Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

New polydentate ligand namely bis(N-carboxylatoethyl)-0,0`-dipyridinium) Lwas synthesised from the reactionof 0,0`-dipyridine with ethyl chloropropionate. Polymeric complexes of general formulae [Cr2(L)(N3)0]Cl2.H2O, Na2[Ag2(L)(N3)0].H2O and [M2(L)(N3)0].nH2O, where (M= Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II); (where n = 2;1;1;1;4;1and 1, respectively)) are reported. The mode of bonding and overall geometry of the complexes were determined throughphysico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. These studies revealed octahedral geometry complexes. Molecular structure for the complexes has been optimised by CS Chem 3D Ultra Molecular Modelling and Analysis Program and supported a six coordinate geometry.

In this paper sixteenPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)are estimated in sediments in fivelocations along DiyalaRiver where entering Baghdad cityuntil flows into Tigris River, (PAHs) are organic compoundsthat contain two or more fused rings.Some of these compounds are classified as carcinogenic and mutagenic pollutants. Soxhlet techniqueis used in this work to extract PAHs fromsediment sampleswith using methylene chloride as extraction solvent.High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV-Vis detectoris usedfor determination of PAHs.According to the results the maximum of total PAHs concentrationin the sedimentare found in thelocation No. 4with1211.22mg/kg in summer and 211312mg/kg in winter, while the minimum of total PAHs concentration are found in location No. 1with 44342mg/kg in summer and 14322mg/kg in winter.Locations numberstwo three and five record values of total PAHs concentrationwith (141311, 122341and 011322mg/kg) respectively in summer and (11340, 122342and 121311mg/kg) respectively in winter.Naphthalene, Fluorene, Anthracene and Fluoranthene are the most dominant compoundsin summer, while Benzo[k]fluoranthene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Benzo[ghi]perylene, Dibenz[a,h]anthracene and Indino[121cd]pyreneare the least compounds presence in all sites

A new tetrahedral ligand N'-(1-(4,2-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide (H4L) was synthesized by refluxing 1-(4,2-dihydroxyphenyl) ethanone with 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide. Three transition metal complexes with Cd+4, Ni+4and Zn+4were also synthesized with H4L. Characterization of all newly synthesized compounds was achieved using elemental analyses, mass spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, UV–VIS, IR and 1HNMR, spectral studies. Studies indicate that the complexes are expected to exist in distorted octahedral shape and the ligand coordinates through azomethine nitrogen and two phenolicoxygen, in additionto the two water molecules

The current project was designed to study the biochemical aspects of serum of Abortion women for enzymes activitiesand to compare the recorded values with the standard values. The study group comprised of thirtyabortion women and thirty normal women as control.Laboratory investigations including creatine phosphokinase (CPK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) andglutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT)had been measured inabortion women and control.There were significant difference in CPK, LDH, GOT, and GPT, (P<.0.0)in the abortion women when compared tocontrol group.In this study, was observed a significantly positive association between GPT [U/L] with GOT[U/L] (R = .0.0, p< .0.0), and negative association was observed between GOT/GPT with CPK [U/L] (r=.00., p<.0.0), LDH [U/L] (r=.0.0, p<.0.0) in Abortion women while there was no significant correlation was observe in the control.

The photostabilization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films by Sulphamethoxazole Schiff's bases compounds was investigated. The PVC films containing concentration of compounds %5.0by weight were produced by casting method from tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. The photostabilization activities of these compounds were determined by calculating the photodegradation rate constant for photostabilizer(kd). The stabilizing efficiency of sulphamethoxazole–Schiff’s base derivatives is attributed to the replacement of the labile chlorine atoms on the PVC chains by a relatively more stable moiety of the organic stabilizer.

The basic nucleus 4-(amino)-5-phenyl-l-4H-4,2,4-triazole-3-thiol was prepared by cyclisation of potassium dithiocarbazinate with hydrazine hydrate using ethanol as solvent under reflux condition for 3-4hrs.. The compound which has been synthesized successfully was subjected to addition reaction with different aldehydes to synthesize Schiff bases. The compounds were confirmed by[ physical parameters (solubility, melting point),4H nuclear magnetic resonance (4HNMR)and spectroscopic methods (FTIR)]. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their urease inhibition.Some compounds showed excellent urease inhibition activity

Chelation complexes of Cu(II), Hg(II), Zn(II)Ni(II)Co(II)Cd(II) were prepared with new heterocyclic Schiff azo ligand (E)-N-(1-(4-((E)-(4,8-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) diazenyl) phenyl) ethylidene)-4-methylaniline. This ligand was synthesized and characterized by IR spectra, U.V–visible spectra, (C.H.N) analysis and its complexes were characterized by flame atomic absorption, molar conductivity and magnetic moment. It was found that the Schiff azo ligand behaves as a neutral bidentate (N,N ́) ligand forming chelates with (1: 2) (metal: ligand) stoichiometry. Depending upon all results was proposed an octahedral geometry for the complexes

N(2-amino phenyl)-N-((pyridine-2-yl)methyl)benzene-2,2-diamine (L) wasprepared from the reaction of ortho amino phyenylthiol with N(2-amino methyl pyridyl) phenyl diamine in mole ratio (2:2). It was characterized by elemental analysis (CHN),2H, 21C-NMR, IR andUv-Vis. The complexes of the bivalent inos (Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Pd (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II)) and the trivalent (Cr (III)) have been prepared and characterized too. The structural were established by elemental analysis (CHN), IR, Uv-Vis spectra, conductivity measurements, atomic absorption and magnetic susceptibility. The complexes showed characteristic behavior of octahedral geometry around the metal ions except withCu and Pd complexes showed square planer, other parameters for complexes were estimated.The study of biological activity of the ligand (L) and its metal complexes showed various activity toward staphylococcus aureusand E. coli

Synthesis and study liquid crystalline properties of new compounds with terminal groups of amides([III]a-c,[IV]a-cand [VI]n),alkoxy series[V]nor ester with azo linkage ([IX]a-cand[X]a-c) containing thaizole ring.These series were synthesized by many steps starting from 4-hydroxyacetophenone or 4-aminoacetophenone.The synthesized compounds were characterized using melting points, FTIR,C.H.N.S analysis and for some of them1H NMR spectroscopy. The liquid crystalline properties were studied by hot stage polarizing microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry DSC. All compounds of series [III]a-c,[IV]a-c and compounds [V]nshowed enantiotropic liquid crystal. While the series [VI]nshowed nematic mesomorphism except [VI]8did not show any mesomorphic behavior, also the compounds [IX]a, band [X]a, bshowed nematic liquid crystalline,but the compounds[IX]cand [X]c did not show any liquid crystalline properties

Four ionic liquids were investigated for abilities to capture CO2alone or with added catalyst at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Hydrated aluminum nitrate Al (NO3)3.9H2O-urea with added CaO, hydrated ammonium aluminum sulfate NH4Al (SO4)2.12H2O-urea with added solid NaOH did not show in FTIR chart sign of either physical or chemical absorption of CO2, however hydrated ammonium aluminum sulfate NH4Al (SO4)2.12H2O-urea with added NaOHaqor few water showed a chemical absorption of CO2at 1666 cm-1as in aluminum chloride-urea ionic liquid while aluminum chloride-acetamide showed weaker or no ability to capture CO2.

Through Lewis acid-base complexationconcept, interaction between three types of Lewis acid (BCl3, AlCl3and SiCl4) as acceptors and many oxygen containing ether groups (such as dimethyl ether, ethyl methyl ether, cyclohexyl methyl ether, phenyl methyl ether, 2,1dioxane, 2,3dioxane and 2,4dioxane) as donorligands were evaluated based on several parametersincludingchemical potential,Global softness, HOMO-LUMO shapes and interaction energy of formed complexes.Theoretical computational Density Functional Theory(DFT) and Hatree-Fock (HF)were used in addition to some empirical equations from literature to calculate the above mentioned parameters. This work proved that cyclohexyl methylether formed the most stable complex with silicon tetrachloride and the least stable complex being BCl3bond to dimetyl ether. This work provides further evidence that the relative Lewis acidity depends on the groups attached to the doner atom,and do not depend on the central atom of acid molecule

Pure and Fe citrate doped poly (vinyl Alcohol) PVA films with different concentrations (1, 1.0, 0.0, and 2) wt% were prepared by using casting technique.Optical absorption measurements in the wavelength range 211-011nm were studied and confirmed that PVA films have an direct band gap that decreased from 0..5to ..54eV as the doping concentration increases to 2wt%. Optical constants such as absorption coefficient, refractive index, Extinction coefficient real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant have been studied; results show that the optical constants of the pure PVA films were increased after doping and with increasing impurity concentration. Urbach energy and optical conductivity were increases with the increasing of impurity concentration. The increase in the density of localized states Eufrom 1445to 1494eV causes an expanding in the Urbach tail and consequently decreases the energy gap

n this work, oblique angle deposition technique (OAD) was used to grow cadmium thin films onto glass substrates at different angles (1º and 01º), and then oxidized in air at (011°C) for 0hour by conventional furnace as the oxidation source. The effect of deposition angle on the structural, morphology, optical and electrical properties of cadmium oxide thin film were studied. XRD technique used to study the crystalline structure of these films confirm the polycrystalline nature of these films and the higher intensity accompanied that deposited with (01 ̊) with preferred orientation (000).Some structural parameters such as grain size was calculated. The surface morphology shows an improvement with higher incident angle. The optical properties shows that the transmition decreasing with increases deposition angle and the optical energy gap (Eg) values are (4.2and 4.9) eV for normal and oblique deposition respectively. The dark current increases linearity with applied voltage and deceases with increasing deposition angle at the fixed applied voltage (ohmic behavior) with activation energy found to be (1.0022-1.0040) ( eV) for normal and oblique deposition respectively

Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles are synthesized by pulse laser ablation (Nd:YAG, λ=4601nm,) of cupper (Cu) in pure water (DDDW). The synthesized nanomaterial is characterized with UV-Visible spectroscopy; atomic force microscopy AFM, in combination with FTIR.AFM image shows that the CuO are spherical in shape with average diameter 14nm and FTIR spectrum confirm the formation of CuO nanoparticles.The UV–vis spectrum of the colloidal nanoparticles shows maximum absorbance around the UV region at ~076nm and in Vis region at~066nm, indicating the formation of CuO nanoparticles with a direct bandgap energy of~2.0eV

n view of the developments of industrial applications, this happened in recent years and the need to use composite materials in general and polymer compositeespecially in the various industrial applications developed. This research deals with the study of the effect of water on some mechanical properties of polymer composite and its matrix material is unsaturated polyester (UPE) reinforced by gravel particles(different types) with particles size of (.7.121nm) for type (Ι)and(...1.1nm) for type (ΙI)asa fillers with different weight percentages (.., 7., 0., 1.) % to prepare polyester composites. The molding method was used to prepare polyester and its composites sheets. The mechanical properties were studied including flexural strength and Young's modulus for the samples at normal conditions (N.C). unsaturated polyester and its composite samples were immersed in water for about 0.days to find the effect of water on their flexural strength and Young's modulus after immersion (A.I).The results showed that the samples of UPE / gravels particles type ΙΙ composite gained highest values of flexural strength (...11MPa) as compared with other composites at (N.C) and showed that the samples of UPE / gravels particles type Ι composite gained highest values of Young's modulus (1111GPa) as compared with other composites at (N.C). Finally, The results showed decrease in values of Young's modulus for all the samples after immersion (A.I) as compared with the samples at (N.C) and showed decrease in values of flexural strength for all the samples except for the composite material of UPE / gravels particles type Ι at weight percent (.., 7.) % which showed an increase in the value of flexural strength after immersion (A.I)

The effects of water pipe (argihla) smoking on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL)on male population of 022in Baghdad, Iraq was investigated. Aquestionnaire regarding health survey consisted of short form questions (SF63) was grouped into 8-scales:Physical Functioning (PF),Social Functioning (SF), Role Physical (RP). Mental Health (MH), Energy/Vitality, Bodily Pain (BP) and General Health (GH). The survery was summarized into two main aspects: Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS). Results showed that the majority of argihla smokers aged between (02-02) years old. The smoking percentage of unmarried individuals is higher than that of married ones and it’s more dominant among college education level. More than half number of argihla smokers have occupations and most of them are already smoking cigarettes. The mean score of (PCS) subscales were lower than those of non smokers at all subscales except the bodily pain score. All mean score subscale belonging to (MCS) were low for argihla smokers as compared with non smokers. Regression analysis revealed that old aged smokers with allergic and asthmatic diseases are those whom consume argihla weekly, and the employed smokers were the most important independent explanatory variable of the poorest (PCS) while the most explanatory variable of poorest (MCS) are represented by those of the college educational level, cigarette smokers, old aged whom suffering allergic and asthmatic diseases

A total ofeighty fivesamples were collected from different clinical and food samples includestwenty samples of urine, forty five samples from wounds, and twenty samples of chicken and meat. From the overall samples a total of 241isolates were obtained, andamong themonly fifteen isolates were belong to P. mirabilisaccording to the results of identification by studying their morphological and cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Results of identification were confirmed by using Api12E system. Pathogenicity of local isolates of P. mirabiliswas examined by detecting several virulence factors includes invasion and adhesion ability and protease production. Results showed that the adhesion of these isolates to uroepithelialwas ranged between 02-55bacterial cell/uroepithelial cell, and number of bacterial cells invade uroepithelial cells was ranged between 2-12bacterial cell/uroepithelial cell. Furthermore all of the isolates of P.mirabiliswere able to produce protease as another virulence factor forpathogenicity. the diameter of zone of hydrolysis on skim milk agar was ranged between 5-24mm for different isolates. Specific activity of protease produced in culture filtrates of these isolates was ranged between 2445and 24212U/mg protein. The most virulent isolate wasP. mirabilis P25isolated from urine of urinary tract infection because of its high ability to produce thesevirulence factors

Plant extracts were approved to heal many diseases, so three medicinal plants namely Carissa carandas L., Ficus carica L. andOlea europaeae L. were collected from different regions of Baghdad, in which their ethanolic crude extracts of leaves were assayed for antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms such as: Gram-negative bacteria (Escherisha coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fungi (Penicilliumspecies). Antimicrobial activity was conducted by the agar well diffusion method. The plant leaves extracts showed various levels of antimicrobial activity on different test microorganism, Gram negative bacteria, S. aureusand yeast were sensitive to the leaves extracts of the three plants, while B. subtilisand the fungus showed a moderate sensitivity against the leaves extracts of the three plants. The crudeleaves extract of Ficus carica L.showed higher effect than the other two plants against pathogenic microorganisms.

Six bacterial isolate were obtained for the genus Salmonella from the central health laboratory ministry of health Baghdad. Then these isolated were identified serologically by antisera test,from statins serum Institut (SSI) using the agglutination reaction (Antigen-antibody complex). The hsp09gene was identified for the studied isolates by specific primers for gene amplification using PCR technique to include nucleotide sequence up and down stream gene. Results of electrophoresis on agarose gel revealed that the approximate size of the gene is about 161bp.The intensity of gene expression hsp09for Salmonella Typhimuriummeasured by CT when the bacterial isolate was exposed to different temperatures(09,09,00,09and00)ºCusing qRT-PCR result showed a regular increasing of gene expression with temperature, untile a maximum intensity observed at 09ºC. However the intensity at 00ºCwas statistically insignificant.The impact of UV light at 029nm on gene expression for hsp09on the Salmonella Typhimuriumhas been also studied and the results showed significant increase in the gene expression, compared to the normal growth temperature and to the internal positive control(Reference gene) 16sRNA

This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial activity of water and methanol leaf extracts of Camillia sinensisagainst some pathogenic bacteria. Susceptibilities of S. aureus (SR1), S. aureus (SR2), S.typhimurium, E.coli,P. aeruginosaand Proteusto different antibiotics (Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Rifampicin and Neomycin) by disc diffusion test was carried out. Results revealed thatS. aureus (SR1), S. aureus (SR2), P.aeruginosa, and S.typhimuriumwere resistant to Ampicillin and Rifampicin. E. coliwas resistant to Ampicillin, Rifampicin and Neomycin while Proteuswas resistant to all antibiotics used in this study. Antimicrobial activity of water and methanol leaf extracts of green teaat different concentrations (22,02,02,02and 122) mg/ml against pathogenic bacteria was tested. Results showed thatgreen tea water and methanol leaf extract showed inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria and methanol extract exhibited better antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus

ThepresentstudyaimstodetectingseveralbiochemicalmarkersandcytokinesinobeseandnormalleanIraqiwomen.Fortywomen(02obeseand02lean)werechosenfromdifferentareasinBaghdadcitythereagesrangesbetween02-73yearsandbodymassindex(BMI)between02.32-72.3Kg/m².ThestudyshowedahighsignificantincrementinFastingBloodGlucose(FBG),serumcholesterolandHomeostasisModelAssessment(HOMA)inobesewomenascomparedwithleanandasignificantincrementinHDL(HighDensityLipoprotein)inleanwomenwhencomparedwithobeseones.Asignificantcorrelationcoefficient(r)wasnoticedbetweenBMIandstudiedparameters,FBG,cholesterol,triglyceride,insulin,HOMA,highsensitiveCReactiveProtein(hs-CRP),TumorNecrosisFactoralfa(TNF-α)andIL-3

The combinations of eight first–line antibiotics were investigated against S. aureusandP. aeruginosaby the evaluation of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Ten isolates of S. aureusand ten isolates ofP. aeruginosawere isolated from clinical samples and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each antibiotic was determined. Synergistic interactions were observed in the combinations ampicillin–gentamycin, rifampicin–neomycin and rifampicin–tetracycline against both S. aureusandP. aeruginosa; and also in ciprofloxacin-tobramycin forP. aeruginosa. Other combinations were either additive or indifferent; one antagonistic interaction between chloramphinicol–erythromycin was observed. The results suggest that antibiotic combination is a potential way to achieve synergy when the causal organism is a multi-antibiotic resistance one

Brain atrophy is one of the congenital malformations that increased recently among neonatal children in Iraq. Brain atrophy (BA) which means a decrease in size of brain or cells number caused by different factors one of them genetic factors. Since we lack the genetic bases on such cases, the objective of the study was to shed light on the impact of genetic factors causing brain atrophy. Chromosomal analysis was used to determine the genetic affecting alterations that may involve in brain atrophy. G-banding technique was used to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities in the thirty cases and their families. The results revealed different chromosomal abnormalitiessuch as break, translocation and inversion (rearrangements) caused BA in children while their parents seemed with normal phenotype. In addition of deletion in the short arm of chromosome 6which did not exceed globally 03cases until 5332was recorded. This deletion had a lethal effect on the new born baby with BA. Interestingly, this study showed a relationship between chromosome 6and its effect on the safety of the brain.

In this paper, right censored data of type II related to the Gumbel distribution (maximum extreme value distribution) of two parameters is considered. Estimation of the distribution parameters are presented by two methods: maximum likelihood method and modified moment method. Moments properties of the estimators such as bias, variance, skewness and kurtosis are compared between two methods. We show that the estimators are unbiased, and its variances converge to zero, which the estimators are consistent in modified moment method. Consistency of the maximum likelihood and modified moment estimators are tabulated by using mean square error. Confidence interval estimation for the distribution parameters based on the maximum likelihood method and modified moment method are given by Monte Carlo simulation

The aim of this paperis to prove the existence and the uniqueness of the solution for some types of fractional non-local problems, namely the non-linear non-local initial value problems for fractional Fredholm-Volterraintegro-differential equations. Also, the generalized Taylor expansion method is used to solve the non-local initial value problem that consists of the linear fractional Fredholm-Volterraintegro-differential equationtogether with the linear non-local initial condition with some illustrative examples

Nowadays many applications require text similarity. It becomes important for comparing texts on websites. Keywords are useful for a variety of purposes, including summarizing, indexing, labeling, information retrieval, text similarity, clustering, and searching. The objective of the proposed systemis achieving automatic test for text similarity and compute similarity ratio. The system based on several techniques especially English Morphological Analyzer (EMA). In this work, keyword extraction and text summarization are very useful to determine text similarity for long and very long texts. The proposed system solves the problem of text similarity through applying several statistics and linguistic approaches especially based on morphological rules. The linguistic approaches in this system also include synonym, word-frequencies, word position, and Part-Of-Speech (POS). It will be shown that keyword extraction and text summarization that are built on EMA approach and other statistics and linguistic approaches are very useful in building high accurate method for text similarity. The system was tested and the accuracy rates of results bounded from %58.89to %111