iklil for Humanity Studies

In native and EFL contexts، speech act of disagreement is one acts that is commonly employed. Although speech act studies are many، however، the ones conducted on disagreements in terms of gender are still scant. To fill in this gap، the study sampled EFL teachers from both genders. The study adapted cross-sectional quantitative method in which descriptive and statistical calculations were utilized to test the hypotheses under study. The results yielded that، in terms of explicitness، male teachers significantly use more explicit performative verbs while female teachers resort to implicit performative expressions. In terms of directness، it was found that male teachers give larger use to the negative explicit performative verb 'agree' while female teachers opt to more indirect strategies for disagreement.

The right to education represents one of the most important basic intellectual rights of citizens in the state, and it is a translation of what international rules and constitutional texts stipulated in explicit rules that frame that right. Each of them and the duties that should be adhered to, and with those rules, the current era is characterized by rapid change in all areas of life, including the educational field, which requires those in charge of the educational institution to work on its advancement and development for the better; To improve the level of education within the country Technological developments have a great impact on the educational process, which should be accessed. To ensure the right to free education for all, especially after countries were exposed to the so-called Corona pandemic, and the impact it left on the educational process that required governments to approve e-learning in that period, all of these developments must have an impact on legal centers in the educational process in terms of Rights and duties ; Therefore, our research came out of the importance of the right to education; And what he was exposed to from a tangible setback in the educational process, whether for the teacher or the studentThis is evident from what we found that the Supreme Committee for Health and National Safety issued many decisions that necessitated the impact of a shift towards e-learning, which the Ministries of Education were not fully prepared to adopt, which affected the quality of education and its outputs, and that the protection contained in the Teacher Protection Law Among the attacks that affect the educational staff in the Ministry of Education do not extend to the protection of the university professor, in addition to that the penalties mentioned in the Teacher Protection Law are simple penalties that do not limit the repeated attacks on the cadres of educational institutions in the Ministry of Education, and that there is a set of obligations that fall on the student, including the obligation to dress official, as well as attending at the official scheduled time for lectures without being late In addition to the commitment to refrain from smoking in the educational institution based on Anti-Smoking Law No. (19) for the year 2012 AD, and as a result of what has been shown, we aspire the executive authority to work to increase the financial allocations for the Ministries of Education to work on providing logistical materials related to e-learning and training cadres on the best programs that Achieve effective, active education of high quality in the outputs in anticipation of any health or unhealthy condition. E-learning must be adopted to correct previous mistakes that occurred in the electronic educational process, in addition to amending the text contained in the effective teacher protection law. To be as follows: "Anyone who assaults, in any way, the educational staff in state institutions or in private educational institutions shall be punished with imprisonment for a period of no less than 10 years and a fine of no less than 10 million dinars

Livestock is a natural heritage that has environmental، scientific and economic importance، but the reality in which we live، which is consistent with research and scientific studies، reveals that animals are in constant decline and may reach extinction due to continuous human activity. Therefore، it has become necessary to have a legal system that protects these organisms and guarantees their survival and continuity in their environment and natural surroundings. Which was enshrined by the Iraqi legislator by adopting several legal mechanisms، the most important of which are the protected areas that he regulated under the law related to protected areas in light of sustainable development، which has an important role in protecting endangered animals by prohibiting some human activities and approving the granting of licenses in advance for some permissible activities as one of the preventive mechanisms And imposing penalties on violators of the provisions of the animal protection law as a deterrent mechanism.

International negotiations are considered one of the most important peaceful ways and means to resolve conflicts that arise between states for political or economic reasons. In this research, we have tried to clarify this peaceful method and show the extent of its effectiveness at the level of international law after it was referred to and confirmed by many international conventions, including the United Nations Charter, where international negotiations contributed to resolving many outstanding issues in the international community in order to avoid turning it into war and armed conflict. between countries, and through what we observe at the present time that there are many differences and conflicts between countries, so it has become imperative for international organizations, including the United Nations, to oblige countries to resolve their disputes by peaceful means, including the method of international negotiations instead of using war as a way to solve them, this war that It would help to cause destruction to the world's population, so we will try in this research to explain the role of international negotiations as a peaceful way to resolve disputes between countries

The study presents a geopolitical analysis of problems of ethnic pluralism and a strategy to confront them in Arab world. Second: its geographical location، which led to gathering of more than one characteristic on its land، including ethnic plurality of population. The study devoted itself to proving validity of hypotheses by identifying ethnic groups and their areas of concentration in Arab countries، in addition to analyzing internal and external factors that provoke ethnic conflicts، given that these conflicts are most serious geopolitical problems that threaten Arab society and geography. As well as analyzing ethnic conflicts (racial، religious and sectarian) and defining their geography. In light of this dangerous reality، Arab environment seemed more severe in terms of data of a new geopolitical reconfiguration، and this geography has two epics that began to emerge and escalate strongly during past years. politics on ethnic grounds. Based on this، study presented a comprehensive strategy for managing ethnic diversity and dismantling contradictions at internal and external levels.

The division of housing units was not a spur of the moment in the capital، Baghdad Rather، it is old، but in a way that was not visible to the eye، and did not have an apparent effect on the surface than it is now، i.e. this phenomenon became widespread and increasing after 2003، not for several reasons، including the rapid population growth and the lack of Strict laws by the government to hold violators accountable، in addition to the economic factors represented by the low income level of most of the static families who cannot afford to buy a separate housing unit for their children The neighborhood of Ishbilah Locality (511 which is among the first neighborhoods of Al-Sadr Municipality، was selected as a sample for the research، as it is one of the neighborhoods that suffer from rapid population growth، and this growth leads to the formation of a number of families that need a new housing unit، which helps to divide that housing unit. to more than one department.

The research deals with measuring the trend of the maximum temperatures during the summer season for the period (1941-2020) in a comparative study between the stations of Baghdad and Basra, and the research aims to know the direction of the maximum temperatures in the stations of Baghdad and Basra, and to achieve this, a set of statistical methods were adopted, which are the curves of the differences Collected to find out the general trend line of the maximum temperature rates in the time series, and the moving averages method to find out the amount of change that occurred with time, and the most prominent results of the research indicated the tendency of the average temperature The summer maximum is towards the rise in both stations, and the amount of this rise in Basra station exceeds what was recorded by Baghdad station, where it reached in the first (7.39° C), while it reached in the second (1.62° C).

Industry is the backbone of life and its economic artery، and by it the progress and advancement of nations is measured، and handicrafts come as a part of it and the basis of industries، which Iraq abounds in in various governorates، districts and cities، each according to its heritage، traditions، spread and distribution of its local raw materials that are used in its manufacture and production، including the city of Baquba (study area) Which was shown through research and investigation that it includes many handicrafts of different types inherited through generations within the same family، whether it is existing and continuous despite the competitions of imported products manufactured with high and advanced technology، including what resists extinction and extinction despite the obstacles that stand in its way and which were put forward within The problem of the study is about their types and their endemic factors. These industries varied within the study area to include:
1- Wood and carpentry industries.
Food industries (dairy products, manufacture of pickles, bakeries and pastries, date honey (molasses) and others)
3- Manufacture of rose water and essential oils.
4- Pottery and clay oven.
5- Forge of gold and silver.
6- Sewing, home knitting, needlework and embroidery and other industries spread within the borders of the study area. Current developments.) The most important recommendations came with the need to pay attention to the labor force in the field of handicrafts، especially those that are subject to extinction، as they represent the historical and cultural heritage of the city in particular and the province in general.
And work to shed light on the handicrafts that women work on، including the various household ones، and the need to work on developing women’s capabilities within this field through support for such small industrial projects.

The importance of studying the climatic water balance lies through knowledge of the water surplus and deficit in Anbar Governorate، because of its significant impact on various environmental and human activities. Climate water budget. And then analyze the climatic water budget and know the values of water deficit and surplus and their negative and positive impact on the water situation in the governorate. It is possible to exploit the surplus water in agriculture، since the soil is saturated with water that nourishes the plant for the longest possible period. In the case of water scarcity and deficit، solutions and alternatives must be developed that will reduce the severity of the water deficit and reduce the amount of evaporation and evaporation / transpiration in the study area. The research relied on climatic data extending from the year (1981-2022 AD)، and through the application of statistical methods، it became clear that the best results appeared in the Thornthwaite method، as it showed that there was a water surplus in three months for all stations، which are months (January، February and December)، while it was recorded All stations had a water deficit for nine months of the year. A station recorded the highest rate of water surplus at (48.15 mm/year)، while Al-Nukhaib station recorded the lowest rate at (25.2 mm/year). As for the water deficit of the same method، the Ramadi station recorded the lowest rate of water deficit at (-2457.9 mm/year)، while the Nukhaib station recorded the highest rate of water deficit at (3016.8 mm/year).

This study explores the concept of resilience and resistance in the face of the difficulties and obstacles faced by the female character Samia in Giuseppe Catuzzella's Don't Tell Me You're Afraid. Samia is portrayed as a black Somali woman in a strict society who faces many obstacles and difficulties towards achieving her dream of becoming a world-class runner such as sexism, poverty and violence. This research examines how Samia clings to resilience and the resistance she adopts in the face of adversity. The aim of the study is to shed light on the methods used by Samia to overcome her ordeals and adopt a method of resilience in her resistance to adversity. The focus is also on the social systems and structures that constrain the female character Samia and perpetuate inequality and oppression. In the end, this study reveals a strong and unique picture of the heroine's ability to persevere, resist, and cling to steadfastness through the intersection of her experiences and her knowledge of the type of challenges she faces as a black woman who suffers from sexual, class, and societal discrimination.

Economic speech is largely allegorical and by a study of its expressions, economics is stated in terms of other disciplines. The goal of this research is to determine the connection between allegories of the economic speech and the systematic economics in Wallace Stevens' poems which deal with economic themes. The most valuable type of allegory in economics is the allegory of modern economic concepts, thoughts, and approaches as they are the main way in the development of life in society, and consequently, literature is used to explain it. Wallace Stevens' poems will be considered deeply, pointing out literature related to economics and economic themes. Wallace Stevens is one of America's most well-known poets of the twentieth century. He was a brilliant stylist, employing the effective and exceptional vocabularies, themes and details in his works. In addition, he is an artistic philosopher, asserting that poetry is the vital method of the artistic imagination and the objective reality. Stevens was frequently seen as a vague poet since he had a great technical and thematic ambiguity in his works. He was considered as the best and the most typical American poet of his time.

This study tackles the representation of nature in poetry, mainly in Wordsworth’s and Al-Saad’s poems. This study is based on the theoretical and analytical approaches of Russian Formalism that focuses on studying the linguistic aspects of the literary texts. Russian Formalism studies texts through “structures, imagery, syntax, rhyme scheme, paradox, personification and other literary devices” . The significance of the study lies in its purpose to introduce a comparison between two different poets whose cultural backgrounds, languages, traditions and societies are different. Wordsworth sees nature as the perfect place for tranquility and pleasure. He emphasizes that man and nature as basically adapted to each other, and the mind of man as the machine of depicting nature.

La littérature dépeint des femmes de la société de différentes façons, selon les conditions, de chacune. D’un côté, les femmes du peuples sont représentées en servantes et possèdent des conditions de vie modeste. Tout cela n’empêche pas les femmes de jouer des rôles essentiels dans certains ouvrages au cours de l’histoire.
D’autre côté, les textes littéraires médiévaux représentent davantage des femmes nobles, sous la forme de reines ou de guerrières. Leurs exploites sont aussi remarquables que ceux de leurs homologues masculins.
En fait, les femmes se rencontrent les problèmes dans la « société des hommes » qui les font désespérément résister pour parvenir à l’équation de l’amour et de l’honneur.
Les manières dont certains écrivains ont traité la question des femmes dans la littérature française révèlent la diversité de leurs idées et de leurs parcours. Plusieurs œuvres féminines montrent la domination des hommes sur des femmes et mettent en évidence certains aspects de leur supériorités et cacher certains complexes psychologiques et lacunes personnelles.

Maîtriser la production orale dans une nouvelle langue est considéré comme une visée importante dans la mesure où l’utilisation de cette nouvelle langue demande un savoir linguistique favorable. La production orale se trouve essentiellement liée aux aspects physiques de l’expression comme la verbalité, la tonalité et la gestualité. Ce sont des principes qu’on distingue souvent chez le comédien dans le théâtre. La méthode dramatique emploie toutes les compétences nécessaires aux apprenants(es) en l’enseignement/apprentissage de la langue seconde. Elle aide à créer un enchaînement entre les pratiques pédagogiques.
La présente étude s’inscrit bien entendu dans cette approche, qui se soutient à la conception de l’oral que les textes théâtraux mettent en évidence dans tous ses différents constituants. De plus, l’intention ne se borne pas d’obtenir seulement des valeurs linguistiques, mais de renforcer essentiellement l’assurance à l’oralité qui brise la crainte et la confiance en soi chez les apprenants(es). Par ailleurs, les épreuves appliquées dans cette approche didactique nous ont permis d’utiliser les textes théâtraux et de commencer à répéter et à jouer attentivement; cela fonde une phase bénéficiant qui intéresse l’acquisition d’une nouvelle langue.
L’étude actuelle vise à utiliser les textes théâtraux dans l'enseignement/apprentissage de FLE, surtout le développement de la compétence de production orale et les savoir-faire relatifs aux compétences de production orale chez les apprenants(es) de département de Français/ université de Mossoul en Irak.

The goal of the current study is to examine how most characters in Elif Shafak's "Three Daughters of Eve" view the struggle between tradition and modernity. This brilliant work moves between Oxford and Istanbul، to explore in an amazing way the relationship between faith and friendship، between poverty and wealth، and the shocking clash between modernity and tradition. The study put out the hypothesis that the narrator's language decisions and the voices of various characters in the book convey their ideologies، beliefs، and denials of their religious acceptance as well as denial of particular traditions. Additionally، it seeks to show how the novel as a whole evolves as a result of modern perspectives. Collins claims that the conventional family archetype consists of a couple who have biological children through reproduction (a man who is regarded as the family provider and a lady who stays at home) (Collins، 2015). This family model accepts the conventional division of work and family life، which limits women's roles to the private sphere of their house while men operate in a public work setting. Political identities are influenced by the conventional family structure، and experiences are similarly shaped. It was deliberate to select and analyzed passages that expressed religious notions of traditions and attitudes of modernity in order to separate the voices of the novel's numerous protagonists. Due to the novel's connections to other works، the selected texts underwent text analysis، interpretation، and quantitative analysis.

The tourism industry is one of the most prominent service industries in which the ethics of the profession represent the basic base from which to operate and tourism activities, with its comprehensive and integrated concepts. Tourism included all activities and services that are provided to tourists and visitors from the moment of their arrival to the moment of their departure within an integrated package of reception, transportation and accommodation services Excursions, tourist guides and various accompanying tourism programs.
There is no doubt that tourist guidance is an important activity that contributes to introducing the civilization of the country visited by the tourist groups, as well as valuing its heritage and religious resources and other tourist sites and destinations, especially in the organized tourist trip.
The role of the tour guide has a prominent importance in the success of the organized tourist trips and giving them a cultural and recreational character based on information and facts that enrich the memory of the tourist and his general culture.
In addition to his duties and tasks, the tour guide must manage the trip in all its aspects, and know all its components and details. It ensures the achievement of the goals and objectives of all parties to the process and the tourism experience, such as: the tourist, the travel agent, the tour operator, the regions and countries of destination, and the providers of tourism services .

The research aims to know the impact of artificial intelligence technologies in shaping what become known as the intelligent library. Computer scientists and librarians no longer have any doubts about the importance and role of artificial intelligence in changing future libraries. The importance of the topic comes from the angle of knowing how the science of artificial intelligence will change the library, what it will add to its services and what it will develop from it.
With the development of computer science and artificial intelligence and its entry into all areas of life, including libraries. It has become necessary to introduce and exploit artificial intelligence applications in its organization and work. Like all other fields. This is what the research aims to investigate. Moreover, get to know that role. In addition, a statement of what he has achieved its advantages and its shortcomings in use it in libraries.

The current study related to the study of the role of activating hologram techniques on increasing student readability rates in medical libraries، as it is a new and exciting method that can change the way we learn and teach، providing an interactive learning experience that can improve retention and understanding of materials، by relying on a random sample of Students who support the use of hologram technologies، three-dimensional holograms and the interactive environment as essential resources for students and health care professionals to study medicine and adapt to technological development and the use of digital resources such as holograms and virtual reality simulations and their benefits in the educational sector through the use of medical libraries. The study concluded with a set of results، the most important and most prominent of which is that hologram techniques help increase the ability to understand the readable content easier and faster by increasing the ability of readers to obtain information by encouraging students to do more reading and research، and that hologram techniques help social interaction And the development of their communication capabilities and simulation of medical procedures and make them more able to express themselves during the reading process and interact in the learning method، and the study presented a set of recommendations، the most important and most prominent of which is the need to work on providing hologram techniques in all libraries، which helps to increase the development of libraries and increase readability rates . The study also recommends the need to work on increasing scientific research related to the research topic in order to ensure a comprehensive and integrated understanding of the research topic and its dimensions by increasing the activation of reliance on hologram techniques in libraries on a large scale.

The political movements in the modern era of a Sufi character had a role in society in spreading ideas within its intellectual and social framework, and the Sufi orders were able to contribute to giving an image of Sufism in that it is not isolation from people, but rather Sufism took the form of calling people together and became a field for spreading religious values Humanity and morality within its political.

Work is considered the basis of the axis of the economy in Islam, and that the continuity of man, the growth of his mentality, and the building of his ownership of things cannot be established without it. Therefore, the Prophet (may God bless him and his family) stressed the issue of linking Islamic economic thought with the religious and spiritual motive in order to rid it of corruption and the pursuit of forbidden profit, and that it be The goal of a Muslim person from his work is to gain the satisfaction of God Almighty and the good for society, and Islam rejects that the goal of work for a Muslim is for a person to be a servant of money, and that the latter is the principle and the goal.
Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) in Kufa (35-40 AH / 655-660 AD) applied the theory of fair price to establish a balanced market of supply and demand, and he, peace be upon him, was very observant and accountable to his workers in the Islamic cities, and to the merchants, markets and all economic facilities And he believes that it is the duty of the state and its functions to maintain order and justice and to secure it for all people.

The orientalist de Lacy O'Leary is considered one of the orientalists who devoted themselves to the study of the Arab world, especially with regard to the history of the Arabs and Islamic studies. He was one of those who learned the Arabic language and its literature, as well as the Egyptian, Syrian and Moroccan Arabic dialects. It is the infanticide of girls that spread among the Arabs, and he considered it one of the pagan customs of the Arabs, and he referred to the Quranic verses that were mentioned in the issue of female infanticide, which Islam later invalidated

This article sheds lights over one of the most important leading characters of Iraq that could perform an administrative, political and social role in the Iraqi contamporaty history. This person, Muhammad Nuri Al- Qadhi, has gained some high ministerial and administrative posts. So, in this study, a scientific approach has been used to study his biography....

Academics and educators have turned their attention to the idea of creativity and innovation at all international and Arab educational conferences. The challenge today lies in how to implement these ideas and recommendations and put them into practice, how to adapt the curricula to reflect the results of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and how to build the learning process around comprehensive and integrated standards and goals with the aim of reaching a modern educational curriculum that stimulates creativity and innovation in schools and encourages critical thinking among students.

The orientalists in general and the orientalist schools in particular always have their goal، even if the orientalist is neutral، trying in any way to degrade Islam، adopting any narration mentioned by the historians who support the Umayyad rule to overthrow the Holy Messenger( salaa allahaelihwalah wasalam)، so the orientalist found their goal in The events of the Saqifah and others are subject to obedience to their malicious aims against Islam and Muslims، some of which، unfortunately، were written، or most of them، by the Umayyad or Abbasid hands for specific purposes.
Mostof the orientalists did not mention the biography of Al-Zahra (ealayha alsalam)، including Donaldson، except with regard to certain aspects such as the death of her father، our honorable Messenger (( salaa allahaelihwalah wasalam)) and the issue of taking the pledge of allegiance from her husband Ali(ealayh alsalam)