Sciences Journal Of Physical Education

Women's practice of sports, whether individually or as a team, especially sports that require direct contact between players, exposes women to danger, in addition to the fact that sports may be dangerous by nature. Women have rights when practicing these games, and these rights are embodied in the guarantees that the law has granted them, so that they can take them when requested, such as compensation for damages, health insurance, accident insurance, and ensuring safety. Civil legislation has been established as a general principle, such as the current Iraqi Civil Law No. 40 of 1951, as well as the guarantees stipulated in sports legislation. In order to create a state of balance between women's sports rights and duties, these guarantees are not sufficient, so the research suggested other guarantees that include quick procedures to save time and effort, and others that accompany technical and technological development. Therefore, finding legal texts that guarantee women's sports rights and define their duties is important. Hence, legislation should organize stronger, clear and explicit legal guarantees that guarantee the rights of female athletes when they are exposed to danger.

Insufficient physical activity is a contributing factor to various non-communicable diseases. The benefits of regular exercise have been well established, and evidence shows that adults are becoming more sedentary and obese due to lack of opportunities and barriers to exercise participation. Objective: The study aimed to identify the perceived benefits and barriers to exercise.
Exercise is of great importance to women, especially pregnant and overweight women, due to the many benefits it produces, the most prominent of which are: Strengthening muscles, as movement is relatively reduced in pregnant and overweight women, which leads to muscle weakness in the long term, especially with the prevailing belief that pregnant women should rest and reduce movement. Exercise helps strengthen the body's muscles in general, which helps to bear the weight resulting from pregnancy or obesity.
And helps the body burn a large amount of calories, and the risk of developing many problems such as diabetes and high blood pressure is reduced. Sports also contribute effectively to reducing stress and psychological fatigue, especially for pregnant women, who are more susceptible to stress and pressure, especially in the first months. Exercising during pregnancy reduces the risk of postpartum depression.

The current research aimed to identify
Trends towards the use of electronic hookah among female students of the College of Education for Girls
Differences with statistical significance in trends towards the use of electronic hookah among female students of the College of Education for Girls according to the variable of academic specialization (scientific. literary).
The research sample consisted of (153) female students from the scientific specialization (physics. mathematics) and the humanities (geography. educational and psychological sciences) and for the morning study. they were selected by a simple random method. the scales consisted of (50) paragraphs and in front of each paragraph there were four alternatives. which are (often. sometimes. rarely. never). and the apparent validity and reliability were extracted by the method of splitting the scale half. and the results showed a high level of trends towards the use of electronic hookah among female students of the College of Education for Girls. and the results also indicated the existence of statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) attributed to the variable of academic specialization in favor of the humanities specialization. and in light of the research results. the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals.

Stimulant drugs target androgen receptors, which are the natural biological receptors for testosterone and its metabolite dihydrotestosterone. Stimulating androgen receptors leads to cell growth, which leads to an increase in muscle size. The goal of using these stimulants is to help build muscle tissue and increase body mass by acting like the body's natural male hormone, testosterone. The study included distributing 100 questionnaires inside women's gyms in Hillah city. The questionnaire distribution period was from October to December 2024. The questionnaire included women in the age group (18- above 40 years). This study excluded the following age groups (under 14 years, heart disease, liver disease, and myopathy). Preparing this research serves sustainable development related to Women health.The aim of the study is to find out the reasons why women use stimulant drugs inside gyms and to raise awareness of the risks of using these drugs.

Sport has become a vital axis in achieving the national security of Iraq. The importance of the research is due to: Within the framework of the comprehensive renaissance policy pursued by the Iraq, the vision of the of Iraq (2030) aims to make the Iraq a successful and pioneering model in the world. The main objective of the research project: ). The recommendations (research project): In light of the previous presentation of facts and statistical data about the reality of women’s practice in the Iraq of the age group (15+) years and over, the research team formulated a set of recommendations, initiatives and programs in light of the main objective and sub-goals that were identified in this research project

The research is concerned with the study of physiological adaptations resulting from the practice of sports in Arab women. and the role of modern medical techniques in improving sports performance and physical activity on some physical variables represented by (muscular strength and endurance. speed and flexibility). physiological indicators (heart rate and blood pressure) and knowing its effect on women. Physiological changes such as improving the efficiency of the cardiovascular system. increasing muscle mass and strengthening muscle endurance are emerging as key indicators of the development of physical performance. These changes are central to adapting the body to different physical requirements in sport. The research highlights one of the Sustainable Development Goals. which is Goal 3 (enjoying good health and well-being). The societal perception of women's participation in sports continues to hinder female athletes. making it essential to change this outlook. as the existing beliefs and taboos restrict their growth and advancement as individuals. women. and athletes. trapping them in a cycle.
Therefore. the field of sports holds significant importance and benefits for women's health and fitness at all stages of life. which in turn contributes to the advancement. prosperity. and development of society.

This study, “Social Media Platforms as a Tool for Empowering Women in Sports,” addresses the importance of these platforms in enhancing women’s participation in sports activities, as they allow them to express themselves, share their experiences, and build supportive communities, which contributes to changing societal perceptions about the role of women in sports. The study aims to explore the role of social media platforms in enhancing women’s participation, identify the factors influencing women’s use of these platforms, and evaluate their impact on changing societal perceptions about women’s sports. The results found a strong positive relationship between the use of these platforms and women’s participation in sports activities, and social factors such as support from peers and sharing personal experiences play a pivotal role in promoting sports activity. Based on these results, the study recommends developing marketing strategies and awareness campaigns targeting women via social media platforms, in addition to encouraging them to share their sports experiences to build a supportive community. It also stresses the need to address the challenges associated with online harassment and cross-cutting abuse to ensure a supportive environment for women in sport.

of the research: In light of the shortage of hours allocated to teaching the theoretical foundations and laws of the games, especially the game of futsal, as the student does not get enough of the theoretical foundations and the law of the game. The research aims to design mind maps for the theoretical knowledge of the law of the game of futsal, and to identify the effect of using mind maps on the theoretical legal knowledge of the game. The researcher assumed the existence of statistically significant differences between the results of the achievement and retention tests. And the existence of significant differences in the post-tests between the control and experimental research samples in the results of the achievement and retention tests. The research sample included two groups, a control and an experimental group, which are third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researcher relied on the achievement results in the first test, and the retention test for the students who were most committed to attendance, and attending theoretical lectures, as their number reached (12) students from each group. The application of education using the mind map method continued throughout the duration of the theoretical lectures, which included the first half hour of the first semester for the experimental group, while the control group relied on the usual explanation method used by the subject teachers. The theoretical test was conducted for both groups at the same time. From the results obtained by the researcher and her analysis and discussion of the results, she concluded that mind maps are effective in improving students' achievement in the cognitive (theoretical) part. Also, teaching using the mind map is suitable for teaching theoretical subjects in the futsal subject better than traditional methods. The method used in teaching theoretical subjects in the futsal subject is useful in terms of acquiring information, but weak in terms of retaining information. Finally, the teaching method using mind map strategies has a great benefit in terms of retaining the acquired material. The researcher recommended the necessity of adopting the mind map strategy in teaching theoretical subjects in the futsal subject and generalizing this strategy to the subjects, especially the teachers of theoretical subjects within training courses on using the mind map.

The research aims to identify the extent of the impact of a psychological counseling program in improving the level of psychological toughness among young people in the game of shooting with air weapons (rifle, pistol). As for the problem of the research, it crystallized in the researcher’s observation that there is a weakness in psychological toughness, especially in the junior group (males and females), which are affected by many of the situations they face, especially competitions and tournaments. It has been observed that some psychological conditions appear, such as irritability, tension, anxiety, mild depression, insomnia, and other things, which have a negative impact on the psychological state and mental health due to the lack of attention to these variables by the coach and the failure to seek help from specialists in sports psychology and psychological guidance to improve the athletic personality and make it a personality with psychological toughness to achieve success. Best achievement. The researcher used the experimental approach using a single sample method. The research population included young people in the game of shooting air weapons (pistol, rifle), who numbered (60) male and female players. The research sample was (12) male and female players, and the exploratory experiment sample was (5). Male and (5) female players, and after conducting the scientific foundations of the scale and in light of the results achieved from the measurement process, the psychological counseling program was built. According to the player’s psychological needs and then formulated in the form of the titles of the counseling sessions (14) sessions, the results revealed that there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurement in favor of the post-measurement of the research variable (psychological toughness). The researcher recommends benefiting from the counseling program in improving psychological toughness. On the rest of the sports.

The research problem crystallized in that achieving sustainable development goals is an important necessity for the happiness and development of any society in the countries of the world, so the researchers sought to analyze the extent of the college's application of sustainable development goals through cooperation between the college's members to exert their maximum energy as well as provide the appropriate environment that will enable them to satisfy their needs and desires with the following question: What can the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls as a scientific, health, sports and educational specialization achieve sustainable development goals?
The research aimed to:
-Prepare a questionnaire to measure the extent of achieving sustainable development goals in the field of education and sports sciences.
-Find the percentages of applying sustainable development goals in the activities of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls.
- Analysis of the possibility of applying the sustainable development goals in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls.
The descriptive approach was used with the analytical method to show the extent to which the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls applied the sustainable development goals.
The researchers relied on obtaining the information required in their study from the archived data within the work of the departments and administrative units and what they document, as well as the members working in those departments and units.
Therefore, the research complex identified the members of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls working in the departments and units within the administrative structure of the college, which amounts to 12 departments and 64 units, and the number of employees is 98 male and female employees. The research sample was chosen intentionally from the departments and units whose tasks include recording and documenting activities related to sustainable development.
A questionnaire was designed that includes the seventeen sustainable development goals and what activities achieve those goals.
After designing the questionnaire and stating its validity, it was distributed to the units and departments concerned with the activities and documented, then the results were collected and the percentages that achieve the sustainable development goals in the activities of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls were found.
After collecting and analyzing the results, the researchers found that there are some goals that cannot be applied according to the specialization of this college, and some goals fall within the specialization of the college that can be achieved, including eliminating poverty, eliminating hunger, good education, health and well-being, achieving partnerships with other institutions, and preserving the environment.

Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that hampers the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen efficiently due to hemoglobin abnormalities. This condition causes severe anemia and fatigue, significantly affecting female athletes. The study aims to explore the impact of thalassemia-related genetic mutations on red blood cell dynamics and athletic performance in women.
This study highlights the effect of thalassemia on athletic performance, offering insights into training and therapeutic strategies to enhance the physical capabilities of affected women.
The research employed a descriptive analytical approach, including literature reviews, clinical case studies, and performance comparisons between athletes with thalassemia and healthy counterparts.
Results indicated reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells in affected women, leading to decreased physical endurance. Medical interventions like blood transfusions and iron therapy, along with low-intensity exercises, were found to improve athletic performance and overall fitness

Exercise is a source of numerous physical and mental benefits, in addition to its positive impact on mental health. Regular physical activity enhances dopamine and serotonin levels, making it an ideal choice for stimulating the hormones responsible for feelings of happiness. These hormones—such as dopamine, serotonin, oxytocin, and endorphins—are vital chemical messengers that play a crucial role in regulating physiological and psychological activities. For instance, dopamine, known as the "reward hormone," acts as an essential neurotransmitter in the brain's reward system and is associated with pleasurable feelings, as well as its role in learning and memory processes. Serotonin, on the other hand, plays a key role in mood regulation, controlling sleep, appetite, and digestion, in addition to improving cognitive abilities such as learning and memory. Oxytocin, often referred to as the "love hormone," is significant during childbirth and breastfeeding, as it strengthens the bond between mother and child. Moreover, it contributes to fostering trust, empathy, and social connections, with its levels increasing through physical affection and touch. As for endorphins, they serve as the body's natural painkillers, rising in response to stress and discomfort, as well as during physical activity or food consumption. This paper explores the impact of prolonged or high-intensity exercise on happiness and female reproductive hormones, as well as its effects on menstrual cycle regularity in female athletes.

Conducting sports tests and collecting the achieved results cannot be used unless a specific goal or goals are established for these tests. The main goal of giving tests is to make scientific and studied decisions and support decisions to improve the level of learning or training and improve the player's level. Therefore, the goal or purpose of the test must be determined before giving it.
Sports tests are used as a measuring tool for some physiological, psychological and social phenomena associated with motor or skill activity, which in turn is used as an evaluation tool. Hence, the importance of research in finding standards to evaluate the performance of students of the College of Physical Education in volleyball because of its importance in developing methods of teaching this subject within the curricula of colleges of physical education and sports sciences. The researcher found it necessary to conduct research related to knowing the extent of the performance of female students in the college of basic skills in volleyball in a scientifically correct manner based on the standard evaluation through which we can evaluate the performance of students and ensure the method that is suitable for teaching this subject. The research aims to find standards to evaluate the accuracy of the skill performance in volleyball for female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Third Stage / University of Babylon.
The research community included female students of the third stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, numbering (34) students, and the researcher identified the skills (serving, preparing, crushing) in volleyball.
Therefore, it is necessary to convert the raw scores obtained by the researcher from these tests into standard scores through which we can know the levels of individuals compared to the level of performance of the group to which they belong. The researcher concluded that the research sample represented by female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Babylon - Third Stage had varying results in the skill tests and that the best achievement of the sample was in the serve and prepare test. While the sample achieved high percentages in the third standard level (acceptable), exceeding the percentage set for this level in the normal curve in the three tests

Physical inactivity has become the fourth largest risk factor for death worldwide. It has been on the rise in many countries, with major implications for the spread of diseases worldwide, especially in Arab countries. as a result the importance of paying attention to physical activity and the resulting improvement in women’s health has emerged. Women have become more physically active in recent decades, and research confirming the benefits of exercise, physician support, societal changes, and media attention have played an effective role in encouraging women to exercise and even participate in athletics.
Women’s sports and physical activity have varied between moderate and intense exercises, each of which has physiological and health effects on the woman’s body. While exercise provides significant health benefits, intense exercise is also associated with a unique set of risks for female athletes.
The aim of this research is to reveal the impact of moderate and intense exercise on the physiology of the woman’s body.
Previous studies have indicated the importance of physical activity and moderate exercise in improving the general health of the individual, which is manifested in losing weight, improving body shape, increasing muscle mass, and minimizing metabolic syndrome, which includes diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and others. Exercise also improves mood, reduces anxiety and depression, increases energy, and improves sleep quality. On the other hand, many studies have shown the negative effects of intense exercise on the body of female athletes, such as eating disorders, functional amenorrhea, and osteoporosis

This study aims to explore how digital innovations can be used as a tool to empower adolescent girls towards a sustainable sports future. We will discuss the different dimensions of these innovations, and how they can contribute to enhancing sports participation, improving performance, and developing health awareness among adolescent girls. By highlighting these aspects, the research seeks to provide practical recommendations to support efforts aimed at achieving effective and influential sports sustainability. The researcher used the study method: The descriptive method was determined through the qualitative, quantitative study, and the research tool was: designing questionnaires, interviews, or focus groups to collect data. The independent variables (adolescent girls through digital innovations, sustainable sports future) and the dependent (sustainable sports future) came, the sample was selected from the target groups (such as female students, female teachers in the field of physical education) their number was (50) female students and female teachers, and random or stratified sample methods were used to ensure good representation. The conclusions of the study showed a clear impact of using digital innovations in enhancing adolescent girls' confidence in participating in sports activities, indicating the importance of integrating modern technology to motivate young women to participate in sports more effectively. It was found that the use of digital technologies contributes significantly to developing sports skills and increasing health awareness among adolescent girls, which enhances their ability to improve sports performance and understand the health dimensions associated with sports. Integrating digital innovations into physical education curricula led to a significant improvement in the level of sports participation among adolescent girls, highlighting the importance of using technology to enhance sports education and make it more interactive and comprehensive. The recommendations were: Work on developing educational programs and curricula that integrate digital innovations into physical education, including tools such as interactive applications and e-learning platforms - Organizing workshops and training courses for coaches and teachers to provide them with the skills necessary to use digital technologies effectively, with a focus on raising girls' awareness of the benefits of digital sports. - Supporting community initiatives and educational institutions to launch projects aimed at enhancing adolescent girls' participation in sports activities through innovative applications and games based on modern technology.

The research included the introduction and the importance of the research, as the researcher touched on the training load, which is the basic and main method used in the process of influencing the functional level of the body’s systems and organs (the nervous system, the respiratory system, the circulatory system...etc.), as well as the importance of the science of training, which is considered one of the most important and documented sciences. The connection to sports training. The researcher also touched on the game of badminton and the movements performed by female players. The research problem is determined by using sports planning in preparing sports curricula that are based on scientific principles to achieve the goals for which they were set, as well as to benefit from them in regulating physical efforts and choosing exercises in light of sodium salt indicators in the blood.
The aim of the research is summarized as follows:
-Identifying the sodium salt concentration among female badminton players
-Finding special exercises that affect the sodium salt concentration of the research sample
The research hypothesis was that there are statistically significant differences between cardiac measurements and remote measurements in the sodium c+oncentration of the research sample
Research methodology and field procedures: The experimental method was used and the sample was chosen intentionally (deliberately) and included 5 players representing the Future University Badminton Team for the year 2024, in addition to describing the research sample and the tools and devices used with the exploratory and main experiments, as well as identifying the study variables and explaining the tests related to physical effort as well as the appropriate statistical treatments for them, Where the research included presenting the results, analyzing them and discussing them statistically, then classifying them in a table for the purpose of discussing them in a scientific and accurate manner supported by sources to reach a discussion of achieving the research objectives.

Women's sports contribute to enhancing mental health and empowering women. The research aims to reveal the impact of practicing women's sports on women's mental health and analyze the role of women's sports in enhancing women's self-confidence. Study the extent of the impact of women's sports on women's empowerment and their role in society. The research hypotheses were formed through there is a positive relationship between practicing women's sports and improving women's mental health. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method. The research sample was randomly selected, consisting of 100 women between the ages of 18 and 45 years, from gyms and fitness centers in Najaf Governorate. The statistical methods used the statistical package SPSS to find the results. The most important conclusions were reached that women's sports contribute to enhancing women's self-confidence and sports enhance women's empowerment. Sports contribute to changing the societal view towards women. The most important recommendations were to enhance Women's participation in sports, providing a supportive environment for women in gyms and fitness centers.

This study aims to examine and analyze the impact of management on performance efficiency in sports clubs in Baghdad Governorate, with the goal of developing administrative methods and enhancing the level of sports performance. The researcher adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, focusing on a study population of 500 individuals working in sports clubs in Baghdad Governorate, including coaches and players. A random sample of 200 participants was selected, consisting of 80 coaches and 120 players Data was collected through a 40-item questionnaire, covering key aspects such as effective management, organizational planning, and sports performance efficiency. The collected data was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. The results revealed a positive impact of effective management and organizational planning on performance efficiency in sports clubs. Specifically, administrative organization contributed to an 85% improvement in performance, while modern management strategies enhanced the efficiency of sports and administrative activities by 78% within the clubs The researcher recommended strengthening effective administrative methods, developing training programs for sports and administrative personnel, and implementing advanced organizational systems that contribute to improving performance efficiency and achieving the sports objectives of clubs in Baghdad Governorate.

This study addresses the importance of developing women's sports in Iraq through activating corporate social responsibility. In addition to its health and psychological benefits, sports have become an important source of investment, as institutions and companies compete to support sports activities through sponsorship contracts. With the traditional focus on men's sports, there is an urgent need to encourage companies to invest in women's sports. The study is based on Iraqi Law No. 21 of 1997, which deals with corporate social responsibility, and reviews some successful experiences in Arab countries that have supported women's sports. The study also seeks to invite Iraqi companies to expand the scope of their social responsibility to include supporting women's sports, with a proposal to provide privileges such as tax reductions. The study follows a comparative and analytical methodology, as the Iraqi companies law is analyzed against the legislation in the Emirates and Qatar. It also identifies the main problem in the lack of a comprehensive legal regulation of social responsibility related to women's sports. The research plan consists of two sections: the first deals with the definition of corporate social responsibility, and the second focuses on the mechanism of activating this responsibility to promote women's sports in Iraq. The study ends with a conclusion summarizing the necessary conclusions and recommendations to support and develop women's sports.

This research aims to explore the pivotal role that sports play in empowering women in rural communities. It examines how participating in sports activities can contribute to enhancing women's self-confidence, improving their physical and mental health, expanding their social networks, and developing their leadership skills, as well as challenging traditional gender roles. The research highlights success stories of rural women involved in sports and how they have been able to achieve personal and community-level achievements through it. It also examines the challenges faced by rural women in practicing sports, such as social and cultural constraints, and the lack of sports facilities, and provides recommendations to overcome these obstacles.
Research Objectives
Identify the importance of sports in empowering women in rural communities.
Explore how sports contribute to enhancing women's self-confidence and improving their health.
Clarify the role of sports in expanding women's social networks and developing their leadership skills.
Analyze success stories of rural women who have been able to achieve accomplishments through sports.
Identify the challenges faced by rural women in practicing sports and provide recommendations to overcome them.

Abstract: Air quality has a direct impact on overall health and body performance, especially when exercising, as it increases the body's consumption of oxygen and thus increases exposure to risks associated with polluted air. Its importance is demonstrated by increasing air inhalation during exercise, which increases the breathing rate and volume of inhaled air, leading to larger amounts of pollutants entering the respiratory system, such as fine particles (PM2.5), ozone, and nitrogen dioxide. Continuing to exercise in polluted places may expose people to a group of diseases, including asthma and bronchitis, and when practicing it in the long term, it may lead to the risk of cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer. Therefore, we must check the air quality before exercising through a group of applications or sites that provide data on air quality, such as the AQI (Air Quality Index). If the pollution level is high, it is preferable to exercise indoors. We will discuss some of the climatic factors that have a direct impact on the practice of sports, including temperature and humidity, which have a significant impact on the performance and health of athletes during training or competitions, because climatic conditions affect the body's ability to regulate temperature and maintain water balance.

This comprehensive review seeks to explore the pivotal role of exercise in modifying the physiological and psychological responses to daily life stressors in women. This article aims to analyze the available scientific evidence on the impact of different types of exercise (such as aerobic exercise, strength training, and yoga) on a wide range of physiological (such as heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol levels) and psychological (such as anxiety, depression, mood, self-esteem) indicators in women who experience daily life stressors. In addition, this article seeks to identify the potential mechanisms through which exercise makes these modifications, focusing on the role of the nervous system, the hormonal system, and the immune system. It also aims to assess the quality of previous studies and identify existing knowledge gaps, and provide recommendations for designing future studies that are more accurate and comprehensive. This review is expected to contribute to our understanding of the relationship between exercise and the response to life stress in women, and provide practical guidance for developing effective intervention programs to improve women's physical and mental health.

The research aims to identify academic procrastination and legal knowledge in basketball among fourth-stage female students and to identify the relationship between academic procrastination and legal knowledge in basketball for fourth-stage female students. The descriptive approach was used using the correlational method. The research sample included fourth-stage female students - Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - College of Education for Girls - University of Kufa - for the academic year 2022-2023, numbering (40) female students. The academic procrastination scale was applied with its (28) paragraphs representing (3) areas (cognitive, emotional, behavioral) with five-point answer alternatives. The legal knowledge scale in basketball was applied with its (46) paragraphs, the answer to which is through (multiple choice), by choosing the correct answer from among three alternatives. The results were extracted using the statistical package (spss), and the research came out with conclusions from it that fourth-stage female students enjoy a low degree of academic procrastination and a high degree of legal knowledge in basketball. There is a positive correlation between academic procrastination and legal knowledge of basketball among fourth-year female students. The researchers recommend taking into account that lecture or exam dates do not conflict with activities offered in the college to close one of the doors leading to procrastination among students, and to pay attention to updating teaching methods and using interesting and popular means in teaching academic subjects so that students do not become alienated from them.

The maximum not unusualplace endocrine situation in ladies of reproductive age, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) reasons cardiometabolic, reproductive, mental, and dermatological signs and symptoms similarly to decreased great of life. Lifestyle interventions, specifically established exercising regimens carried out via way of means of certified exercising professionals along with medical physiologists, are taken into consideration essential strategies withinside the control of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) attributable to their fine effect on diverse fitness results and average great of life. Built at the 2023 global evidence-primarily based totally recommendations for the assessment and remedy of polycystic ovarian syndrome, this role assertion defines the function of the exercising expert inside a multidisciplinary care crew comprising medical doctors and allied fitness professionals. This role assertion is supposed to offer exercising practitioners with an intensive know-how of the pathophysiology of PCOS, its diagnostic standards and medical care, in addition to evidence-primarily based totally, consensus recommendations applicable to bodily hobby and exercising withinside the control of PCOS. Following widespread populace bodily hobby recommendations, people with PCOS need to goal for one hundred fifty to three hundred mins of moderate-depth exercising or seventy five to one hundred fifty mins of vigorous-depth cardio hobby each weekend, or a enough blend of each at some stage in the week.

The advancement in athletic performance resulted from improvements in the training process, the enhancement of methodological approaches, and the adaptation to various situations. The use of training applications is considered one of the modern training methods for developing imechanical powers, the accuracy of the beating overwhelming skill, scoring points, and achieving favorable outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of using training applications to develop the mechanical power of the arms and legs, as well as their direct influence on improving the accuracy of the beating overwhelming skill among advanced female volleyball players. The research hypothesized the existence of significant differences in the study variables. The experimental method was employed, utilizing a one-group design with pre-and post-tests. The experiment was conducted on a sample of 10 players from a Specialized School for Talented Sports in Volleyball .After administering pre-tests, applying the training interventions, and conducting post-tests, the findings emphasized the importance of movement timing, particularly focusing on stride length and temporal rhythm, due to their direct impact on altering and enhancing the form of skill performance.

Autoimmune diseases are conditions characterized by immune dysregulations leading to tissue damage in the host. Autoimmune disease rates are increasing rapidly in many parts of the world due to environmental and lifestyle factors. Most autoimmune diseases require lifelong treatment and significantly impact affected individuals and their families, society, and healthcare costs. There are more than 80 types of AID, including common pathologies such as type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as rarer diseases that may take years to diagnose.
Exercise has a significant impact on improving the quality of life for women living with autoimmune diseases. Regular physical activity helps reduce systemic inflammation, regulate immune function, and alleviate symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and fatigue—common challenges associated with these conditions. Beyond physical benefits, exercise enhances mental well-being by reducing stress and anxiety, which can exacerbate autoimmune flares. Activities such as yoga, swimming, and walking are particularly beneficial, as they combine low-impact movement with stress-relief techniques. Tailored exercise regimens not only help women better manage their symptoms but also foster a sense of empowerment and control over their health. By integrating exercise into daily routines, women with autoimmune diseases can achieve improved physical and emotional resilience, ultimately leading to a higher quality of life.
The aim of this review is to highlight the Occurrence of autoimmune diseases among women and summarize the role of regular exercise training in decrease the symptoms or healing of these disorder conditions.

Female participants in HI sports are at a higher risk for skin mycosis infection due to a number of reasons including frequent sweating, prolonged skin dampness, and usage of shared surfaces. These infections; such as dermatophytosis, candidiasis, and Malassezia related infections affect the performance of athletes and their quality of life. Specifically, the study purports to determine the occurrence, types and likely causes of skin fungal infections among the female high impact sports and the most efficient ways of preventing the same. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 participants, divided into two groups: 50 women of athletes and 50 women of non-athletes (control). Information was obtained using questionnaires and checklists, plus clinical assessment and microbiological swabs of the skin and nails. Additional observations included sweat rate, skin alkalinity and level of contamination of the exercise facilities employed.
It was again, as expected, noteworthy that 40% of athletes under the study were found positive for fungal lesions compared with 15% of the non-athletes. The frequently found parasitic infections were Tinea pedis 25% and Tinea cruris 15%, Candidiasis 10% and Tinea versicolor 8%. Athletes had denser sweat rate (425 ± 90 mL/hour) and lower skin pH (5.2 ± 0.5) which were favorable to fungal growth. Major environmental challenges High humidity during training 65±10 and contaminated equipment 850±120 CFU/cm². Other procedures which contributed towards the infection risks included such measures as delayed showering particularly after exercising.

Physical activity plays a crucial role in overall health, including reproductive well-being. This paper explores the multifaceted effects of exercise on reproductive health in both men and women, analyzing hormonal balance, fertility, menstrual health, pregnancy outcomes, and sexual function. While moderate exercise is generally beneficial, excessive physical activity can lead to reproductive challenges such as menstrual irregularities and hormonal imbalances. The study also discusses the role of exercise in mitigating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and erectile dysfunction. The findings underscore the importance of balanced physical activity in optimizing reproductive health.

Any society's growth and development depend on having a lively and healthy population. Due to the reduced physical demands of modern technical and industrial cultures, people—especially female employees—suffer from various bodily discomforts. In this situation, physical activity is essential to preserving and enhancing function, health, and quality of life. The ultimate purpose of this research is to determine the impact of sports on human health, particularly among Iraqi women workers, and to accomplish sustainable objectives for women's health. The investigation was conducted using a literature review strategy. According to the current study, sports raise not only physical efficiency but also mental and social well-being. Sport provides the natural foundation for an independent and self-determined life by encouraging the process of continuous adaptation to changing circumstances. As a result, motor exercise can be used to improve one's quality of life. The human body has several different adaptations that go hand in hand with regular physical activity. These comprise the immune system, the endocrine system, the metabolism, the cardiopulmonary system, the skeletal and muscular systems, the brain, and mental function. Regular exercise improves and maintains health. Starting regular physical activity early in life and continuing it throughout is especially beneficial to one's health. Furthermore, sports can provide opportunities for social, physical, or natural encounters. The researchers also suggested that everyone become more aware of the importance of Iraqi women participating in sports.

Physical activity is an important factor in treating many diseases in women, and because good health is one of the important goals of sustainable development, the study addressed the treatment of obesity in women by re-regulating reproductive hormones, as the KISS1 hormone plays a role in regulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis and plays a fundamental role in human reproductive function, in addition to its effective contribution to regulating metabolism and hormones in the body by changing body weight and reaching the ideal weight, women who suffer from overweight and who suffer from hormonal and neurological disorders by linking hormones to the kisspeptin hormone secreted by the hypothalamus, ovaries, adipose tissue, pancreas, small intestine, liver and placenta. There are clear physiological effects of exercise on the levels of hormones, endocrine glands and neurotransmitters, especially the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, by directing some intensive exercises to maintain the level of kisspeptin to be a target for regulating hormone levels.

The current study addresses part of the sustainable development project plan, which emphasizes the need to pay attention to women’s health in society. Also the study addresses the importance of sports and its positive impact on health in general, especially in light of chronic diseases and highlights the positive effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system, such as reducing blood pressure, improving cardiovascular health, maintaining normal blood sugar levels and its effects on the body's immunity, in addition to the role of good nutrition in enhancing the health benefits of sports and emphasizing the importance of maintaining a balanced diet to support these benefits. There are many challenges that women face when practicing sports, such as social pressures and physical obstacles. On the other hand, there are solutions to enhance participation in sports activities through special sports programs and community support. It is important to point out the importance of regular exercise as part of a healthy lifestyle.

Empowerment, the process by which a person is enabled to increase control over decisions concerning their life, is a multidimensional construct that has been extensively discussed by various disciplines for more than four decades. Several empowerment models have been presented, based on different approaches. Women empowerment is one of the modalities of women equity. Psychological empowerment is needed for the inner self-empowerment of an individual woman. Until and unless women are mentally strong and psychologically sound, they will not be able to overcome the hindrances in the path of their empowerment.
A psychologically distressed woman would never be able to withstand the outlash of difficulties at home or at work because of low self-esteem and higher stress levels. The decision-making power and resilience in stressful situations may also get affected because of the low psychological empowerment levels. Thus, a need to psychologically empower women be they homemakers or working women is essential. Various psychological factors need to be given importance in women’s psyche to improve their quality of life.

The effectiveness of the high jump is characterized by repetition and practice of the stages of the motor sequence with correct repetitions accompanied by feedback in order to achieve better performance. Therefore, the researcher decided to prepare special exercises using competitive methods and increase their motivation towards learning. The researcher used the experimental method on a sample of (24) female students in the first stage, section (C), divided into two experimental and control groups. She used competitive exercises for a period of (4 weeks) at a rate of two units per week. She concluded that special exercises using competitive methods had a positive effect on learning the level of technical performance of the high jump effectiveness for female students.

The aim of the research was to identify the preparation of a scale for some behavioral problems among orphan girls aged (12-14) years, as well as to identify the effectiveness of sports-recreational activity in reducing some behavioral problems among orphan girls. The researcher followed the experimental method with an individual experimental group design with pre- and post-tests. The application was applied to a sample of (10) girls residing in Dar Al-Zahour for Orphans affiliated with the Social Welfare Directorate - Babylon Governorate, The research tool, represented by the scale of some behavioral problems, was applied to the experimental research group after verifying its scientific foundations. The pre-measurement of the scale was conducted, and then the vocabulary of the sports-recreational activity was applied to the individual experimental group. After completing its implementation, the post-measurement was conducted and the data was extracted, which was processed using appropriate statistical means, According to the research results achieved, the researcher reached several conclusions, including: that sports-recreational activity has a significant effect and role in reducing some behavioral problems among orphan girls aged (12-14) years. In light of this, the researcher recommended the necessity of implementing sports-recreational activity in orphanages, as well as the necessity of preparing the educational environment with the capabilities and tools necessary to implement sports activity, with the preparation of recreational games that work to reduce unwanted and inappropriate behaviors among orphan girls.

This article is a review that addresses the following topics, divided into paragraphs. The first paragraph investigates the effects of physical activity on ovarian function, analyzing, in particular, the changes concerning the serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid hormones, leptin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y. The second paragraph analyzes the effects of doping on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Finally, the last paragraph analyzes the PCOS category, evaluating the effects of hyperandrogenism in relation to athletic performance.