Engineering and Technology Journal

Titanium and its alloys are widely used for orthopedic applications due to their
high biocompatibility. Vanadium-free Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy has been developed as a
potential alloy for providing improved corrosion and wear resistance for orthopedic
implant devices, and to avoid the toxicity of vanadium ion.
This work deals with the dependence of corrosion parameter of Ti-6Al-7Nb
alloy on compositional variation in the phases resulting from various heat treatments.
Electrochemical examinations were applied made in blood plasma solution involving
potential –time and dynamic polarizations for Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy of various heat
treatments.
The corrosion parameters obtained from open circuit potential, and
potentiodynamic polarization for the alloy Ti-6Al-7Nb were superior for specimen
developed by solution treatment at 950oC and air cooled followed by aging in
comparison with that of other treatments

The chemical substance dissolved in rain water are generally considered to have two atmospheric
sources, dry fallout and/or soluble salts. The present study deals with the rain water year 1995-1996 at
Baghdad city were expressed in term of monthly averages of the collected samples . The concentrations
values of cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na) and anions (Cl, SO4 and HCO3),were expressed as average
annual. All ions concentration, are found to be within the excepted range of fresh water. These results
were compared with rain water year 1985-1986. Appreciable reduction in concentrations of both cations
and anions have been recorded, and the percentages of reduction are ranging between 28% to 84%.
Moreover, by adopting fractionation factor, the results revealed that the sea water have less contribution
of all ions concentration than other sources (local activities). The results of the chemical analysis were
dealt with statistically by using cluster and factor analysis

In the present work, the response time of p-n junction photo-detector has been achieved by using the rapid thermal
annealing (RTA) technique in which the annealing time has been ranged from (5-25) s at (773 K) the result shows a good
improvement in the time constant of the detector and it has beast result at (15) s which reach to (26.81) ns for (905) nm
wavelength of GaAlAs laser

This research deals with the study of the effect of fibers volume
fraction and fibers orientation on the thermal conductivity and wall surface
temperatures for composite specimen in form of Lee’s disk by using
experimental work and finite element technique. The results show that
the thermal conductivity increases with increasing fiber volume fraction of
the composite specimen, and in the longitudinal direction is larger than in
the lateral fiber direction.The experimental results indicated that the largest
value of the thermal conductivity for the composite specimen was (0.611
W/m.°c) at (Vf = 40 %) in the longitudinal direction, while the lowest value
was (0.195 W/m.°c) at (Vf = 10 %) in the lateral direction. Also the results
show that the maximum difference for the thermal conductivity between the
experimental work and finite element method was ( 7 % ) at ( Vf = 10 % )
in the lateral direction while the minimum value was ( 3.5 % ) at ( Vf = 40
% ) in the longitudinal direction

In this work a colloid of nanocrystalline ZnO particles is prepared by
chemical method, and then sprayed on porous silicon substrate which is prepared
by electrochemical etching under a current density of 15mA/cm2 for 10 min. The
initial radius of the ZnO particles is found to be (2.2 nm). FTIR spectra exhibit the
presence of Zn – O bond which indicates the formation of ZnO particles. Also
spectra reveals the formation of SiHx (x=1-2) and Si-O bond which indicates the
presence of porous layer. High performance rectifying was obtained, with high
photoresponsivety of 0.54 A/W at 400 nm. The corresponding quantum efficiency
was 166.7%.The results show that ZnO on porous silicon (PS) structures will act as
good candidates for making highly efficient photodiodes

In the present work tubular –shaped fiber reinforced composites were
manufactured by using two types of resin epoxy (EP) and unsaturated polyester
(UP),each was separately reinforced with glass, carbon and kevlar-49 fibers (filament
and woven roving), hybrid reinforcement composites of these fibers were also
prepared. The adhesion force test of the prepared specimens was carried out. These
adhesion forces exhibited a peak value at a percent of hardener/resin (H/R)= 3% for
UP matrix with all type of fiber arrangements while 30% was obtained for EP matrix
.Such behavior was declined with increase in temperatures. Glass transition
temperatures were determined from these measurements, and found to be 90°C for EP–
glass and 83 °C for UP –glass composites

Magnetic fields with two densities (1200 , 3200)gauss experminted on two
kinds of bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in Nutrient broth
media . The field subjected for (1,2,3) weeks, and the growth monitored using
optical density (OD) method.
The results shows greatest effects of 3200 gauss than 1200 gauss on bacteria
growth comparing with control sample after third week. The OD resulte of bacteria
Escherichia coli (0.3) with 3200 gauss and (6) with 1200 gauss comparing with
control sample(175.4) and bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (1) with 3200 gauss,
and (10) with 1200 gauss comparing with control sample (174.4).

The objective of this work was to study the feasibility of using coal
slurry for the removal of SO2 from simulated flue gas stream (air,
SO2). The effect of gas rate, temperature, and initial SO2
concentration on the overall removal efficiency was investigated at
wet and dry bed conditions. The results indicated that the optimum
gas rate was 60 l /min. The SO2 removal efficiency was highly
temperature sensitive, and increases with increasing the bed
temperature especially at wet bed conditions and decreases with
increasing SO2 initial concentration. A mathematical model for the
desulfurization process was proposed based on the material balance
for gaseous and solid phase streams. The model was found to give a
very good description of the experimental data with 95% confidence
level.

The compressive strength was investigated for epoxy resin type (DGEBA) before and after
reinforcing with glass fibers (woven roven, chopped strand mat, and two types together as a
sandwich composite), with different volume fractions was prepared. The samples have been
irradiation with γ-ray with a Co60 source for (1055 hrs) with irradiation dose (0-156) KGray at
room temperature (20±2Co).The compressive strength calculated for all samples after
irradiation. The results showed that the compressive strength of epoxy samples increased after
reinforcing with glass fibers, and increased with increasing of volume fractions while the
compressive strength was decreased for all samples after irradiated with γ-ray.

This paper deals with the effect of stabilizing gypseous soil using two liquid Asphalt
types (cutback and emulsion) on its behavior in shear strength and rebound
consolidation.
Soil-Asphalt specimens had been constructed using various percentages of both liquid
Asphalt types. One group of such specimens were tested in the direct shear box
apparatus to determine the effect of liquid Asphalt on shear strength, cohesion and
angle of internal friction using the unconsolidated un drained test.
Another group of the specimens were subjected to one dimensional confined
compression test using both dry and saturated testing conditions in the consolidation
apparatus.
The effect of liquid Asphalt on the behavior of mixes in consolidation and rebound
consolidation was studied.
It was concluded that gypseous soil is usually stiff in the dry condition, but it is weak
and had a collapsible behavior when saturated. The addition of liquid Asphalt provides
cohesion strength to the soil mass and also acts as a waterproof agent. It creates a type
of elastic properties and reduces the total strain.

From past the architecture dealing with pre experiments for benefit to product
and the smith the new by many tactics, because the dogmatic reality by
necessity of past to make the present and throw up to the future. Moreover,
because the architecture need to the references, forms and thoughts from the
past it was focused in electic from these which is singular and distinguishes.
From here the act of the historical index’s was appeared as an important part
from parts of formation of the thoughtfully structures for community
architecture and as a necessary natural treasure for all of composition of the
values of community subjunctives.
And for framing the general understanding for this situation that is very
important to be declaring all general and specific surrounded ides (in
architecture or outside). To transport after that for a role point related by
necessary of this situation in appearing of the transporting, and a real
accumulization act, For a conventions which is make a thoughtfully
community structure , and In the from that insurance the continuity vigor
effect the basic sides of community structures in the new formation

Two – dimensional, steady natural convection in a rectangular
cavity filled with a heat generating saturated porous medium has been
studied numerically for the case when the vertical walls of the cavity are
isothermal and the horizontal walls are either adiabatic or cold. Finite
difference method was used to transform the momentum and energy
equations from the differential form to the algebraic form; relaxation
method was used to solve the momentum equation, while (L.S.O.R.)
method was used to solve the energy equation for Rayleigh No. ranges (10
≤ Ra ≤ 104). Results are presented in terms of the stream lines and
isotherms, the maximum temperature in the cavity and intermediate Nusselt
number. The thermal convection flow together with the uniform heat
generating produces a highly stratified medium at high Rayleigh numbers.
The horizontal wall boundary condition changes from adiabatic to cold
reduces (max) also it is found that heat transfer increases with increasing

Similar Plates of stainless steel (AISI 316L) and dissimilar plates of
stainless steel (AISI 316L) and low carbon steel (Ck15) are welded by brazing
using copper base non- active filler metal alloys in furnaces with inert gas
atmospheres The specimens were inserted in special container called (Retort) filled
by inert gas(argon) during brazing process with flow rate (1-2 litter / min). Three
types of filler metal alloys DINL- Ag20Cd , AWSRB CuZn-C , AWS RB Cu Zn –
D were used with changing the brazing time (5 , 10) min at given temperature
suitable for each filler metal alloy . Many or various mechanical and metallurgical
tests were carried out including single shear test, double shear test and tensile shear
test, in addition to the microstructure and x-ray diffraction inspection for each
similar and dissimilar welds. It was shown that single and double butt joints of the

There are many methods for solving Fractional Programming problems that
getting the optimal solution of the problem where the values of variables are
fractional numbers not integer numbers, But when there are conditions in the
problem that requires the result is optimal integer solution, that is the resulted
variables values was numerical integer, At that time we must turn to a method that
we get from it the integer solution of the problem. That is the subject of the
research where we will employ an algorithm of the method (Modify Surrogate
Cutting Plane to solve linear integer programming problems) to find integer
solution of Fractional Programming problems that after getting a view at Fractional
Programming and Integer Programming.

An optical system has been designed with spherical lenses to focus high power (~
kJ) , Nd-YAG laser (1.06)μm with 55mm beam diameter to spot size diameter
(1.248μm ). Minimum number and thin lenses were used in the design. The spot
diagram, the point spread function (PSF), and accumulated energy , were used as
parameters to qualify the performance of the system.
The results show the high quality of the system for laser diameter less 55mm and
the a spherical lenses are necessary for larger diameters