vinifera). This study's major objective is to describe grape seed byproducts and waste as novel sources of bioactive components from a circular economy and biorefinery perspective. The fatty acids included in grape seeds have been found to have strong free radical scavenging properties.in particular, this research investigated :1.chemical composition of grape seed powder using the method of gas chromatograph with mass -spectroscopic detection (GC-MS),the obtained data allowed to establish that the studied (GSP) contains major constituents that are these fatty acid palmitic acid (14.83%),9-Octadecanoic acid(Z))-2,hydroxy ethyl ester(9.75%) ,linoleic acid (7.43%) ,oleic acid (21.31%), Linoleic acid and olieic acid are the two main fatty acids, though of fatty acids, grape seed powder include 4-Acetoxy-3-(2,6,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl)benzaldehyde (6.02%),14-Beta-H-Pregna (7.64%) and Tricosane (14.99%) .the important of these component in medicine includes anti-viral and antioxidant properties. 2. Radical scavenging activity of (GSP) were evaluated by DPPH assay. Grape seed is known as an effective antioxidant that protects the body from premature aging and disease. EC50 of grape seed powder was 0.536mg/ml, radical scavenging activity increase from 2.6 to 49.13 by increasing concentration from 4.8µ/L to 1250 µ/L, indicate strong relation between concentration and radical scavenging activity.3. mineral contents of grape seed powder were detected using inductivity coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP/OES), according to the results (Ca, Al, Cu, and Fe) were established as the primary minerals with high concentrations, respectively. whereas very low levels of (Ni, Cd, Co, and Cr) were discovered.

The experiment was conducted in the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory - College of Agriculture - Al-Qasim Green University during the period from November 2021 to May 2022. The aim of the research was to study the effect of adding two types of cytokines: (BA 2.0 mg.L-1 , TDZ 0.2 mg.L-1 ) and two concentrations of nano-iron (2.5 , 5 mg.L-1) and the addition of nano-iron at two concentrations (2.5 mg.L-1 and 5 mg.L-1) to the medium of propagation of in vitro of Citromelo rootstock .The results showed that the addition of benzyl adenine at a concentration of 2.0 mg. L-1 to MS medium showed significant differences in the rate of shoots height and number of leaves, given (2.40 cm, 10.33 leaves/shoot) respectively. As for the chemical indicators, the same concentration gave the highest average concentration of phosphorous, which amounted to (0.2777%), and carbohydrates at an average of (21.92%). As for the concentration of 0.2 mg.L-1 thidiazoron excelled and gave the average content of shoot of chlorophyll (6.07 mg.100 gm-1 fresh weight).As for the concentration of 2.5 mg.L-1 nano-iron, it gave the highest average for shoot lengths (2.40 cm), number of leaves (9.66 leaves/shoot) and carbohydrates (21.61%). While the concentration of 5 mg. L-1 excelled in chlorophyll content (6.24 mg. 100 gm-1 fresh weight) and phosphorous (0.2760%) in the interaction treatment 2.0 mg. L-1BAP + 2.5 mg. L-1 nano iron.Significantly excelled in shoot length (3.20 cm), number of leaves (13 leaves/shoot), and carbohydrates (23.24%) as for the interaction between BAP 2.0 mg. L-1 +5 mg.L-1 Nano iron excelled in the content of phosphorous shoots (0.4720%) Also, the interaction treatment between 0.2 mg . L-1 TDZ + 2.5 mg. L-1 of nano iron significantly excelled in its chlorophyll content (7.85 mg. 100 gm-1).

This study was conducted on a flock of Awassi ewes at animal farm elated to animal production department / college of Agriculture and Forestry at University of Mosul, during the productive seasons 2020-2021. The study included 60 Awassi ewes, study the effect age of dam (Yr.), sex of lamb, type of birth and month of birth on daily milk yield (DMY), total milk yield (TMY), constitute and lambs weights. The results highly significant effects (p<0.01) for age of dam on daily milk yield, total milk yield, and lambs weights. The results highly significant effects (p<0.01) for Sex of lamb on daily milk yield, total milk yield and lambs weights (LW). There was a highly significant affects for type of birth on daily milk yield, total milk yield and birth weight(BW). The month of birth also had a significant effect (P<0.05) in each of the characteristics of total, daily milk yield, the superiority was in favor of January over December and November. The month of birth did not affect the rest of all the studied traits.

The experiment was conducted during the spring and autumn season 2021 in Tal Afar city - Nineveh Governorate/ Iraq. the study included two factors: The first factor was cultivars (Rabee, Masarra), nitrogen and phosphor fertilization( DAP) containing nitrogen at 18% and phosphorous by 23%, (48% P2O5) bylevels 0, 150 and300 kg DAP. ha-1, application time 1/3 of the amount at field emergence, 1/3 when leaf 7 appears, 1/3 at the beginning of male inflorescence. The RCBD was used in the experiment, and the averages of treatments were compared by Duncan's multiple range test. The following traits were studied: the active antioxidant enzymes (SOD), (POX),( CAT), plant yield, actual pollinated percentage and Number of grains in row. The antioxidant enzymes were significantly affected by the spring season, as it increased compared to the autumn season, and the addition of DAP caused a significant decrease in all antioxidant enzymes, and the cultivar Rabea had a significantly higher content of antioxidant enzymes than the Masara cultivar. The highest significant mean of plant yield, No. row grains and actual pollinated percentage was achieved during the autumn season and with the cultivar Rabea and when the third level of DAP was added. While the lowest significant rate was achieved during the spring season when no DAP was added to the cultivar Massara.

This study was conducted in the Najaf Specialized Nursery of the Ministry of Agriculture / Najaf province for the period from September 2021 to June 2022. To study the effect of plant residues, biofertilizers and foliar spraying with seaweed extract on some vegetative, root and leaf content of growth regulators for apple seedlings, Sharabi cultivar, one and a half years age, which were planted in the nursery ground. 324 seedlings were selected with homogeneous growth and size as much as possible and it was implemented as a factorial experiment (4 * 3 * 3) by designing randomized complete block design with three replications. Each replicate includes 108 seedlings, with 3 seedlings for each experimental unit and with three factors if the first factor includes: Four ground additions of organic plant residues, which included (palm fronds residues at an average of 1 kg. seedlings-1, rice residues at an average of 1 kg. seedlings-1, a mixture of palm fronds residues and rice residues at a rate of 1 kg. seedlings-1 in addition to the control treatment (no addition) .As for the second factor, it is the ground addition of biofertilizers and with three additions (the control treatment (non-addition), a mixture of three types of bacteria (Azotobacter, Bacillus and Pseudomonas at a rate of 10 ml. seedlings -1, Mycorrhiza 10 g. seedlings -1). While the third factor included three concentrations of foliar spray with seaweed extract (0, 2, 4 ml. L-1), and the service operations were conducted equally for all treatments. The results were as follows:.

A laboratory study was conducted at the Musayyib Technical College / Department of Biologecal control Techniques for the period from 10/1/2021 to 1/11/202 In order to know the evaluation of the efficiency of the alcoholic extract of Charisia leaves. Carissa macrocarpa in the control of Tetranychus urticae under laboratory condition.The results showed that the alcoholic extract of C. macrocarpa leaves had a significant effect on all stages of the two-spot mits at all concentrations, as well as increasing the mortality rates of eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults by increasing the concentration and increasing the time period. The highest mortality rate for eggs (60.67%) at the concentration of 20 mg/ml compared to the control treatment which was (0.00%) for the same concentration during 72 hours of treatment, while the lowest concentration of the extract 5 mg/ml gave the eggs destruction rate amounted to (35.00%). during 72 hours of the treatment, while the comparison treatment was (0.00%) for the same period .As for the larval stage, the highest larval mortality rate was (69.33%) at the concentration of 20 mg/ml compared to the control treatment, which amounted to (0.00%) for the same concentration during 72 hours of treatment . While the lowest concentration of the extract 5 mg/ml gave the larva mortality (32.00%) during 72 hours of treatment, while the comparison treatment was(0.00%) for the same period. As for the nymph stage, the highest mortality rate of nymphs was (65.67%) for the concentration of 20 mg/ml compared to the control treatment, which reached (1.00%) for the same concentration during 72 hours of treatment , While the lowest concentration of the extract 5 mg/ml gave the percentage of nymph mortality (43.67%) during 72 hours of treatment, while the comparison treatment was(1.00%) for the same period , As for the adults, the highest mortality rate of mite adults was (67.67%) for the concentration 20 mg/ml compared to the control treatment which amounted to(0.00%) for the same concentration during 72 hours of treatment, while the lowest concentration of the extract 5 mg/ml gave the death rate for the adults amounted to (40.33%) during 72 hours of the treatment, while the comparison treatment was(0.00%) for the same period.

The experiment was conducted in the lathhouse of the Department of Plant Production Techniques / Al-Mussaib Technical College for the autumn season of 2021 and the spring season of 2022 to study the effect of Zeolite and bio- inoculum on the growth and flowering of Rosa hybrid . It used plastic pots with a capacity of 27 cm filled with an agricultural medium consisting of (river soil + Zeolite at different levels). The experiment included two factors, the first factor included four levels of Zeolite without addition (the control treatment), adding (3 , 6 9)g.kg-1.soil. As for the second factor, it included two levels of (Bio-healthWSG) water-soluble, organic vaccine without addition, adding 0.02 ml/liter. The results showed that the addition of Zeolite had a significant effect on the studied traits . The addition treatment (9 mg. kg-1) significantly excelled on the rest of the treatments and gave the highest values for the studied traits, plant height (82.9 cm), , intensity of chlorophyll pigment (44.1 spad unit). The percentage of dry matter in the leaves ( 0.5%), Number of flowers 7.7 (flower.plant-1), vase life 21.2 day, total carotenoid pigment in flowers 2.7 mg.100 g dry weight.Also, the addition of the Bio-health had a clear effect on the traits of vegetative and flowering traits. The addition treatment (0.02 ml/L) was significantly excelled on the non-addition (0) and gave the highest values for the studied traits, plant height (74.5 cm). intensity of chlorophyll pigment (39.9 spad unit), The percentage of dry matter in the leaves 0.5%), Number of flowers 6.5 (flower.plant-1), vase life 18.6 day, total carotenoid pigment in flowers 2.6 mg.100 g dry weight.The results also indicated that the interaction treatment (Zeolite 9 g/kg + bio-fertilizer 0.02 ml/L) was significantly excelled on all studied traits, plant height (91.6 cm)., intensity of chlorophyll pigment (47.4 spad unit), The percentage of dry matter in the leaves (0.6%) Number of flowers 8.7 (flower.plant-1), vase life 22.0 day, total carotenoid pigment in flowers 2.7 mg.100 g dry weight