Surra Man Ra'a

This research sheds light on the defects in the approach of some contemporary readings in dealing with the texts of the two revelations. The problem of the research lies in addressing one of the colors of the contemporary modernist intellectual deviation in understanding the texts of the two revelations and its impact on the Arab and Islamic intellectual arena, and it tries to answer the question: What are the foundations on which (Shahrour) built his understanding of the terms (the Messenger and the Prophet), by showing the corruption of the original The conceptual on which he built his position on these two terms and his understanding of them. The research plan, after the introduction and preface, included three chapters: The first: the concept of (the Messenger and the Prophet) and the sayings of scholars, the second: the significance of the terms (the Messenger and the Prophet) when (Shahrour) and the distinction between them. The third: discussion and analysis of the views of (Shahrour). Among the most prominent results of the research is that the (Shahrour) project is an extension of the contemporary modernist secular intellectual project and is based on the total separation between the Qur’an and the Prophet’s Sunnah. And the abolition of the role of the Prophet’s Sunnah in legislation in general, and that the concept of “contemporary reading” for him means projecting material philosophical theories on the Qur’anic text, and controlling it through modern European material philosophies, and its methodology is based on arbitrary control and selectivity to other results mentioned in the conclusion of the research.

There is no doubt that the issue of repentance is one of the most important issues in human religious thought, because of the reward or punishment that results from it. Therefore, the heavenly religions have spoken about this subject clearly, and this is what researchers find clear in Islam, but this clarity found in the Holy Qur’an is not found in Judaism, as it extended to the story of Adam - peace be upon him - a lot of distortions that were taken from myths and legends, and this in turn led to the followers of the Jewish religion falling into many perverted beliefs related to the issue of repentance.
Sin was the basic idea in the Jewish religion, and repentance from it was the main concern of the Jewish legislation, and accordingly the Jewish society was a society of sins and a society of repentance, atonement and forgiveness at the same time, Repentance is a great door in Islam, as it opens the door of hope for every Muslim to return to goodness, to return to the truth, and to righteous deeds. Islam leaves the space between the Muslim and his Lord – may He be glorified and exalted. Repent and obtain forgiveness from Allah Almighty.

The opinions of the advanced readers and grammarians are considered a beacon that illuminates those who came after them. Therefore, the subject of this research was "the proof and argument for the reading of Al-Kasa'i in Al-Qurtubi's interpretation, in order to study and discuss Al-Kasa'i's approach, and to extract those valuable grammatical opinions from Al-Qurtubi's interpretation, And presenting it to other opinions, and weighting between them, and presenting the reading of Al-Kasa’i and its correction to the scholars of his time and his predecessors, in order to demonstrate that great grammatical, morphological and semantic value, and that great effort that he made, so the research revolves around the orbit of a great scholar; An imam in readings, grammar and morphology. The importance of this study is evident through its presentation of a very important idea, which is represented by its presentation of the impact of Al-Kasai’s reading in terms of grammar, morphology and semantics, and its impact on the Qur’anic significance, and the statement of those different meanings for each aspect.

That one of the most useful sciences and the first of them to distract attention is the knowledge of the interpretation of the Qur’an, but it is one of the most honorable sciences. I chose – after thinking and consulting – to study and verify a part of a footnote related to the interpretation of the Noble Qur’an, which is the footnote of Mawla Sinan al-Din al-Amasi (may God have mercy on him) on the interpretation of Anwar al-Tanzel by al-Baydawi (may God have mercy on him). This is not the only footnote on this interpretation, as there are many footnotes to it, and this footnote was one of them.
This footnote contained various sciences, with which he enriched his entourage, such as language, rhetoric, interpretation, grammar, jurisprudence, poetry, readings, and others.

Praise be to God، Lord of the Worlds، and prayers be upon our Master Muhammad and his family and all his companions
Islamic law preserved the fetus، especially after the soul was ordered into it، and the method of forming the fetus according to what was mentioned in the Holy Qur’an and the purified Sunnah of the Prophet، as the Messenger of God، may God bless him and grant him peace، explained to us the method of forming the fetus، where he said: ((One of you gathers his creation in the womb. He will be blastocyst within forty days، then he will be a embryo like that، then he will be a lump of flesh like that، then God will send an angel and he will be ordered to do four things،.)
The research talks about the rights of the fetus that was born from the union of a male and female in an illegal way، either through adultery or rape، and the words of the jurists regarding the permissibility of aborting this fetus born from a case of adultery or rape.

The researcher provides definitions of poison as per linguistic, jurisprudential, biological, medical and nuclear physical perspectives. Additionally, relevant lexical terms related to the topic were introduced and linguistically defined such as antidote and medication. The researcher also expounded on toxicology as a scientific field, examining its historical origins and development, as well as categorizing different types of poisons and presented supplications and invocations utilized to protect against harm from harmful animals.
Furthermore, the researcher discussed various aspects of rulings concerning poison, such as its consumption, purity or impurity, sale, and also defined bee venom, enumerated methods of its extraction, and subsequently addressed the implications of employing bee venom of unidentified ownership and elaborated on its medicinal applications. He also explored incidents involving harm inflicted on individuals through the utilization of poisonous or venomous insets. The researcher proceeded to examine the corresponding rulings related to these incidents, including cases such as venom-induced murder, fatalities resulting from poisonous or venomous animal bites, and fatalities resulting from the fear of having thrown poisonous or venomous insects at an individual. Additionally, the researcher addressed the occurrence of miscarriages due to fear of venomous animals and the liability of the causative agent.
Finally, the researcher delved into the subject of killing bees for medical purposes and compared the previously mentioned rulings within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence and gave preferences for these rulings based on the evidence available to him.

This research addresses the rule of marriage as a case of a person, and necessitated the nature of the research is divided according to the cases of a person that is different on the basis of the rule of the marriage and that the demands, preceded by an introduction, and paving, so I started in the preface to the definition of marriage language idiomatically, and the origin of the dispute in the governance of the marriage, and after three demands:
According to the first requirement: Ruling on getting married anyway moderation.
In the second requirement: Ruling on getting married anyway Altoqan.
According to the third requirement: the rule of the marriage if the fear of injustice and aggression. Then came the finale to summarize the most important results

This research deals with the positive role of women in terms of presenting the woman’s personality and role, whether she is a mother, sister or wife. The role and importance of women in the family as well as their role in society, where the verses present these personalities of women to be a good example for women throughout the ages, and a guiding beacon for Muslim women to play their positive and effective role in society, as well as the values and constants emphasized by the noble verses.

تعد دراسة ظاهرة البيع و شراء السلع باستخدام التطبيقات الذكية ووسائل التواصل الاجتماعي من خلال شبكة الانترنت من قبل المستهلكين عام 2020 خاصة بعد ظهور فايروس كورونا (COVID-2019) من دون رخصة وهو نوع من اعمال التجارة الالكترونية الصغيرة التي يمارسها المواطنون والأجانب المقيمين في البلدان في المنازل وليس لها محل ثابت، ومن أجل تعزيز ثقة المتعاملين وحمايتهم يلتزم الحصول على رخصة تجارية وهي مستند رسمي يؤكد على تأسيس العمل الفردي او الشركة، ولم اجد قانون في العراق يمنح اجازة للعمل التجاري من خلال هذه المواقع مخصصة اصلاً للدردشة لذا يثير هذا البحث العديد من المشاكل منها حماية المتعاقدين في حال الغش، وحماية الملكية الفكرية، وكيفية حل مسألة تنازع القوانين وتحديد الاختصاص القضائي الدولي والنزاعات على العلامات التجارية والاسم التجاري وغيرها، وجدت يمكن حل الإشكالية البعض منها من خلال القواعد القانونية النافذة والأخرى يمكن الاستعانة بقوانين الدول الداخلية الحديثة والدولية والأخرى تحتاج لاقتراح بتشريع قانون يلزم شركات الاتصالات ومسجلي الشركات وغرفة التجارة بأخذ المعلومات الكاملة عن مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي التي يتم فيها ابرام العقود.

This research deals with the forms of structures that refer to women in the Holy Qur'an and their connotations، namely:
The directly indicative structures, some of them mentioned in the Holy Qur'an (woman، mother، sister، daughter، husband،... etc).
Metaphorical structures that are launched and intended to be non-visible، such as the lion's word in the brave man، and the most famous sections: analogy، metaphor and metonymy، and what came metaphorically on women (plowing، brushes، firstborn، dress،... etc).
Linguistic structures indicative of women: expressions whose meaning is not revealed just by interpreting each of their words، such as the White House in America، which means the seat of government، greenhouses، greenhouses and linguistic structures indicative of women: (Hour-eye، Arab cohort، hidden pearls،... etc.).

He defined the modern poetic discourse, which was not just words and ideas only, but also included other elements that can only be accessed by sight in order to understand the significance of the text according to the written formation that the poet chooses for his text. To activate the visual identity of the texts, the written form has become a place in defining its meaning and drawing the path, which adds semantic and aesthetic aspects to the text of the poem. This is what helped the poet show his creativity on the poetic page space.

The Qur’anic fā’ is a verbal presumption that precedes sentences to indicate that there is a sentence omitted before it that may be the conditional tool with its verb, and the omitted sentence may be a conjunction with it, and it may be a demand sentence; The estimate is in accordance with the context of speech. The purpose of deleting what came before it is to achieve a stylistic feature on which a semantic dimension is based, represented in the following:
First, the indication that the pre-fae is omitted to indicate the speed at which the verb is achieved after the fae
Secondly / or that the pre-fae has been omitted because it is not related to the purpose of mentioning it
Thirdly, the Quranic fā’ may indicate the metaphorical commentary, and what is meant by it is that what preceded it has been omitted because the context of the speech requires brevity, and the fā’ in this case indicates the surprise in relation to the occurrence of the action that takes place after it

The rulers of the Arab Islamic state cared about developing the state’s institutions and facilities, especially the development of the administrative side and supporting it with administrative systems that are commensurate with the state’s prosperity and expansion. They used to appoint everyone who had experience in this field. Especially in writing, composition, and rhetoric, so they won the approval of the rulers and sultans, until they enjoyed a high status with them, and they gained influence in administrative positions. They were appointed by the state, until the matter reached that the jurisprudence of al-Tabani occupied more than one position at the same time, and this indicates Their ability and knowledge of administrative issues.

The study focuses on the situations of Muslim pilgrims from the eastern areas of the Islamic world under the control of the Mongol Ilkhanate during the era of employment (656 AH / 1258 AD) to the year 694 AH / 1294 AD. And what happened to their conditions following the fall of the Islamic state, which sponsored the creation of Muslim-specific rites and religious practices in their countries? The research has dealt with the meaning of the Emirate of Hajj in language and terminology, its divisions, and its origin as a symbol for the convoys of Muslim pilgrims. For the Messenger of Allah,( may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him), said: "If three people go out on a journey, let them appoint one of them." Then it was followed by an introduction to the topic by presenting a brief overview of the conditions of Hajj in general during the advance of the remnants of the Mongol armies towards the city of Baghdad for the purpose of its occupation and after its occupation. It was then followed by an introduction to the topic, which presented a brief overview of the conditions of the pilgrimage in general during the advance of the remnants of the Mongol armies towards Baghdad for the purpose of occupation and after its occupation, as well as the attempts of Baghdad's rulers to revive the emirate of the Iraqi pilgrimage and resurrect it in the best way possible.

The issue of energy was and still occupies the thoughts of analysts working in American politics. Therefore, the importance of the Middle East region tops the list of US foreign policy priorities, as it includes the largest oil reserves in the world, and this represents the lifeblood of most Western European countries and Washington as for the strategic aspect, these countries, especially Libya, as it possesses large oil reserves located on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, constitute a major axis in the Russian-American conflict and competition. The United States found it necessary to formulate its interests by using its bilateral and multilateral relations to control Libya as the most important country in the region. And work to limit its possession of a military arsenal through which it can defend itself. Libya was considered an axis of international terrorism, and all of this comes within the framework of Washington's policy to secure its interests, and through this research and for the purpose of standing on the American military dimension towards Libya during the Reagan era, The research dealt with clarifying the importance of Libya's position in US foreign policy during the Second Cold War period. The research also dealt with the US military strategy towards Libya from 1981-1984, and the developments of the US military strategy towards Libya from 1984-1989 were highlighted.

The ANZUS Treaty, or the security treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America, a military alliance approved in 1951 led by the United States of America, aimed at defense cooperation in the Pacific region for the period (1951-1955), and that any armed attack on any of the three countries would be a threat to the other. The treaty obligates all parties to act to confront the common threat.

The research is interested in studying the chemical properties in Wasit Governorate in order to know their chemical properties by collecting data and analyzing them in a scientific way to reach results that benefit specialists for the possibility of investing groundwater at the present time and in the future. Where the study area (Wasit Governorate), which is part of the sedimentary plain (flood) with abundant water and its depth ranges from the surface of the earth to (10 m) (1), except for the areas towards the border strip, which ranges in depth from (50 m-150 m) and as a result of the importance of groundwater at the present time to fill the shortage of low levels of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in recent years This study came to know the chemical elements present in groundwater and the amount of salts in the areas of (Badra - Jasan - Sheikh Saad) to determine the possibility of using them in many areas.

Attention was paid to the car tinting process by including the work of car tinting booths (thermal ovens). Therefore, the study was conducted within the city of Baquba, as it includes several industrial areas for car repair workshops, which are the three industrial areas (first, second, and third industries). It was found that the concentration of car tinting service Inside it, due to the nature of the work, which is an essential part of the industrial services provided by the car maintenance workshops in the city of Baquba, which included a number of skilled dyers distributed over the three industrial areas, as well as the presence of ovens for drying cars, although they are devoid of the integrated cabin that provides the service of dyeing and drying cars In advanced and safe methods, the research also came out with conclusions, including (it was found that the distribution of industrial ovens for dyeing cars was distributed within the first and second industrial zone, while the third region was devoid of its presence) as well as recommendations, including (providing ovens for the integrated process of formulating and drying cars as is the case in the province Baghdad, Najaf, Karbala and some other provinces that introduced the integrated ovens cabin).

The integration between geomatics techniques and statistical methods represents an effective tool in interpreting and understanding the interrelationships between morphometric and hydrological characteristics in drainage basins. The study used the quantitative and inductive approaches to analyze the cartographic data, which included the digital elevation model, satellite image (Landsat-8 Image, ETM+) and topographical maps (scale 1:50000) using ArcGIS 10.5, and the application of hydromorphometric equations using descriptive and inferential statistics methods using SPSS, V.24. The study concluded the effectiveness of geomatics techniques in the automatic production of hydromorphometric variables and the geospatial analysis of their geographical distribution, and the success of the factor analysis method in reducing the hydromorphometric variables to four basic factors affecting the characteristics of basins and drainage networks. It also demonstrated the efficiency of the multiple linear regression model in clarifying the degree of influence of hydromorphometric variables on the characteristics of drainage basins and networks, which confirms the importance of integration between geomatics techniques and statistical methods in studying the hydromorphometric characteristics of drainage basins.

Chemistry plays a vital role in the preservation of organic (archaeological) materials, as it uses its chemicals and technologies to preserve, preserve and preserve traces of damage and erosion, and these organic traces include organic things such as wood, fabrics, leather, paper, bone and ivory.
All forms of damage to wood, bone, and skin were studied, and damage was identified in some models of wood, skin, and bone pieces. Damage has been determined. The damage was documented and studied. The chemicals used in the laboratory were selected for laboratory maintenance and treatment. Soot and greasy spots were removed from them. Hydrogen peroxide and citric acid were used. And here it turns out that the role of chemistry in treating models of organic effects is effective and safe and has a major role in treatment and restoration.

The current research aims to know the impact of the CASE model on the achievement of fourth-grade students in literature and texts and the development of their future thinking. In order to achieve the two goals of the research, the researcher relied on the experimental method in showing the impact of the model on the achievement of fourth-grade students in the subject of literature and texts and the development of their future thinking. The current research is limited to students in the fourth scientific grade in preparatory and secondary day schools for boys affiliated to the General Directorate of Education in Salah al-Din for the academic year 2022-2023. The researcher relied on the experimental design with partial control and the pre and post test. The research sample consists of (70) students from the scientific fourth grade at Al-Khadra secondary school, with (35) students for the experimental group and (35) students for the control group. The researcher prepared an achievement test to measure the variables dependent on the research, consisting of (55) items. He also prepared a measure of future thinking consisting of (50) items. The two tests were applied at the end of the experiment and the results were treated using the statistical package. The results showed: The students of the experimental group, according to the CASE model, outperformed the students of the control group who studied the same subject (in the usual way) in the achievement test and future thinking.

This current research aims to identify the impact of the Red Sub model on the fourth grade literary students' achievement in Literature and Texts and the development of their reflective thinking. In order to achieve the two goals of the research, the researcher adopted the experimental method in explaining the impact of the model on the achievement of fourth-grade literary students in the subject of literature and texts and the development of their reflective thinking, for this reason, the researcher formulated the appropriate hypotheses for the research.
The current research is limited to students of the fourth literary grade in the secondary day schools for boys affiliated to Salah al-Din Education for the academic year 2022-2023. The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control. (32) students for the experimental group and (32) students for the control group. The required equality was achieved between the two groups. The researcher prepared an achievement test consisting of (40) items, and the researcher prepared a reflective thinking test consisting of (50) items. The results showed: The experimental group students who studied literature and texts according to the Red Sub model outperformed the control group students who studied the same subject (in the usual way) in achievement and reflective thinking. The researcher recommends: relying on the Red SUB model because of its clear impact on motivating students and developing their cognitive abilities.

This study aims at identifying the reality of social studies teachers' usage of e-learning applications in teaching at the schools of Saladdin directorate of education and the difficulties facing them from the perspective of teachers and the relationship of that with demographic variables. In order to achieve the study objectives, the researcher developed the study instrument that consisted of (33) items; its validity and reliability were verified. The study instrument was applied to a sample that consisted of (290) male and female teachers of social studies in the schools of Saladdin directorate of education/ Iraq. The results showed that the degree of social studies teachers' usage of e-learning applications in teaching at the schools of Saladdin directorate of education from the perspective of teachers was medium, whereas the difficulties faced by social studies teachers in using e-learning applications were with a high degree. The results revealed that there are statistically significant differences in the degree of social studies teachers' usage of e-learning applications attributed to the variable of gender in favor of the female teachers, and to the impact of the variable of (years of experience) in favor of (less than 5 years), while the results revealed that there is no impact for the variable of educational qualification on the reality of using the applications of e-learning.
In the light of the results, the study recommended the necessity of promoting and developing the capabilities of social studies teachers in using the applications of e-learning by holding relevant training courses.

Motion is the most basic domain of human life experience. The study investigates the translation of English fictive motion verbs into Arabic, outlining the similarities of both languages and focusing on the path and manner components of these verbs. It suggests that path-conflating verbs in fictive motion must always include information related to path, either through adverbial or prepositional phrases or encoded within the verb itself. The researchers analyze various fictive motion verbs from "The Two Towers" novel and concentrate on directional motion verbs within coextension path. It is hypothesized that coextension path expressions strongly relate to motion directionality, due to the translators' focus on preserving the impact from the source text. The paper concludes with recommendations for further research in this area.