Journal Dawat

The research deals with the study of the pictorial intensification in the text of the holy Qur’an with the collaboration of more than one level. It focuses on the acoustic suggestion، relying on the word chosen in the text، and the verse affecting the recipient with a Qur’anic depiction that indicates a high level of symbolic suggestion. This synergy constitutes an enhanced pictorial intensification and its impact on drawing the imagined image. Researchers often study the image in two ways: the first approach is the graphic representation، which includes، similarity، metaphor، metonymy، etc.، and the second approach is the descriptive depiction، which includes the study of sound، time، place، symbol، people، and others. That is to say everything that falls under the name of descriptive portrayal. Thus this research explains the acoustic side and the symbolic side. Further، since the research works in the “pictorial intensification” department، this description gave the researcher some limitations، as he stands at the most prominent levels of pictorial intensification contained in the verses of “Layt”، namely: the phonetic suggestion and the symbolic suggestion.
Keywords: pictorial intensification، "Layte" verses، phonetic suggestion، symbolic suggestion.

The presumption of rank is one of the most important verbal clues in the Arabic language. It has a significant impact on the structure of the Arabic sentence as it helps remove confusion from the meaning by specifying the locations of the word in it. The importance of rank in the linguistic structure in the Arabic sentence is highlighted in describing the locations of words in the structure، and it is divided into two parts (the preserved rank and the non-preserved rank).

This research aims to reveal the techniques of argumentative factors in the Qur’anic evidence for the owners of Al-Kisa’ (peace be upon them). It traces the mechanisms of employing linguistic methods in the context of a persuasive argument. It sheds light on the argumentative of minors and the argumentative of negation by selecting models and comparing them، showing their impact on the recipient، and pushing him to adopt specific behavioral patterns.

Speech acts are one of the modern and contemporary theories in pragmatic studies. It is concerned with social and institutional work according to the utterances of the speaker and his intentions، and according to the recipient، his knowledge and culture. The philosopher (John Austin) is considered the founder of the pragmatic theory. Later، his student (John Searle) completed the project of this theory، which appeared after succession of results of the theory of speech acts. It is considered the most important tributary of the contemporary pragmatic lesson represented between the speaker and the receiver and the propositional context، being a textual communication between the speaker and the receiver and has a typological and procedural level. The research called for drawing the features of this communicative theory، which is one of the verbal achievement verbal performances in the poetry of Hatim al-Ta’i in particular. It also examines his poems، which were filled with a mixture of (enthusiastic، pride، praise and wisdom) with the techniques of contemporary linguistic lesson according to the theory of (John Searle) that classifies speech acts.
Keywords: Direct speech act، indirect speech acts، performance act، the poetry of Hatem al-Ta›i)

The research looks into the discursive functions of personal denotations as an analytical tool that shows the set of possibilities in the language of Abu Al-Ala Al-»The Maarri›s Message of Forgiveness» as a model that includes pragmatic prose for its semantic purposes whose content can›t be seen without the verbal context. The research doesn›t merely look at the obvious signs; it also looks at the signs that have the strongest presence. These are the signs that are rooted in the internal structure of discourse، in a modern pragmatic view of an eloquent Arab influence that embodied a phase of ancient Arab thought.

Praise be to God who has enabled me to complete this research. I cannot help but prostrate to Almighty Allah with gratitude for making it easy for me to accomplish it. I beseech Him through His Messenger Muhammad (may God bless him and his household) and his pure household (pbut) that this expended effort will obtain His approval and that He will save it for me in the balance of my deeds.
This research is an epistemological attempt that makes the linguistic narrations of Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT) the subject of it. The Key findings of the research are summarised below:
1. The exegetical narrations of Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT) - especially the linguistic ones - had precedence over all other linguistic interpreters. However، despite this precedence، ease، and harmony with the Qur’anic expression and the graphic miracle، many interpreters neglected them and resorted to the sayings of the linguists who They came after them.
2. The interpretations of the Imams of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) looked at the correct Islamic beliefs and concepts، and did not transgress or contradict them، especially with regard to the divine essence and its attributes، as in the Almighty’s saying، ‘And when We intend to destroy a city، We command its affluent but they defiantly disobey therein; so the word comes into effect upon it، and We destroy it with [complete] destruction’. Thus when the Almighty Allah Himself is pure justice، how can He command the hideous when it is injustice?
3. Most of their interpretations were responses to the questions or the wrong understandings. Hence، they sought to correct opinions by employing linguistic meanings in the service of doctrinal concepts، as in their interpretation of the Almighty’s saying، ‘His wife (Sarah)، who was standing nearby، laughed. Thereupon، We gave her the good news of Isaac، and after Isaac of Jacob’.
4. It is apparent to the researcher that the Imam’s endeavour (PBUT) was spoken in colleges and general foundations. They did not touch on the details and left that to the Muslims because their approach (PBUT) was to lay down the general foundations of interpretation - especially the linguistic ones - and they do not interfere in the specific details، so we can It is said that the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) have universal rules in linguistic interpretation.
5. I figured out that the imams (PBUT) exerted efforts that cannot be ignored because they are of a historical footprint that has precedence over most of the Arabic dictionaries. Therefore، we see that it is wrong to ignore them، but it is necessary to refer to them، as they are the closest to the era of Arabic eloquence.
6. The Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT) relied on a linguistic structure and foundations. Then they extended the exegetical approach in the Qur’anic text. So، their saying was the decisive factor in defining the semantics of words after the opinions were numerous in defining the semantics of words.
7. The imams of Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT) corrected the language and referred to the Qur’anic text to correct certain vocabularies، as in the Almighty’s saying، ‘So she laughed’، where it appeared to us their keenness (PBUT) to improve the linguistic performance of Muslims، and its impact In understanding the significance of the Qur’anic text and unifying its connotations in what contradicts the basic Islamic concepts، thus forming a linguistic and grammatical reference that preserves the tongue from deviation and slippage.
8. In their narrations، hadiths، and guidance of the Qur’anic texts، the imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT) have indications that deserve the attention of researchers because their choices have a great impact in directing the lexical meaning. So، in being fair to the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT)، the hadiths that were reported from them were transmitted in those books، which we tried to collect in this research.
9. The imams (PBUT) employed the Qur’anic context to reveal the real meanings، as in the interpretation of (So she laughed)، as the context was in the glad tidings that the angels brought to the Prophet of God and his wife and the occurrence of pregnancy from her. Her laughter was in the appropriate context for the occurrence of that state.
This is a set of the results of the research، and there are other partial results that we find scattered in it.

Antagonistic dichotomies in Arabic poetry have a clear and effective effect in generating the meanings that underlie the poet’s conscience and convey his emotions towards what surrounds him، which sometimes is not visible. Here comes the role of the recipient with his skill in memorizing it.
The study deals with the most important antagonistic dichotomies that dominated Urwa bin Uthaina›s poetry - in his lyric in particular - such as the duality of dimension and proximity، duality of abandonment and connection، duality of concealment and disclosure، and other binaries intertwined with it. It focuses on the meanings and formats that these opposing binaries contributed to its formation، and the effectiveness of these Dualities in the growth of these meanings and their multiplicity in poetic texts، which are a translation of the poet›s feelings and concerns towards the beloved. These feelings are not without references to a collective concern rooted in society.
Keywords: antagonistic dichotomies، generating meanings، spinning، Urwa bin Uthaina

Ambiguity in modern Arabic poetry is a general phenomenon that is not restricted to the prose poetry in particular. It is present in the metrical poetry and the free poetry as well، but it is remarkably concentrated in the prose poetry، until a definite rupture occurred between this type of poetry and the audience. Accordingly، the main aim of this paper is to raise this disputed issue، and address it by highlighting the most important problems related to understanding the poetic text in the modern era. This is the problem of interpretation in order to show that the interpretation of the poetic text cannot be chaotic and free to the extent that it is all contradictory and conflicting interpretations are valid and acceptable. Rather، there must be criteria to be invoked to favor one interpretation over another، or to reject some interpretations that are not in harmony with the general semantic space of the text. We know with certainty that if the interpretive process of the poetic text does not go in this direction، the inevitable result must be that poetic creativity loses its justification for its existence from the ground up. We have chosen the book of poetry entitled ((Black and White) by the Iraqi poet Abdul Moneim Al-Quraishi، to be the data of analysis for this study.

After the development of science in recent times، translation has not been far from the path of development and progress and has been able to gradually move away from general linguistics and be closer to subjects such as linguistics of the text which were more related to the translation. Linguistics of the text observes the text as a complete and coherent semantic unit. Consistency in this regard is considered one of the most important semantic manifestations and linguistic standards that probe the text’s coherence and dynamism in order to reach the textuality of the text، especially in the process of transferring meaning in the context of translation from one language to another، with the help of principles that identify elements of consistency in the text، principle and purpose. Then compare them together in order to reach into a translated text that semantically coherent with the original text. This research dealt with the four coherent elements، which are referral، substitution، deletion، and linking in the Arabic text of the sermon of the righteous، identifying and counting them in Dr. Shaheedi using the comparative analytical method. After answering the research questions، we showed that Dr. Shahidi was able to provide an acceptable translation in terms of the coherent elements in the perspective of Halliday and Ruqaya Hassan.
Keywords: consistency، Halliday and Ruqaya Hasan، criticism of translation، Nahj al-Balaghah، sermon of the righteous.

Stylistics، one of the contemporary literary investigations، is of particular importance and is considered one of the important approaches to understand the characteristics of any literary work. Stylistics is concerned with the interconnectedness and harmony of linguistic and expressive units. It deals with the study of the vocabulary، phrases، images، imagination، feelings، emotions، and meanings used in the text، as well as how some of these tools relate to each other. Stylistics distinguishes speech or writing from other linguistic and expressive constructs.
The Thirty-first Epistle of Nahj Al-Balaghah is a long letter by Imam Ali (PBUH) entitled ‘the The literary style of this treatise is endowed with an expressive feature of its own، as the imam chose for his epistle these special words، the organized structure، the figurative language، the homogeneity of letters، and other types of good sound patterns. This is what made the epistle famous in terms of style. This makes it necessary to know the style of this epistle and submit it.
In this article، the elements of the thirty-first message style of Nahj al-Balaghah are studied; at the phonetic level، the lexical level، the grammatical level، the rhetorical level، and the ideological level according to the descriptive analytical approach.

Praise be to God، Lord of the Worlds، and prayers and peace be upon the last of Prophet and Messengers، Muhammad، may God’s prayers and peace be upon him، his household، his chosen companions، and those who were guided by their guidance، and walked to their path from the first and the last، until the Day of Judgment.
Due to the importance of the manuscript scientific heritage، the treasures of our libraries of precious knowledge، and what this book involves of precious scientific material، entitled ‹Al-Sadriyah in Grammar›، by Sayyid Mu’izz al-Din Muhammad bin Abi al-Hasan al-Musawi، from the figures of the eleventh Hijri century. Also، on account of benefiting from it in attaining scholarly ranks، I decided to publish a section of it، hoping to complete its investigation soon - God willing -، so I chose the author›s introduction alongside the first chapter ‹On parsing›، from the first section، which he made in four researches. And for the requirements of working in accordance with the correct scientific method، I presented this text with a comprehensive study in relation to the author and the authored، with unmistakable abbreviation. Taking into account the policy of publishing in scientific journals، this study encompasses two chapters، preceded by an introduction، and ends with a conclusion with a list of resources

We must start thinking of using modern teaching methods and skill development - especially in the Arabic language curriculum - that work on deduction، intellectual generation، freedom from shyness and self-deprecation، lack of initiative، speaking without fear or withdrawal، and giving free rein to the mind. This is achieved by moving away from the old، traditional methods that we have tried and experienced for quite some time، and we knew that they did not lead to any positive results. Reading literary texts without understanding them، tasting them، or manifesting their ideas and visions، lowered the students› levels in the Arabic language، and made them memorize without understanding، and repeat without tasting. This modest research is an invitation to use the methods and skills of active education، including the student›s activities and actions that require reflection، allowing the student to speak، listen، read، write and reflect on the content of the curriculum presented to them. The need to work on finding new innovative methods in the educational process، and to go beyond the traditional methods that rely mainly on the language of indoctrination، and individual lectures، in which the professor is the main focus and the central focus in which the lecture takes place.
Keywords: Active stylistics، Arabic language skills، teaching methods، reading texts.

This study، entitled with «manifestations of the ambiguous poetic identity of the islamic age»، seeks to examine poetic identity and its relationship to criticism on the one hand، and the sociological transformations of the era that witnessed the advent of Islam on the other hand، which in turn produced a different poetic identity than that in the Islamic era، which was marred by deviation، confusion and lack of clarity، based on the systemic vision that controls the tendencies of poets. Then، it produces ambiguous identities for them about their Islamic identity، to which they committed themselves to.

Many miracles that were accomplished for the family of the Noble Prophet (may God’s prayers be upon them) were mentioned in the considered sources. They are among the splendid and venerable dignity that God Almighty singled out for the pure Hashemite progeny. A group of poets in the Abbasid era dealt with some of these miracles، especially what is mentioned by the poets who follow Aal al-Bayt (peace be upon them). They mentioned these miracles with certainty and sincerity. This is what pulsated the conscience of their poetry by documenting that since their hearts pulsed with pure love for the Noble Prophet and his pure family. The research tended to mention some of the miracles of the family of al-Bayt (may peace be upon them) in the poetry of the most prominent poets of the Abbasid era who walked on the love of the noble Prophet’s family، and documented in their poetry a range of their miracles that were narrated by many of the sources that indicated their great status، and in the light of this study. The first topic: (the substantive aspect) which mentioned the most prominent poetic purposes that poets knocked on when they documented those miracles in their poetry. The second topic: (the technical side). It dealt with the technical elements of miracle poems through the structure of language، poetic styles، rhythm، and artistic depiction of miracles.
Keywords: Miracles، Al-Bayt (peace be upon them)، Abbasid poetry، subject matter and art.

The figurative formation in al-Kumayt›s poetry is achieved by showing the truth with some focus on the abstract meanings in a form that combines its elements to form an integrated unit. To translate his ideological thought and feelings flowing from his thoughts، passing by the moment he painted the pictures، skillfully in photography and accurately in conveying details. The graphic arts provided similes، metaphors، and euphemisms for the text in giving movement and clarifying the features of those images. Hence، we find that his poetic image is associated with feelings and emotions; It represents the soul of poetry. This reading presents a picture of the pictorial composition in the poetry of Al-Kumait. It came in two sections: the first included the picture in Al-Kumait›s poetry because of its great importance and its impact on the body of the poem through the senses and material things، in order to exchange sense and thought in it. From this homogenization emerges the visual imagination. While the second presented some of the patterns of the image in his poetry، which were distributed among the types of image (partial، total، chromatic، and visual). Then the study concluded with the most important results.
Keywords: Al-Kumait، partial image، macro image، color image.

Text thresholds are not just a passing referral addition or tab; Rather، it is a creative artistic station، which has its own artistic specificity، which most likely translates the creative performance dimension into it. This is not a desire to put pressure on the textual threshold by loading it with something that does not concern it. Rather، a lot of evidence is now revealing what the threshold bears from the signs of experimentation of the contemporary poet، especially the poets of the nineties Iraqi generation. Whether it was conscious or subconscious of the poet، there are modernist representations that look at the threshold، such as the threshold of the title، which this study came to critically delve into what we call (the rhymed title)، and that is only a translation of the modernist dimension of the poetic text of the poets of experimentation; Especially the Iraqi poets of the nineties generation whose publications provided a climate for the approaches of this research، through eleven collections of poetry. It is one of the publications of the Arab Writers Union، which guarantees it a level of privacy، as it is not issued by an ordinary house or institution with a commercial، beneficial purpose in what is published. Rather، there is evidence that it is a union that embraces the productions of the creations of Arab poets in particular، such as the Iraqi poets، including the poets during the nineties، among whom were those who signed the poetic statements of the nineties. So that this study comes carrying its critical justification in selection، and it is divided، after the summary of the research and the preface، into three investigations: the first is (the rhymed title - importance and rhythm-); While the second came in (the external rhymed address). This will be followed by the third topic entitled (The rhymed Internal Address)، and the conclusion will come after that، absorbing the results of the research.

The term meta-narrative refers to a set of profound changes in postmodern fiction writing. One of the most prominent changes on which the meta-narrative novel was based is the self-reflexive technology in which the subject of the narrative is the narrative itself. Through it the novel has its own world. Instead of the novel refracting reality، it has regressed against the literature itself. Self-reflexivity means awareness of the novel itself، that is، the novel reverts and bends on itself، as it takes place through the self-awareness from which the author proceeds in his narrative production. This is what distinguished the meta-narrative novel from the traditional novel. Through intent، self-awareness، and reflexivity، the novel has achieved its quality as a literary discourse that is always shifting and open، and is more inclined towards destroying the familiar and making the novel reveal itself and the lives and sufferings of its writers، which makes the text a permanent interpretation and analysis in the hands of readers.

Poets have been interested since ancient times in alienation and nostalgia since it has accompanied poetry throughout the ages. The poet expresses what he feels in himself، and the pain and deep sadness he suffers from، caused by the separation of family، loved ones، and friends، as well as his distance from the homeland. The poetry of alienation represented a mirror of the poet›s soul and his inner selves، in which he reflected some of the images of the social life accompanying him، which embodied the suffering of the human soul. This phenomenon appeared in the poetry of Al-Abiwardi، and I found it in his book Al-Zakherbaha. He plunged into its shores and dived into its depths. Al-Abiwardi is not the only poet interested in this phenomenon، but also many scholars waded through this phenomenon، until it became clear to most researchers. In light of this، the study regressed in two axes: spatial alienation and temporal alienation.

The new novel، which belongs to the world of postmodernism، presented advanced revelations in the field of research and investigation about the fate of man and his intellectual، cultural and ecological transformations. Thus، the new novel departed from the centrality of man and entered into the dialectic of questioning these perceptions، revealing the excluded and marginalized in the human experience، and its impact on the imagination of existential perceptions related to questions (presence and absence)، and the fate of post-digital human beings، and its relationship to ecological perceptions، not as a place that refers to the interior (nature / aesthetically)، but as a partner that bears the characteristic of vulnerability and influence. Through these questions، a person may reach answers that bring him closer to nature and restore the missing intimacy between them because of the sin of the first man and the reproduction of this sin and its different stages of development. The labyrinths presented by Burhan Shawi are a cultural and ecological reading of these repercussions. This research paper attempts to explain them and reveal their implications by relying on the ecological approach overlapping with cultural criticism.
Keywords: the imagination of cultural and ecological perceptions، digitalization، human digitization، history and memory).

The author rebelled a lot against himself and the narrative style. Novelists keep looking for sanctuaries that prevent falling into the forbidden in the tactical novels. In these circumstances the need became a creative pattern that reconsiders everything and calls for reading the problems of society in a new way with the establishment of taste or awareness. Time was enough to give us the opportunity، and the goal is to read the Iraqi reality in a way that indicates that it has a large horizon capacity and subjugating the structure in time of war and sanction and the collapse of the concept of the state to its intellectual and cognitive scalpel، Carrying out the process of dissecting the huge amount of problems that ravaged society and as a natural product of the wars and crises that occurred with the modern history of Iraq. The experimental framework was distinguished by its depth and complexity through rapid and sudden transitions in the narration within the text and scrutiny through a group of people who were moving within a simple space of an authoritarian nature dominated by the father، reading reality indicates that it has a greater capacity and the collapse of the concept of the state to the intellectual project، and highlights the craftsmanship and beauty from the place of event and the use of The accurate description of the reader›s entry into the atmosphere and the philosophical and suggestive approach makes the reader know which literary text he has entered into and to be careful in.

The manuscripts were and still represent a precious heritage among the Arab and non-Arab nations. The investigators sought to remove the dust of the obsolescence of years from them by investigating and publishing them for scientific investigation and publication. In study، the research sought to trace and serve our Arab scientific heritage by eploring the section (morphological balance) from (Tawshih al-Wafiyya with Sufficient Meanings by Mawla Muhsin bin Muhammad Tahir al-Qazwini). This is because of the indispensable importance of this section in the science of morphology.
The research was keen to present this text، achieving a scientific study as wanted by its author or close to what he wanted.

Since poetry is easier to memorize and sticks in memory than the prose text، some linguists، grammarians، and other scholars in many branches of knowledge deliberately organized the origins of their sciences and their ramifications in rhymed poems in order to facilitate the students in memorizing them and recalling what supports their opinion in a timely manner. Examples of this are Alfiya Ibn Malik and Alfiya Ibn Muti in grammar، and Al-Jazariyyah in readings. Among these well-articulated educational texts was the poem of Abi Ahmad، Muhammad bin Mansour Al-Yashkari (d. 370 AH)، which is the oldest systematised poem that reached us in grammar. The number of its verses reached 2900 verses، in which its rhyme accommodated the issues of grammar and morphology. Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi (d. 745 AH) had the virtue of finding it and selecting verses from it، not all of them، so he preserved for us some of a text whose origin has been lost and forgotten، and he used it in his encyclopedic book (The Ticket)، and it is one of the books of Abu Hayyan، which included many opinions and issues that are rare or whose origins no longer exist.

This study intends to introduce the personality of the poet Ali bin Al-Haysam، as one of the literary and poetic personalities who lived in the fifth century AH. The books of translations have mentioned that the poet left a collection of poetry، but this collection has not reached us. Therefore، this study tried hard to collect what is left of his poetry، which was distributed in books of literature، language، history، and translations.