Iraqi Journal of Science and Technology

Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) method was used to determine some of the most important components in chicken bones (Na, Ca and P) The isotopic neutron source (Am241-Be) was used to irradiate samples of poultry bones with six weeks aged and (4 gm) weight for (1000 sec). When measured the concentration of the above elements find that keeping the natural ratio of calcium to phosphorus concentration with a specific percentage of sodium is very important in giving the best increase in weight and that its disruption specially in the growth stage leads to decrease in the efficiency of metabolism and weight loss, as well as measuring the radioactivity resulting from the isotopes that make up the models.

Health services and their development are important topics because they are related to human life, and it always needs proper planning to determine its locations according to population density and people\'s need for it. In this study, the data on health services in the city of Baghdad was used to create a database that can be updated and developed according to the data for the year 2019, namely the geographical locations of government and private hospitals and various health centers. The maps were made using Geographic Information Systems. The final results showed that the number of private hospitals is (52) hospitals, the percentage of (51.49%), which is more than the government hospitals, which are (49) hospitals, in the percentage of (48.51%) in the city of Baghdad, the number of health institutions at the Karkh side is less than the number of health institutions at the Rusafa side with a higher population density, where the percentage of its population is 57.63% of the total population of the Baghdad city. Specialized hospitals are concentrated at the Rusafa side and there were no analogues at the Karkh side, most institutions concentrated in district centers and fewer in their outskirts.

An economic evaluation to wind potential of five locations in the middle and south of IRAQ to select the most three promising among them. The procedure is carried out by simulating three different turbines with different power (750, 1500 and 2500kW) using a database of GUSUN Atlas for IRAQ. Power coefficient of them (8-13%), (11-17%) and (13-21%), respectively show a long payback period, and the wind turbine type Asynchronous 690 (the third) is the best turbine to work in these areas because the power factor of this turbine is higher than others reached to (13-21%), so the energy extracted from this turbine is higher than other turbines too (2807-4290 MWh), and thus the recovery period for investment amounts will be shorter than others, and the order of priority of the three elected regions to operate this turbine are in order as fallows the Shihabi- Wasit, then Ali al-Gharbi- Maysan and Shabja- An Najaf.

The experiment was carried out in one of the fields of the Agricultural Research Center in Abu Ghraib of the year 2022 for the purpose of making a comparison between the manufacture device and the Dillon device, studying the effect of three different equipment represented by the disc harrows, the packers and the seeder with three levels of depths 5 cm and 10 cm And 15 cm in the performance of the New Holland tractor, the following characteristics were studied: slip percentage, traction force, drawbar power, and fuel consumption. According to an experiment (3 * 3) applied with (RCBD) Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications. The main factor was equipment and the secondary factor was depth. The significant differences between the averages were compared with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test (0.5%). Changing the type of the machine from disc harrows to packers and then to the seeders led to a significant decrease in the percentage rate of slippage and fuel consumption, and also a significant decrease in the traction force also by the two manufactured devices and (Dillon) device, also the pulling capacity sequentially because of the direct relationship between the drawbar power and the traction force.

The study dealt with the use of modern isotopic technologies in detecting radioactive contamination with the isotope of radon, Rn-222. Multiple samples of water were collected before entering the refinery and from within the units of the oil facility, all the way to the points where water was released into the Tigris River, for three seasonal periods represented by the months (February, June, October) 2023. It was noted that there was a slight discrepancy between the results of measuring the radon concentration of the samples according to their different locations, as the radon concentrations of the tower wash water ranged between (270 - 320 Bq/m3) for the three seasons, while the rates of radon concentrations for the Tigris River water samples were (112 - 148 Bq/m3). While samples of treated water in the industrial treatment unit, which is released from the refinery to the River, showed that, it was free of the isotope radon-222. All radon-222 values in the study area showed small percentages when compared with the maximum permissible pollution level of radon concentration in water. Low levels of radon concentrations were also observed in water samples of the Tigris River before and after the refinery, as there was no clear effect of contamination of the river water with oil waste. The radium content, which is the main source of the isotope radon-222, was measured and it was found that the study area is free of radium salts and lead element, which is one of the elements emitted after the dissolution of radon.

The research aims to study the chemical and physical properties of water drained from car wash stations and treat it and reuse it, to reduce fresh water consumption and remove pollutants. Water samples were collected from three car wash stations in Baghdad, the concentration of pollutants was estimated, based on these results treatment systems was designed. The results indicated that there is a variation in water properties between the three car wash stations. The values Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Chemical Oxygen Demands and Oils were ranged (118-349 NTU), (693-954 ppm), (95-292 ppm) and (13-70 ppm) respectively. The discharged water was treated using a mixture of lime, soda ash and alum. Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Chemical Oxygen Demands and Oils were decreased by (96.5%), (51.2%), (88.6%) and (93.8%) respectively.

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss various concepts and properties of modules theory. As well we introduce a new concept which is called a strongly supplement extending module if, each submodule of H is essential in a stable supplement of H. Also, this work goes further to study the relationships between the presenting concept and other provided concepts. Where is the concept presented is a proper generalization of strongly extending modules and strong than supplement extending modules. Additionally, studies the possibility of its inheritance. It also provided numerous descriptions and example.

This research presents a performance evaluation of the solar photovoltaic system connected to the grid with a capacity of 15kWp as real data and compares it with the hypothetical data of two simulation tools (PV-syst, SAM) to find out the extent of the deviation of the Heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar system from the hypothetical data. HIT PV Solar systems were installed in Baghdad city (Latitude 33.3 °N, Longitude 44.4 °E at 41m above Sea Level). The results were that the performance ratio (PR) is about 74% for the real system and is closer to the PV-Syst simulation tool at 79% compared to the simulated Performance Ratio (PR) of SAM at 83%. The difference between the energy output of the real system and PV-syst and SAM tool is 1164kWh, and 1138kWh respectively. The difference between PV-syst and SAM software tools is 26kWh. There are some evaluated results, most important expected photovoltaic losses that affect the module performance were estimated by PV-syst and SAM software tools due to irradiance level, and temperature losses were 0.51%, 7.61%, and 0.2%, 7%, respectively. The performance and productivity results of the PV system indicate the quality of performance of HIT technology in the climatic conditions of Baghdad city.

The current study aims to demonstrate the environmental impact on the ambient air in landfills in the city of Baghdad. Measurements of air pollutants (Gases, Suspended Particles) were conducted during the period from January to August 2021. The results showed that the concentrations of gases: Nitric dioxide (NO2), Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and Total Suspended Particles (TSP), Particulate Matter (PM2.5) slightly exceeded and recorded slight pollution in the ambient air of the landfills, except CO2 exceeded with p-value<0.05. As for methane (CH4) its concentrations did not exceed national or global limits. The high concentrations of gases measured are due to the decomposition of organic waste, waste-burning operations, and climatic factors. One of the reasons for the increased concentration of particles (TSP, PM2.5) is due to the effect of volatile waste particles in cases of loading or unloading waste, which increases its concentration. It was concluded there were gaseous emissions in varying proportions. So, its effect on the surrounding air is minimal, except CO2.

The education sector is one of the most important sectors related to building the future, achieving renaissance and comprehensive development of society. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the nature of the distribution of schools in Baghdad governorate of Iraq using Geo-statistical tools of Geographic Information System (GIS). The final results showed that the Geo-spatial distribution of schools (Primary, Secondary, and Preparatory) was concentrated in the center of Baghdad Governorate, while it decreased in the other areas, especially in the suburbs of city. The number of students exceeds the school\'s capacity. The city needs to build new schools, especially in its suburbs, to accommodate the number of students and reduce the crowding in existing schools.

Designing multi-cavity interference filters that combine a narrow bandpass with a flat-top shape is sophisticated as it requires difficult computer techniques and non-quarter wave stacks. This work proposes theoretical designs of three and four cavities of narrow bandpass optical filters. Tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) were used as high- and low-index materials, respectively, and fused silica for the substrate material. The transmittance spectra of these designs were plotted in MATLAB. The designs are straightforward and use an all-quarter-wave multilayer stack. All designs exhibited nearly ideal flat-top profiles, narrow bandwidths (3–6 nm), and transmittances of 0.93–0.95% in the IR range (1550 nm). These reliable designs are efficient for desirable applications in the infrared range.