AL-ADAB JOURNAL

Modern American elegy reveals a change in the attitude of mourning from the traditional lamenting approach to some anti-elegiac attitudes towards the mourned figure. Many American poets have lamented the pass away of the stately figure of the father. However, some poets attack their dead father, and ridiculed him in a poem that is intended to be an elegy, instead of showing passion, homage and love to him. In this regard, two poetic attitudes to the father can be traced in modern American poetry. The first one takes the form of tributes and praise, offering great admiration, compassion, and love for the father. For these poets, a father is an inspiration. The second voice develops some anger and contempt against the patriarchal authority embodied in the father. These attitudes are menifested and incarnated in selected elegies by Mark Strand (1934-2014) and Sharon Olds (1942- ). This paper investigates the attitude towards the muorned father as expressed by each of them in some of their elegies.

In our Arabic literature, there are many literary personalities with a troubled psychology that has become complicated and influenced their behavior and approach. We often read the effects of artists and we cannot find the meaning of this or that, and if we look for their motives in artistic production, Many of the psychological impulses are what drive man to artistic production in general and literary in particular, and because of the pent-up psychological tendencies that affect poetic life and influence unconsciously, and took these characters of art as a means of compensation literary text another image of the face of the writer, a To be fought by the Supreme Ego and prevent them from verifying, and in the literary text we hear the echoes of pent-up feelings, and the desires attached, picking up their new identity, Which appeared in the form of symbols and words and images, the writers tried to compensate for the sense of lack of the lack of ability to integrate into their society, as the community often stood in the way of achieving many of the desires that are always seeking to satisfy because of the constraints that were the customs and traditions and values and norms that built the community on Based on our study, we found that there are complex contracts, met in the same poet as one who suffered a decade : ( Slavery, color, deprivation of the explicit lineage first, and the love of Abla ), since he was seized by the contract of slavery and descent, and were linked together, since the granting of his father freedom, and get rid of slavery, and recognized by his father, could overcome these two nodes, The color (black), and repudiate (Abla) and rejected it, and mockery by him, remained two contracts could not Altatrp because they are inherent to him, and the second inevitable result of the first .

Anigma provide us with objects and phenomina above nature .Pastmodrenists sought to include their narrative texts in the lives of superstitious heros as well as the overlape of the term with the fasnic ,exotic, magical …etc. In order to influence the reader and give their texts aesthetic or a desire to criticize the political and sotial systems.The subject is tow parts ,the first is the personal wonder where the novelists employed characters with metaphysical abilities and predicting transmitted through the past ,present and future of personalities suffered from psychological conflicts moved between the worldly and the other world.In the second part , the event dealt with the miracle and included the collection of acts of characters that came to give the novel the strength and significance of multiple enabled diversity and the use of mythical and mythical to mock the reality.

Anigma provide us with objects and phenomina above nature .Pastmodrenists sought to include their narrative texts in the lives of superstitious heros as well as the overlape of the term with the fasnic ,exotic, magical …etc. In order to influence the reader and give their texts aesthetic or a desire to criticize the political and sotial systems.The subject is tow parts ,the first is the personal wonder where the novelists employed characters with metaphysical abilities and predicting transmitted through the past ,present and future of personalities suffered from psychological conflicts moved between the worldly and the other world.In the second part , the event dealt with the miracle and included the collection of acts of characters that came to give the novel the strength and significance of multiple enabled diversity and the use of mythical and mythical to mock the reality.

Arabic Prose writings of the Ghanaian Muslim scholars serve as an important medium of their artistic expressions. It is an art they inherited from ancestors, nurtured it and used, though limply, to address social and religious issues. This study therefore examined the historical development of Prose writing and the changing faces of authorship by Ghanaian Muslim Scholars in modern Ghana. The objectives were to examine this literary writings and evaluate their intellectual and artistic worth. The study adopted the historical and descriptive approach to trace the development of Prose writing in Ghana, and to evaluate the famous works of the leading scholars, and analyze them to establish their intellectual and artistic growth.

The poetic movement modernism since its establishment until our recent day has produced two trends in the writing of poetry which is called committed poetry. The poets attempted to link between the poem and active ideological , national and social background. The poet AbdulWahhab al-Bayati , Salah AbdulSaboor and Amil Danqal and others are most prominent poets in this aspect.
The other is called vision poetry , this trend does not get its meanings and its semantic structure unless from the vision of the world , so the poem out of its expressional entity is considered as a complete illusion.
The Iraqi poet ( Omar Aanaz) as an example , attempted to mix these two trends in a way that gave post –modernism, since he has poetic intuition and linguistic enrichment that reflect in his volume ((Talaa Mushtaha) he organized during three years which he spent abroad ( expelled from his Home) , he embodied his visions , his thoughts , and love , peace in the world as well.

The historical sources overlooked the life, institutions, educational and scientific centers in the first period after the completion of the process of opening Andalusia as the stage of establishing and conquering some of what is witnessed by the mosques of educational activity, and reflected the unrest experienced by Andalus in all cases and at the same time not affected by the local Gothic culture because The weakness and weakness of this culture and the multiplicity of disputes, so limited the quotation of what is necessary from the culture of the Arab Mashreq to walk life in accordance with the provisions of legitimacy
It is worth noting that the Andalusian translation books provided many examples illustrating the scientific connection that developed between the centers and cultural centers in Andalusia and other countries in the Islamic world. However, the students of science were receiving their knowledge of the elders of their time, starting in the same city where they grew up If they have mastered this first stage, they have come to meet the elders of the age in the cities of Andalusia

The study of the characters took an important place in the field of historical studies on the contemporary history of Iraq, And has received considerable attention from researchers in the field of history, The fact that the historical event is the maker of the person, Especially as linking the person to the event is an attempt to highlight political developments and understand their events, And to know the facts and conditions that were living in the country in the period experienced by that character, And Abdul-Hussein Al-Attiyah, one of the personalities who had a distinctive role in public life from the history of contemporary Iraq, Whether in the political or administrative side, And to indicate the efforts exerted to serve his country, And to indicate the efforts he has made to serve his country, through the positions of responsibility he has assumed and his contribution to various activities, Abdul-Hussain Al-Attiyah promised a model that could combine the political and economic fields. However, there were many interpretations and opinions about him and his historical background in the popular, political and academic circles. After the absence of more than five consecutive decades of Iraq, , So we decided to highlight this character research and study.

The Basin of Wadi Jeda is one of the dry river basins, which are characterized by seasonal water flow coincides with the rainy season in winter, as the rainfall within this region is characterized by fluctuation and irregularity in the times of its fall, as well as fluctuation in the amount of falling quantities, and often rainfall falls in the form of Prolific and in a short period of time, and for the purpose of knowing the size of runoff, and the amount of water running on the surface, and whether it can be utilized, and employed in a way that serves the study area, was relied on the evidence of the maintenance of the American soil known as the presumption (SCS - CN), which specializes in estimating the depth of running The surface, and the coefficient of runoff through a rainstorm, it was found that the area is characterized by the diversity of the ground cover, but with regard to hydrological soil, three varieties were detected within the study area, which was the soil with the varieties (A, B, C(.

The study addressed the Biochemistry ecosystems of the marshes of Maysan Governorate as one of the important areas in Iraq in terms of the environmental, economic and tourism aspects. This area was exposed to great environmental changes due to natural and human factors which greatly affected the water ecosystem and made the area susceptible to many problems that affected the biological life of living organisms. The marshes of Maysan Governorate was affected by vital factors and non-vital factors. The marshes of Maysan Governorate was characterized by the UN Organization as one of the most important centers of biodiversity in the world because of the abundance of different and rare living organisms such as birds, fish, and reptiles as well as the existence of oil wealth and environmental tourism

The study has dealt with the subject of spatial analysis of commercial centers closed (malls) in the city of Baghdad by using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The study shows the variation for the distribution of malls in different places in the city of Baghdad. As it has been the adoption of software technologies (ArcMap and ArcCataloge) as it has been the establishment of a geographical database and remote sensing and the use of GIS capabilities in advanced analysis in the collection and production of accurate site maps. When conducting the spatial analysis of the reality of the geographical distribution of the ports, the analysis of the standard distance shows that the malls are located within the center of Baghdad and has got municipalities Al Mansour ,Al Karrada and Al Ghadir top municipalities in distances. And done using the nearest neighbor analysis, the distribution is scatter, which is less than the random pattern and aggregates in certain areas.
But the analysis of the campus in a way that reveals(Buffer) the relationship between the distance and the phenomenon shows determine the impact points of moles on the population and the surrounding area within Bamol (500-1500) m,then it was found that the impact areas are high for the Malls and have a high impact on the surroundings of the towers . As we conclude from the method of weighted inverted analysis that the nature of the spread of the apostates graduated from the center of the city to the outside and irregularly and is centered around the areas of high income level and through the implementation of Krnging shows that the number of apostates tends to fragmentation and concentrated in the areas of Al-Mansour , Al-Karkh and Karrada.

This research aims to Determine the relationship between Teleconnections patterns, which is represented by Pressure oscillations and Seasonal Climate Droughts in Iraq. A statistical Analysis using two data was carried out in this paper, first: Local Meteorology represented by the Analysis of Rainfall data in 15 Climatic Stations distributed spatially to the total spatial coverage of Iraq to monitor the Climatic Drought using the Standardized Precipitation Index S.P.I, and the second the Pressure Oscillations data, the search included 10 of which were spatially distributed as air ground control points in the spherical (Ocean- Air) global bands. The temporal dimension of the total of these data is determined within a series extending from (1952-2017) within a seasonal sequence (Autumn, Winter, Spring).
In a practical analysis, Pearson's Correlation Method was used to determine the direction of the relationship and its long-term effect. It was found that the distance Correlation of the Total Oscillations had a two-way relationship with the increase and decrease of the Climatic Droughts over Iraq, Positive (negative) phase with SPI + (SPI) to become a positive relationship and vice versa in its inverse relationship. Five of the oscillators were found to be Negative: Arctic Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, Mulita decade Atlantic Oscillation, East Atlantic, and another five with a positive relationship: East Atlantic West Russia, North Sea_ Caspian Pattern, Mediterranean Oscillation Index, Indian Ocean Diploe, Sothern Oscillation Index, Ocean Nino Index. The bonds may show seasonal and spatial changes, depending on the Correlation Significance. The oscillations affecting the Season are determined as Seasonal Climatic Indicators for the Autumn on ONI, IOD and AO & NAO, EAWR, NCP, SOI in Winter and AMO, EA and MOI in the Spring.

The study aims (Analysis of groundwater characteristics between the governors of Dhi Qar and Qadisiya (, which are located within the flood plain between latitude (-45 30 ° and- 15 32 °) , longitude (-30 44 ° and -30 46 °) The physical and chemical properties of groundwater in the study area vary. The study also examined the general characteristics of wells in the region. Most of the depth wells ranged between 6 and 22 m at an average rate of (9.40) ,While fixed levels ranged between (1.13 m) and (2.60) m, while the moving levels ranged between (2-16 m) and (4.49) The Production capacity ranged between (0.14, 3.3 m / s) and the rate of (1.68 m / s).

The research's purpose is to define the effects of water sources on Euphrates water levels within the area starting from Hsaiba town and Qaem at Iraqi-Syrian borders, passing through Anbar governorate till south of Abo-Gareeb town where Euphrates runs in regional depression resulted from structural movements within this area .This depression resulted from mechanical and chemical erosion due to the running of Euphrates water for long years. Many valleys (Al-Qaem, Al-Maniei, Al-Bateekha, Zagdan, Al-Fahami, Al-Akhadhar , Khabaz, Al-Maraj, Haqlan, Horan, Al-Mohammadi) join Euphrates in Iraqi territory from its borders until it arrives at the Sedimentary Plain where Euphrates becomes draining stream of these valleys' water in the rain season. This research concluded that this area's drainages have never been maintained since taking them from the implementing company which caused big damage that led to breakdown such projects raising groundwater level. However, the area which was occupied by ISIS is mostly mined and is forbidden for civilians and to survey such area, a big demining campaign is needed to allow us define and fix the damage. So Big treatment procedures are needed.

The problem of desertification is one of the problems that has become one of the most serious challenges we face today. Many have linked the term desertification to the desert, and this is a common mistake, because the desert is a Bio climate region after the end of the rainy age and the drought age. That is, it was fifty thousand years ago, and desertification became a dangerous phenomenon due to the environmental, economic and social dimensions it carries in the world in general. International organizations and bodies rushed to hold conferences, studies and agreements on this phenomenon and completed the first map of desertification by United Nations bodies in 1977 with the convening of the United Nations Desertification Conference in Nairobi, Kenya in (1986) and in (2000) the International Conference to Combat Desertification was held in a Bonn, Germany, Dinah participated in this conference Twenty Arab countries and this reflects the anxiety experienced by all the Arab countries, without exception, from the encroachment of the desert and the resulting social, cultural, environmental and economic impacts, and even political and security
Desertification, in its general sense, is a natural phenomenon that accompanies the lack of rainfall and high temperatures and evaporation. The relationship between rain and heat is the one that determines evaporation, and the latter can be used to define drought accurately. This cannot be the case if the definition of drought is dependent on one climatic component and all attempts have been made to define it through One climatic element came in short and short to give an accurate concept of drought.

There is a clear interest today to positive psychology because it dives in the positive barracks of the human soul, as well as the topics of positive psychology interesting and controversial at the same time, including the positive variable positive emotions is a positive side in the human psyche and affect the mental health and behavior of the individual in general. The researchers believe that psychological variables may affect the positive emotions, including satisfaction with life; the objectives of the current research aimed at the following:
1-Positive feelings among university students.
2 - Differences in positive feelings among university students according to specialization (human / scientific).
3 - land on the life of university students.
4 - Differences in satisfaction with the life of university students according to variable specialization (human, scientific)
5 - Relationship positive feelings of satisfaction with life of university students.
In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researchers extracted the statistical characteristics of the parameters (the distinction and difficulty of the paragraphs, and the validity of the standards) and after analyzing the data using the appropriate statistical means, the research concluded the following results:
1- Anbar University students have a high level of positive feelings.
2 - There are no significant differences in positive feelings according to the variable specialization.
3. Anbar University students enjoy life satisfaction.
4 - There are differences of significant significance in the satisfaction of life on the basis of the variable specialization and in favor of scientific specialization
5 - There is no relationship between positive feelings and satisfaction with life.

The current research's goal lies into knowing the psychological reflections by using the modern technology among the Iraqi families along with its relationship with some variables. The current research's sample composed of (300) of Iraqi families in Baghdad governorate. After constructing and preparing the scale and applying it to the sample's members, the data has been analyzed by using the statistical means (SPSS) and statistical means that being appropriate to process them.
The results of the research have shown that using the modern technology has psychological reflections on the Iraqi family, either on parents or children altogether; besides , the duration of its use negatively affects the psychological reflections of parents and children within the Iraqi family. The results have also showed that the depressive response among parents is less than the children, while the level of anxiety and psychological pressure among parents has been higher than that in children.The researcher has reached to a number of recommendations and proposals.

Alshaibi dealt with intellectual, philosophical Sufi cases in his discussions, writings and lectures, some consider that Sufism has no relation with philosophy, but we say that Sufism treated issues in existing and knowledge philosophy, In existence, the righteous may deny his existence and remain in the divine presence, and the mental sensory knowledge might not help him, the knowledge of the illuminations and the lords flood will save him. Basing on this, Mostafa Kamel Alshaibi dealt with the issues of Islamic Sufism Through the Islamic environment and his Arabic and Islamic origins, and his interpretations and opinions are no less important than the philosophies of Arabs thinkers or orientalists, and this is a certificate confirmed by the students of Shabibi and those who read or spoke about him, may God mercy on him. Despite the fact that the researcher wasn’t taught by Shaibi, but the opinions that he wrote got him to have students over time, and what is written in this research is a brief to his idea especially in Islamic Sufism, I hope that time will help me to write more about him and he really deserves more.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our Prophet " Muhammad and His Family and Companions and those who followed them with charity until the Day of Judgment".
The research has included the Allah 's bestowal to the believers in the Koran as that come into the verses of Quran.
I have gathered most of my thoughts in this search for the importance of bestowal and for the importance of the introduction of joy and contentment, and because of the encouragement of the faithful slaves to good deeds. Perhaps the importance of this research lies in the statement of the verses that are concerned with the entry of happiness into the believers' selves and spread love.
This methodology in my research was as follows:
1. Dealing with the verses concerning the believers and the introduction of pleasure and interpretation during the presentation and understanding the wisdom and the purpose of that.
2. The Prophet Mohammed 's Instructions and the sayings of the righteous predecessor because of its importance.
I have divided my research into three chapters, the first chapter: dealt with the bestowal of Allah to the believers who do good works, and the second chapter: which includes the giving of God to the believers now and in future, and the third chapter examined the sacrifice of believers' themselves to God Almighty.

The research consists of four chapters: First: addressing the problem of research, which crystallized by asking the following:
Q: What is the role played by privacy in influencing the interior design of medical beauty centers? And how can (spatial privacy) be achieved as an acquired right of the individual, being one of the most important factors that affect him through his dealings with the internal space, if appropriate for its nature or not? The objective of the research is to contribute to the ideas that can be found to find the specificity of the place with the conceptual, intellectual and civilizational significance of the interpretation and its importance in achieving the process of communication between the user and the internal space. As well as shedding light on spatial privacy and its effects on the nature of human behavior within the spaces of medical beauty centers. And the disclosure of the mechanisms of design associated with the realization of privacy within the centers, as well as to clarify the importance of the place and its effective role in achieving the success of the design within the limits and requirements of the functional and aesthetic and legal aspects, and within the spatial and temporal boundaries of medical beauty centers in the city of Baghdad to the side (Karkh and Rusafa) between2017- 2015, as well as specifying the terms in the search title to produce procedural definitions. The second chapter: The theoretical framework, which is represented in two sections, the first: is specialized in highlighting the privacy of the place. The second includes the factors affecting spatial privacy, medical beauty centers and their internal design. The descriptive approach in the analysis of the two models, which were deliberately selected from the whole research community, was adopted in the research tool on the form of the axes of analysis, and the description and analysis of the research models. Chapter IV: Conclusions, Conclusions, Proposals, Recommendations and Sources. Among the conclusions reached are:
1. Privacy is a subjective measure. Ie, its definition and limits vary from one environment to another and from one intellectual point of view to another. But the common denominator in all definitions is the perspective of one of the human rights in life, but it depends mainly on the environment and the context.
2. The importance of design identity and privacy is reinforced by the link between positive heritage and contemporary civilizational creativity. That is to communicate with the heritage to form contemporary designs and distinct references have a link between the past, present and future. Which is what the designer seeks to find a special fingerprint with meanings and vocabulary distinguish them from others.

Persian, like other languages, is a language of dialogue, eloquence, and rhetoric in its written form. When it comes to teaching it to non-natives, we found a difficulty in its spoken and written forms experienced by those non-natives due to a non-understanding of the basic rules of dialogue and writing, along with inaccuracy of transforming them to receptors. This seems to be due to a mispronunciation of its phonemes. When we studied this linguistic feature, we have observed that Persian did not differ from other languages. Thus, this topic is selected so as we and non-native speakers get acquainted to the important phonetic and syllabification rules, and the to the way these rules get modified in speaking or writing, along with how they vary so as to make clear how they are distinct to non-native speakers.
The aim is to facilitate the process of conversation to non-native learners via exposing important phonetic and syllabification rules, as well as how speaking and writing vary. This is done by identifying words, verbs, and sentences used therein, and comparing them so as to make the learner know their variaition and difficulty.
The study comes out to facilitate speaking Persian by non-native by removing difficulties and problems they face and by understanding the basic rules followed in studying conversation, the rules that are not less important than those used in formal mode of speaking or writing.