Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Humanities Sciences

In both the settler colonial and the Indigenous decolonial discourses, Turtle Island, Canada occupies a central position. Settlers sought to claim ownership and control over Indigenous land by turning it into a colonial urbanized space to erase the Indigenous peoples and their cultures. On the other hand, Indigenous Canadian writers, including Duncan Mercredi, aimed to reclaim their indigenous space by dismantling the colonial space through different strategies. However, disrupting the colonial urban space in Mercredi’s selected poetry in the light of Leanne Betasamosake Simpson’s concept of Biskaabiiyang to reclaim an Indigenous space through cultural resurgence is not yet approached. Thus, this article aims at investigating the decolonizing processes through which Mercredi creates an indigenous space of resistance, resurgence and emergence. The article applies the ideas in Simpson’s Dancing On Our Turtle’s Back: Stories of Nishnaabeg Re-creation, Resurgence, and a New Emergence (2011), specifically the concept of resurgence through Biskaabiiyang which she literally defines as “returning to ourselves”. The article concludes that restoring the Indigenous space is achievable by reconnecting the Indigenous peoples to their land through cultural resurgence which involves revitalizing elements of Indigenous culture such as storytelling, the concept of kinship, drumming and dancing in order to put an end to colonialism.

The research aims to clarify the problems of the Quranic readings on the meaning, and to try to solve them by means of language and grammar. The research included a paragraph (In the hands of the research) as an introduction to it, and in it Is a research on the hadith of the seven letters narrated from the Noble Messenger, peace be upon him, and an attempt, and the work of Uthman bin Affan\\\\'s collection of the Holy Quran and knowing the reason behind that, and then responding to the Quranic readings through these two matters, then the research moved to its main purpose, which is to respond to the Quranic readings by clarifying the difference in meaning through understanding the connotations of words, and clarifying the grammatical cases of the word (Malik) between raising, accusative and genitive, and clarifying the method of vocal performance in reading, and Its effect on the meaning in some of its joints, then putting the results extracted from the research, with a list of sources and references, and the summary in English.

The theory of rational action is a mathematical theory that literally and logically relies on \\"rational choice,\\" which can be calculated consciously. This theory plays a broad role in human affairs, and its entry point into this context makes it possible to link it to the field of anthropology, integrating our approach and mimicking it. Usually, this entry point uses a form of game theory to demonstrate \\"rational choice\\" in a precise mathematical way. From this, the concept of structure emerged from the axiomatic method, which seeks to identify the deep unity underlying many distinct mathematical branches. Thus, structure becomes a new classification basis. The axiomatic method, in its position here, allows for dealing with complex mathematical entities due to their properties and the grouping of these entities around specific concepts, categorizing these properties and concepts according to the structures they belong to. As a result, a single structure can be placed in multiple different contexts. Research by George Lako and Robert Powell has shown that rational choice theory has a metaphorical structure, and metaphorical thinking plays a crucial role in its application to any context. The aim of this analysis is to critique the classical philosophical conception of rationality. Our broader goal is to challenge the idea that the rational action model simply describes the world as it is and naturally governs all practical thinking in social action. Therefore, we can argue that the rational action model is imposed on humans, an attempt to apply a particular kind of mathematics, tied to a metaphorical link that is not rational without it. Hence, the theory of rational action cannot determine the situations in which it can be applied, unless its application is connected to the judgment of the human being himself and his view within the real context. To make such a judgment, one must use all available actual information and be aware of the metaphorical thinking and how it is used in any application of the theory.

In this research, we will try to shed light on the most important intellectual transformations in Arab sociological thought and sociological theories that contributed to the quantitative and qualitative expansion of social and development studies. The Arab world has witnessed urban transformations and fundamental changes in the social structure, development, progress and change in the value system, the role played by sociology in confronting the social challenges resulting from these changes, and the major socio-political effects that globalization has produced on Arab society.

Artistic activities are considered one of the most important pillars of modern education that should be provided to students, as they contribute to developing their creative skills, enhance their self-confidence, and help them express their feelings and ideas. It helps students develop their fine motor skills, concentration and patience. To enhance learners’ self-confidence, make them feel proud, and enhance self-confidence so that the student can overcome the shocks of academic failure and achieve success in the academic subjects in which he failed, and since failure School education represents a behavioral, psychological and social problem widespread in most societies, which causes psychological harm and harm to the student Which requires the teacher to behave well in this situation. It is advisable to focus on the safest dealing with those who have been exposed to the shock of failure or failure, as artistic activities can be used to develop patience and wisdom to deal with failure, whatever it may be. From this standpoint lies the importance of developing positive relationships between the student, the educational staff, and the educational advisor, his friends, or his teachers. This strong relationship is important when the student is exposed to psychological shock, as in those moments he needs someone to provide him with initial psychological advice to overcome or overcome that failure, and to identify the reasons for academic failure. And try to treat it, through artistic activities that help him enhance thinking and increase self-confidence, because failure is not the end of study, but it may be the beginning of future successes.

The research titled \"Narrative Images in the Works of the Iraqi Artist Mahmoud Shobber\" addressed the concept of narrative as one of the concepts that art deals with in general, whether visual or literary, especially in the works of the Iraqi visual artist Mahmoud Shobber, whose works often depict a narrative and epic aspect.
The research consists of four chapters: the first chapter deals with the methodological framework of the research, which includes the introduction, the research problem summarized in the question \"What are the images and mechanisms adopted by the artist Mahmoud Shobber in creating his artworks?\" The research objective was to \"identify the images and narrative construction mechanisms in visual art by the artist Mahmoud Shobber.\" The importance of the research lies in studying two artistic genres and the relationship between them, followed by the research boundaries and the definition of terms.
Chapter two deals with the theoretical framework that focuses on studying the concept of narrative, narrative construction mechanisms, the relationship between literary narration and visual narration, semiotic theory, and semantics. The research concluded with a set of indicators that assisted in analyzing the research sample. Moving on to chapter four, it discusses the research procedures, including the research community and sample. The researcher adopted a descriptive-analytical approach in analyzing the research sample consisting of three works. The research results were presented in chapter four, with one of the key findings being:
- The analysis of the research sample models shows that the artist Mahmoud Shabir tends to narrate his stories visually by resorting to the closed circular construction in order to focus on the image of the event and its dramatic details.
- The protagonist character and its symbolism occupy a large space within the pictorial surface and often take the center stage.
- The artist often resorts to simplification and reduction in forms in an attempt to focus on the central narrative event without being preoccupied with details that may distract the viewer and divert their gaze from the essence of the event, thus causing narrative dispersion.
- The artist tries to utilize language by introducing written texts and phrases on the pictorial surface as a way to blend visual and literary narration to enrich the reception aura and interpretive effectiveness.
- On the technical level, the artist relies on transitioning the brushstrokes between color surfaces and clear spaces to intermittent color touches at times, and spiral, curved touches at other times, in order to activate the visual narrative dynamism and move away from a state of stagnation that could potentially lead to a feeling of boredom. Here, the artist plays with brushstroke movement to create a comfortable visual rhythm for the eye on one hand, and carries its expressive connotations on the other hand. The research concludes with a list of sources and summaries.

The Islamic political thought has undergone deep and complex development throughout the ages, with diverse intellectual and critical approaches. Among the thinkers who provided new perspectives for understanding this thought is the Algerian intellectual Muhammad Arkoun, who used rational and critical tools to examine traditional Islamic thought. By offering an in-depth study on Islam and rationalism in Islamic political thought, Arkoun explored the role of rationalism in the development of political thought in the Islamic heritage. He sharply criticized the traditional concepts that prevailed in early Islamic thought and emphasized the importance of using rationalism as a method to understand both religion and politics simultaneously. Arkoun argued that, through his various historical interpretations, Islam had been constrained by a narrow traditional understanding that separates religion from rationalism, which negatively impacted the development of Islamic political thought. Accordingly, Arkoun sought to offer a new approach that combines faith in reason as an effective critical tool with the analysis of religious and political texts based on modern rational concepts.
The research aims to clarify the relationship between Islam and rationalism within the framework of Islamic political thought according to Muhammad Arkoun’s views. It focuses on analyzing the development of Islamic political thought and how rationalism has influenced the development of political ideas in Islamic history. Arkoun’s critique of traditional concepts is also discussed, along with how the Islamic political heritage can be rethought using modern rational tools. The study highlights the potential for reconciling rationalism and Islam in political contexts, offering a new reading of the history of Islamic political thought from a critical and philosophical perspective.

Edgar Allan Poe\'s “The Oval Portrait” offers a compelling exploration of the concept of immortality through art. So, the article discusses how art can serve as a means of achieving a form of eternal existence. It concentrates on the ability of art to transcend the limits of physical existence and obtain a form of immortality to its identity. An analysis of “The Oval Portrait” is presented in the light of the controversial relation between art and death. The article illuminates the ambiguities of art in its relationship with the contradictory concepts of life and death in the artwork. The creativity of art leads, at its completion, into a condition of life after death. This article summarizes Poe\'s feeling of yearning to maternal and romantic love in his own life. The analysis highlights the artist\'s skill in transforming the lady into a symbol of enduring beauty and a living spirit, and ultimately achieving immortality through art.

The aim of the research was to identify:
1- Memory neglect among graduate students.
2- The significance of statistical differences in memory neglect according to the variables: gender (males - females) and Specialization (Scientific - Humanities)
3-Psychological differentiation among graduate students.
4-- The significance of statistical differences in psychological differentiation according to the variables: gender (males - females) and Specialization (Scientific - Humanities).
5 - The significance of differences in the correlation between memory neglect and psychological differentiation among graduate students.
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher relied on the following:
The researcher adopted the memory neglect scale prepared by (Sedikides & Green, 2000), which consisted of two axes, each axis containing two domains: new, trustworthy, untrustworthy, pleasant, unpleasant) (complaining, not complaining, modest, unmodest), and the scale consisted of (32) paragraphs distributed over Each field has 8 paragraphs, and a three-point scale. The researcher also prepared a psychological differentiation scale based on a number of previous studies and scales. It consists of 28 paragraphs, and a five-point scale. The researcher applied the scale to a sample of 248 graduate students, 99 males and 149 females, for the academic year 2024-2025. The results were as follows
1- Graduate students in general use memory neglect and there are no differences in terms of gender and specialization.
2-Graduate students in general have a high level of psychological differentiation and no differences in terms of gender and specialization.
3-The correlation between memory neglect and psychological differentiation among graduate students came The higher the degree of memory neglect, the greater the psychological differentiation.
The research concluded with a discussion of the results and the presentation of some recommendations and suggestions.

The current study includes an important variable of social psychology variables, as the concept of intellectual deviation generally refers to a group of ideological ideas that have religious, political, literary or artistic ideologies based on an absolute truth, which causes a gap between him and the social fabric in which he lives, so he is isolated for himself and his group and hinders community interaction (Al-Khatib 2006: 58).
This study aimed to identify intellectual deviation among university students / Faculty of Arts and whether there are statistically significant differences between the gender variable (males and females) in this variable among students for the academic year 2024/2025 The sample consisted of (100) male and female students at Al-Qadisiyah University / College of Arts. They were selected by random selection. The researcher adopted a scale to measure intellectual deviation (by Al-Zaydi and Al-Zahrawi 2022) consisting of (23) paragraphs according to (Robert Merton\\'s stress theory) and its definition. The researcher verified their validity and stability and analyzed their paragraphs statistically using a set of psychological measurement tools, including the T-test for two independent samples and Pearson\\'s correlation coefficient. The results showed that there was no trait of intellectual deviation among students and there were no statistically significant differences between males and females in this trait.
Based on the results reached by the researcher, she recommends some recommendations and suggestions at the end of the study.

The current study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the motivational arousal strategy in developing positive thinking and their tendencies towards the subject among fifth-grade literary students in history. To verify the research objective, the following two null hypotheses were formulated:
1-There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study according to the motivational arousal strategy and the control group students who study according to the usual method in developing positive thinking.
2- There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study according to the motivational arousal strategy and the control group students who study in the usual way in their inclinations towards the subject.
The researchers chose the experimental design with partial control for two equal groups, one of them is experimental, and the other is a control with a post-test, and the researchers randomly chose a sample of fifth-grade literary students from Al-Hakim Secondary School for Boys in Al-Midhatiyah district in the province of Babylon for the academic year (2021-2022) and the sample consisted of (57) A student with (29) students in Division (A) and (28) in Division (B) using a simple random drawing method. Division (A) was chosen as the experimental group, and Division (B) as the control group.
The researchers formulated behavioral goals based on the first three levels of Bloom\'s classification (knowledge, understanding, and application) for the cognitive domain. A group, and the researchers prepared two tools: the first tool is a scale for developing positive thinking (type of multiple choice with four alternatives) and the scale in its final form consists of (45) items, after making sure of its validity, stability and all psychometric properties of the research, while the second tool is the slope scale Towards the subject of history, the scale consists of 35 paragraphs and three alternatives.
The data was processed statistically using the statistical package (SPSS) and the program (Microsoft Excel), and after analyzing the results statistically, the researchers reached the following:
The students of the experimental group who studied using the motivational arousal strategy outperformed the students of the control group who studied using the usual method in developing positive thinking.
The students of the experimental group who studied using the motivational arousal strategy outperformed the students of the control group who studied using the usual method in their inclinations towards the subject.
In light of the results of the current research, the researchers reached a number of conclusions about teaching using the motivational arousal strategy, and a number of recommendations were recommended, and a set of future suggestions were suggested from studies.

It is important to study important historical figures, which have an effective impact on the policies of countries and decision-making, and it is necessary to shed light on these figures who had an impact on national positions and resistance against the colonization of peoples, French colonization, which played an important role in the history of Syria through their participation in political and economic life is the figure of Nasuh Al-Bukhari, who became Prime Minister of Syria in 1939, and his way of dealing with political matters and preserving the rights of the people before the rights of politicians, and before the rights of parties

Many of the digital platforms made available by these contribute to displaying news in general, and news of violence and crime in particular, and they are circulated on Facebook platforms, which contain violence and incitement, which affects the recipient, and more importantly, increases the danger to society of what they broadcast and panic in society due to lack of reassurance and security. Researching user interaction with programs and criminal news on Users with programs and criminal news on the pages of news sites on Facebook. Research. To find out the reasons for following criminal news through the pages of news sites on Facebook. Therefore, the researcher used the social survey approach and selected a random research sample of 50 respondents. She concluded that the effects associated with anxiety, fear, and sense of sin are the most important. As a result of exposure to crime content on the pages of news websites, the introduction of the effects resulting from this exposure came. The feeling of anxiety about the future of this country in light of these crimes committed came to the forefront of these effects, followed by the respondents’ lack of feeling of societal safety. Then, the respondents expected crimes that would be more threatening to society due to their frequent follow-up of the crimes. Then, a feeling of fear for oneself and for family members

This study aims to clarify the role of civil society organizations and their contribution in mitigating or collaborating with official entities to address the problem of school bullying in Iraqi society after 2003, following the fall of the former regime. The exceptional circumstances, challenges, and international, regional, and national conflicts that emerged during this period negatively impacted the performance of official institutions. Consequently, civil society organizations stepped in to confront numerous social issues, with school bullying being one of the most prominent.

This study adopts a social analysis framework, utilizing a historical methodology. It concludes that bullying behavior is widespread within school environments and can escalate into violence. The study also highlights that domestic violence and its effects contribute to the emergence of school bullying. Furthermore, civil society organizations—particularly those aligned with educational frameworks or engaged in educational initiatives—play a significant role in addressing this issue. The study emphasizes that these organizations, in collaboration with official or other entities, can develop serious strategies to combat school bullying.

Finally, the study recommends prioritizing children’s welfare and nurturing them as future builders through coordinated efforts among families, schools, and civil society organizations. This approach aims to confront school bullying and encourage researchers to conduct further studies on this phenomenon, especially given the crises facing contemporary society.

This research comes third in the order in which I have studied Arabic phonetic syllables individually. It was preceded by: The Extended Syllabus in Arabic: A Study of Form and Performance; The Extended Syllabus in Arabic: A Study of the Position of Pause and Connection; and the third—the subject of the research—which is concerned with the study of an important phonetic syllable in the Arabic language, as it consists of a consonant, a short vowel, and two adjacent consonants at the end, such as the word (\'abd) when paused. Some modern scholars know it as the \"extra syllable.\" This name has its justification, as will become clear in the following research. This research has extensively studied this passage in Arabic, expanding on what modern scholars have said about it, including its nature, its unique characteristics, its formation, and its various forms. It also examines its instances, which are evident in the Arabic structures of the Holy Qur\'an, the sevenfold and non-sevenfold Qur\'anic readings, and classical Arabic poetry, as well as whether these instances occur in pauses or in conjunctions. What is striking is that this passage has sparked controversy among modern.

Corruption in the education sector in particular poses a threat to the foundation, cohesion and well-being of society, as it limits the ability of society as a whole to form and prepare its educated and moral individuals qualified to lead it in the future. Its negative consequences may reach the loss of confidence in society in having a fair or effective education system, and the belief that the education service is provided for the benefit of one social class, in addition to the lack of confidence in the judgment and evaluation of teachers of students' performance. Corruption in education affects the social and economic development of society, leading to a decline in the quality of education and the level of skills and competencies among young people, which reduces the chances of obtaining good jobs and affects the economic development of the country. The researcher addressed the scourge of corruption in the education system and relied on the descriptive analytical approach. The research aimed to identify the causes and effects of the scourge of corruption in the education system, while reaching several conclusions, the most important of which is that corruption in education threatens the well-being of society because it leads to the erosion of social trust and the exacerbation of inequality. It also sabotages development by undermining the formation of educated, competent and moral individuals for future leadership and the workforce.

The current research addressed the relationship between the variable of moral thinking and the variable of Psychological Hardiness among university students. Research objectives: To identify: (1- To identify moral thinking among university students, 2- To identify Psychological Hardiness among university students, 3- To identify the differences in moral thinking among university students according to the gender variable (males - females), 4- The differences in Psychological Hardiness among university students according to the gender variable (males - females), 5- To identify the relationship between moral thinking and Psychological Hardiness among university students).Research method: The descriptive correlational approach. Research sample: The number of (200) male and female university students. Research tools: Two scales were constructed for the researcher's variables (moral thinking and Psychological Hardiness) based on the two theories adopted in the current research, and the validity and reliability of the two scales were conducted. Statistical methods: The research data were processed using statistical methods that are compatible with the nature and objectives of the research through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Research results: (1- University students have statistically significant high moral thinking 2- University students have a statistically significant high level of Psychological Hardiness, 3- There are no differences in moral thinking according to gender, 4- There are no differences in Psychological Hardiness according to the gender variable, 5- There is a direct correlation between the variables of moral thinking and Psychological Hardiness at a significance level of (0.05), The research results were interpreted according to the two research theories adopted in the current study. The study concluded with recommendations, including: (To the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, work to direct those responsible for the educational process to hold awareness workshops for students aimed at teaching students how to deal with Psychological Hardiness and how to make their decisions through ethical thinking), and suggestions, including: (Study variables on different samples, such as samples of counselors, nurses, and samples suffering from diabetes).