Journal of Education for Humanities

The current research aims to identify the effect of Fink's model on the achievement of fourth-grade scientific students in the subject of Quran and Islamic Education.
The research sample consisted of 80 fourth-grade scientific students, intentionally selected from Amer Abdullah Secondary School for Boys, affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Nineveh for the academic year 2024–2025. The students were divided into two groups: an experimental group of 40 students who were taught using Fink's model, and a control group of 40 students who were taught using the traditional method.
To achieve the research objective, an achievement test consisting of 24 items was prepared. The researcher verified its validity, reliability, and discrimination, and administered it after completing the experiment.
The researcher formulated a null hypothesis, which stated:
"There is a statistically significant difference at the (0.05) level between the mean scores of the experimental group students, who were taught using Fink's model, and the mean scores of the control group students, who were taught using the traditional method, in the achievement variable, in favor of the experimental group."
Based on the research results, several conclusions were drawn, the most notable being that the use of Fink's model in the teaching process made the instruction of Quran and Islamic Education easier and more effective in achieving the educational objectives for which the curriculum was designed.
The researcher provided several recommendations, the most important of which was encouraging Quran and Islamic Education teachers to avoid relying solely on traditional teaching methods and to incorporate modern models and strategies, including Fink’s model.
Additionally, the researcher proposed several suggestions, the most prominent being:
• The effectiveness of Fink’s model in improving the achievement of fourth-grade scientific students in Quran and Islamic Education and enhancing their academic engagement.

Abstract
The current research aims to identify "The impact of the VARK model on the development of emotional intelligence among second-grade middle school female students."
The study was based on the experimental method and adopted the experimental design with two equivalent groups and the pre- and post-test. The research sample consisted of (78) students distributed between two experimental and control groups: The first experimental group represented (40) students who studied this group using the VARK model, while the second control group represented (38) students who studied this group using the traditional method.
The researchers prepared a tool to measure intelligence consisting of (35) paragraphs within five areas: (self-awareness, emotional management, empathy, social skills, motivation) based on Daniel Goleman's scale. To extract the research results, the following statistical methods were used (t-test for two independent samples t-test, t-test for two correlated samples t-test، Item discrimination equation, Cronbach's alpha equation, Eta square equation to determine effect size, Cohen's d scale). After applying the tool before and after on the two research groups (experimental and control) and conducting statistical analyses, the results showed that the experimental group that studied using the VARK model outperformed the control group that studied using the traditional method in developing emotional intelligence. In light of this, the researchers presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: the necessity of adopting modern and diverse teaching strategies, models, methods and approaches by teachers, due to their role in students' ability to follow topics in a comfortable and logical sequence, understand the details and details of the topics, take into account individual differences between learners and develop learners' personalities.

The current era is witnessing rapid developments in the field of technology, most notably artificial intelligence (AI), which is entering various aspects of our lives, including the field of humanities and history. Historical text, in its various forms and types, represents rich raw material for studying the past and understanding the present, but dealing with it faces many challenges, including the large volume of data, the diversity of languages and dialects, and the difficulty of deciphering ancient texts.
Here the role of artificial intelligence is highlighted as a powerful and promising tool in the service of historical research and analysis of historical texts, and opening new horizons for understanding the past. The objectives of studying artificial intelligence and historical text are:
- Improving the accuracy of analysis: Artificial intelligence algorithms can analyze historical texts with great accuracy and speed, and discover hidden patterns and relationships that researchers may miss, which contributes to deepening our understanding of historical events and figures.
- Developing new research tools: Research in this field aims to develop new tools and techniques based on artificial intelligence, and help researchers analyze historical texts in innovative and effective ways. From this standpoint, this research came to study and clarify the role of artificial intelligence in analyzing historical text.
The research axes included an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. The first section was divided into three axes that focused on the emergence of artificial intelligence, its development, and an explanation of its positives and negatives.
The second section included three axes that focused on the characteristics of artificial intelligence and the mechanism for applying the Gemini and GAPT GPT programs in analyzing historical text.

The derivation of legal rulings from detailed evidence depends on many things, including and through which one can know the indication of words to meanings in terms of degrees of obscurity and levels of clarity, and the relationship of the word to the meaning as the relationship of the effect to its cause, such that the indication is by the generality of the word and the conception of its meaning, because the words are the molds from which meanings are derived. I will try, God willing, to confirm this goal among the scholars of the principles of jurisprudence by collecting the indications of words to rulings in this research of mine, which I have named (The Word in Consideration of Its Clear and Hidden Meaning Semantically), and I have divided it into an introduction and three sections, each section has several demands and a conclusion as follows: The first section was devoted to defining the terms of the title, and included three demands: The first demand: defining the word, the second demand: defining the clear and hidden, the third demand: defining the indication, and the second section: included the divisions of the indication of the word to its clear meaning, and the rulings related to each word, and as for the third section: included the divisions of the indication of the word to its hidden meaning, and the rulings related to each word.

This thesis deals with the study and investigation of (a commentary on the explanation of Al-Wiqayah) in Hanafi jurisprudence by Imam Al-Naksari, may God Almighty have mercy on him (d. 901 AH). Who wrote his commentary on the book (Explanation of Protection) by Sadr al-Sharia al-Asghar to clarify and explain what was brief and concise in it, and to open its closed words, so it was a key for the reader to understand the book, whether he was a beginner or advanced student. Or even from sheikhs and scholars, in addition to many benefits not mentioned in the long books, until it became a great, useful, concise treasure containing many pearls from many books. The book (“A commentary on the explanation of Al-Wiqayah by Mawla Muhyi al-Din Muhammad Ibrahim bin Hassan al-Naksari”) in its reality, In fact, it is an explanation of most of the jurisprudential issues mentioned in the explanation of protection from the issues of guidance, which require investigation, clarification, explanation and interpretation. So this footnote came to complete the intended meaning. It helps in knowing the meaning, and this commentary is distinguished by combining ease and difficulty, as it combines the opinions of the predecessors and the sayings of the latecomers. Al-Naksari undertook to explain the statements adopted in the Hanafi school of thought for some opinions, and to explain the statements relied upon in issuing fatwas by scholars of the school of thought. It is therefore a book of great importance and valuable benefits for students in this field.

The research aims to stand on the explicit obligatory rulings of Imam al-San’ani in the book Subul al-Salam for some issues of the chapter of fasting. The research was divided into an introductory section on al-San’ani’s life and three sections as follows: the first section included two requirements in explaining the ruling on fasting the two Eids and the days of Tashreeq, the second section in explaining the ruling on specifying Friday for fasting and fasting Saturday alone, and the third section in the ruling on fasting all the time. I relied on the inductive approach in the research by following the positions of the obligatory rulings that al-San’ani (may Allah have mercy on him) stated by putting an appropriate title for the issue, then mentioning the prophetic hadith that al-San’ani included from the hadiths of Bulugh al-Maram, then the image of the issue, then the ruling of the issue, then a summary of each issue. It became clear to me that al-San’ani in his book Subul al-Salam adopted in his fundamentalist school of thought the method of the jurists in building the fundamentalist rules, on the jurisprudential branches, based on the texts of the Qur’an and Sunnah, and that he does not have a specific jurisprudential school of thought, but as the scholars said about him, his school of thought is modern. The researcher concluded in this study that al-San’ani went to The absolute command requires obligation, the prohibition is originally forbidden, it requires corruption, it says the concept of agreement, and it bases rulings on the hadith and takes what it considers most likely based on the authenticity of the hadith and by relying on some fundamental rules.

The research aims to shed light on one of the narrators of Hadith, Imam (Ali bin Harb Al-Mawsili), who was not written about and his Hadiths were not studied despite his high status and position. It was necessary for us to conduct an extensive study of him, as the introduction dealt with his biography, which includes his name, title, upbringing, teachers from whom he narrated, and his students who learned from him. It became clear that he narrated from reliable sources, and reliable narrators also narrated from him.
Then the research dealt with his Hadiths on the virtues of the Companions, as the first section included his Hadiths on the virtues of all the Companions, and the second section included his Hadiths on the virtues of the two Sheikhs.

The research deals with the sayings of Ibn Hajar Al-Haytami in interpreting Surat Al-Qamar, Al-Haytami, as he is known, is a scholar of jurisprudence and hadith and has many books in these two fields, he did not have independent works of interpretation, through reading, it became clear that he has explanatory statements for some verses in all the surahs of the Qur’an, but they are scattered throughout his writings, after reviewing Al-Haytami’s books and collecting his explanatory statements in Surat Al-Qamar; I got two sayings from him about it, this is what I saw from his books, then I compared his statements with the sayings of the commentators who preceded him, by studying these sayings, Extensive study, by referring to the main sources of books and references, to find out whether Al-Haytami agreed with them, or disagreed with them.

Al-Waqidi is one of the oldest historians who wrote about the battles and scholars of his time considered him one of the vessels of knowledge due to the breadth of his knowledge and the abundance of his writings, as he is indispensable to anyone who writes about the battles.
As for this study, Al-Waqidi explained the military role of theimmigrants in the Battle of Uhud. After research, it became clear that they had an important military role. Al-Waqidi mentions the names of fifteen immigrants who had a military role. What indicates their role is that the standard-bearer of the immigrants, Mus'ab bin Umair (may Allah be pleased with him), wrote the most wonderful epics in his deadly defense of the standard, as well as the role of the companion Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), who killed the standard-bearer of the polytheists, Talha bin Abi Talha, and other important roles of the immigrants in this battle, which were mentioned in detail in this study.

The subject of Islamic heritage works is one of the topics that opens many areas for understanding Arab-Islamic culture and the spirit of the era that characterizes the age of works. Therefore, the idea of presenting Compilations of the virtues of Baghdad to reveal the motives for writing in the first place, in addition to the compilers of this type of books and knowing the number of books that have been classified on the virtues of Baghdad, as well as revealing the nature of these works, whether they have planning and urban contents or contents for the biographies of those who entered, resided, and happened in Baghdad, as Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi did (463 AH / 1070 AD) and Ibn Asakir (d. 571 AH / 1175 AD) Concerning Damascus, the research identified 3 titles for works titled (The Virtues of Baghdad) out of 14,777 titles mentioned by Haji Khalifa in Kashf al-Zunun, while all we have received from those works is one book by Yazdger al-Kisravi entitled (The Virtues of Baghdad).

The research aimed to identify the effect of the Interleaved Waves Strategy on the achievement of fourth-year scientific stream female students in the subject of Quran and Islamic Education
To achieve the research objective, the researcher formulated three null hypotheses. The research sample consisted of 66 students, intentionally selected from the fourth-year scientific stream students at Zainab High School for Girls in Mosul for the academic year 2024-2025. The sample was divided into two groups:
The experimental group (34 students), who were taught using the Interleaved Waves Strategy The control group (32 students), who were taught using the traditional method
The researcher employed an experimental design with two equivalent groups. The groups were matched based on several variables, including chronological age (in months), previous academic average, Quran and Islamic Education scores from the previous year, Raven’s intelligence test, pre-test for critical thinking, and parental educational attainment.
The independent samples t-test (t-test) was applied using SPSS software to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between the performance of the two groups.
The results showed a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group, indicating that using the Interleaved Waves Strategy contributed to improving students

This study was conducted in the Al-Mashkhab area of Najaf Governorate, within the site of the Rice Research Station, which plays a fundamental role in developing programs for various crops with the aim of generalizing and implementing them in the Middle Euphrates region, according to plans prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture. A semi-detailed survey of the soil series (MRS1) was conducted, which includes two main agricultural uses: rice and mung bean cultivation. Soil samples were collected for chemical analysis, with the aim ofThe study aimed to evaluate the effect of land use on some soil chemical properties, focusing on the changes that may occur before, during, and after cultivation. The study followed an analytical approach in measuring the studied chemical properties. The results showed a clear effect of the nature of agricultural use on the soil chemical properties, as follows: Acidity (pH): The acidity values in rice soil increased after cultivation compared to mung bean soil, reaching 6.5. Electrical conductivity (EC): Recorded Mung bean soil had the highest electrical conductivity values after planting, averaging 3.1 dS.m⁻¹. Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃): was higher in mung bean soil before, during, and after planting compared to rice soil, averaging 285 gm.kg⁻¹. Organic matter: Rice soil showed significantly higher organic matter values after planting compared to mung bean soil, reaching 8.71 gm.kg⁻¹. Available phosphorus (P-available): Rice soil before planting recorded significantly higher values of available phosphorus (14.9 mg.kg⁻¹) than mung bean soil. Total nitrogen (Total N): Its concentration was higher in rice soil before planting than mung bean soil. Soluble elements: Mung bean soil before planting showed higher concentrations of: Potassium (K): 236 mg.kg⁻¹ Calcium (Ca²⁺): 4.6 Meq/L Magnesium (Mg²⁺): 4.2 Meq/L Sodium (Na⁺): 4.7 Meq/L While rice soil after planting recorded significantly higher values of chlorine (Cl⁻) content, which reached 3.1 Meq/L compared to mung bean soil.
The results demonstrate that soil use for rice and mung bean cultivation results in significant changes in its chemical properties, with pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, and nutrient values varying according to the type of agricultural use. These results highlight the importance of selecting appropriate agricultural management systems to maintain soil fertility and improve crop productivity in the Mishkhab area.

The research dealt with studying and investigating the commentary of Sheikh Ibrahim Wahdi Al-Rumi on the interpretation of Al-Baydawi, may God have mercy on him (d. 1126 AH), Surat An-Nahl (from verse 1 to 7) in the interpretation, which is considered one of the valuable and rich interpretations. Sheikh Wahdi, may God have mercy on him, studied Surat An-Nahl from many aspects:
jurisprudential, doctrinal, fundamentalist, linguistic, and rhetorical, and reviewed many issues that are useful for students and pioneers of knowledge. And God is Most High and All-Knowing.

This research explores the relationship between the apparent and underlying meanings of words and how scholars interpret these words based on their outward expressions and intended meanings. Some scholars have interpreted words solely based on their apparent meaning, while others have delved deeper to understand their objectives, leading to differences in their rulings.
The research is divided into an introduction and two main chapters. The first chapter provides definitions of key terms in the title and consists of two sections: the first section defines "apparent" linguistically and terminologically, while the second defines "meaning" linguistically and terminologically.
The second chapter is titled Hadith: Apparent and Meaning-Based Interpretation and also consists of two sections: the first discusses Hadith in its apparent sense, while the second examines Hadith in terms of its meaning.
The study concludes with a summary of the topic, followed by a conclusion highlighting the key findings, and finally, a bibliography listing the sources and references used in the research.

In recent years, interest has emerged in this sector, which is considered a revolution in various sectors, including transportation. Road safety is one of the most important areas in which artificial intelligence can have a significant impact. So, the question is what is the role of artificial intelligence in enhancing road l
With the increasing number of vehicles on the road, traffic accidents have become a major concern worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 1.35 million people die each year as a result of road traffic accidents. Therefore, solutions must be provided to reduce the increasing risks resulting from accidents. Artificial intelligence provides with its advanced capabilities in data analysis, machine learning and real-time processing, promising solutions to enhance road safety and reduce accidents. There are some traffic management systems based on artificial intelligence, which are / AI-based traffic management systems, which are one of the primary ways in which artificial intelligence enhances road safety and is through intelligent traffic management systems. Traditional traffic management relies heavily on static traffic signals and signals, which can lead to inefficiency and increased accidents. AI-based traffic management systems use real-time data from various sources, such as cameras, sensors and GPS devices, to monitor traffic flow and make dynamic adjustments.
For example, AI can optimize traffic signal timing based on current traffic conditions, reducing congestion and reducing the risk of accidents at intersections. These systems can also predict traffic patterns and provide real-time alerts to drivers about potential hazards, such as sudden traffic jams or roadblocks, enabling them to take alternative routes and avoid accidents, especially since the study area experiences heavy traffic congestion during peak times, especially in the morning and during the end of work in government departments, as well as during daily or weekly visits or large visits such as (the Shaabaniyah visit and the Arbaeen visit of Imam Hussein). And others. The researchers also focused through the research on identifying how to reduce congestion and bottlenecks and the tools used, and the study concluded with proposals and recommendations....

The concept of references appears in literary and critical discourse, ancient and contemporary, within the framework of a linguistic formation based on the critic's memory, which is filled with previous readings, diverse cognitive backgrounds, and diverse experiences according to the principle of returning to the use of accumulated knowledge and perceptions stored in the critical mind and benefited from by the critic at the moment of critical and creative writing, reflecting the subjectivity of the creator and the cognitive orientation of the critic. At that time, the concept of references occupies a prominent position in the field of literary criticism, with the impact it provides in directing the recipient to the sources and intellectual and subjective starting points in the textual context, which makes the issue of references seem like a natural birth of the theory of reception and interpretation.
Through this vision, this study addresses the critical references in Omar Al-Talib's criticism, which are provided by ancient Arab criticism; To demonstrate the impact of these references on his critical orientation and style and to reveal his critical vision through his dealing with the ancient Arabic critical text in crystallizing the critical approaches in which the student wrote, he establishes these approaches by returning to the Arabic critical heritage and searching in its founding sources and dusting off the features and signs of this or that approach. The research is divided into an introduction, two axes and a conclusion. In the introduction, he addressed the concept of reference in its original linguistic position and in terminology, then explained its importance in the text, as through it the researcher can determine the intellectual, artistic and cultural starting points in formulating the text. The first axis focused on the impact of critical references in literary criticism in the criticism of Omar Al-Talib as he wrote in the critical approaches through which Arab scholars began to document the history of Arabic literature. We limited ourselves to two types of these approaches: the division into literary schools, the approach of arts and purposes. As for the second axis, it focused on the impact of the same references in the student’s approach to the critical approaches that existed and developed and for which Western criticism was established. We chose two approaches: the psychological approach and the structural approach, as one of them represents the contextual approach and the other represents the textual approach, then a conclusion containing the most prominent results reached by the research.

Geographical studies have witnessed a great development over time, as they moved from the traditional description of phenomena to the use of modern technologies to analyze and understand them more deeply, and with the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), it became possible to deal with huge amounts of geographical data in more accurate and efficient ways, this development allowed geographers to explore complex issues related to nature such as climate change, geomorphological phenomena, and natural resource management in a more sophisticated and effective way.
Physical geography is characterized by the study of natural phenomena that affect the Earth's surface and requires advanced analytical tools to understand their interactions and effects. This is where AI comes in as a revolutionary tool capable of providing new insights into these interactions through predictive models, analyzing space images, and simulating natural phenomena with high accuracy.

Travel literature is a distinguished literary genre, as it draws from numerous fields—political, social, religious, and cultural to produce a realistic understanding of the destination, the customs and the traditions of its people. Throughout his actual travels, the traveler seeks to create knowledge based on direct observation and auditory experience. Through a carefully structured narrative, he enriches his travel writing using various techniques such as reportage, description, dialogue, narrative embedding, reflection, and imagination all while maintaining the realism of the narration and the credibility of the journey. The diversity of ways in presenting knowledge enhances reader engagement and broadens the horizons of communication and interpretation. This study examines a travel corpus composed of five journeys by Abd al-Mun'im Musa al-Dirawi, a writer and journalist from Basra. Each journey has its own distinctive feature and purpose, thereby providing unique insights into each country visited. These travels also reveal the author's cultural background, interests, and awareness as reflected in his writing and documentation. This study is structured into three main sections. The first section explores paratextual elements within the travel narratives. The second section focuses on the spatial dimensions of the journey. The third section examines the techniques of knowledge formation in travel literature.

The modern theory of semantic field, which has deep historical roots in both concept and application، is one of the most important theories that reflects a vivid image of our distinguished language, characterized by organization and arrangement. This theory is concerned with uncovering the meanings of words by grouping words that share a semantic property within a specific semantic field, titled with a concept that applies to all the terms included under it. It also establishes relationships between these terms within the field, as well as their relationship with the general term that encompasses them. We have chosen the dictionary "Taj al-Arus" from the treasures of the dictionary by Al-Murtada Al-Zabidi (d. 1205 AH) as the field for this study, as it is one of the most comprehensive Arabic dictionaries. It contains a wealth of terms that indicate the described length. Our work consists of categorizing these terms into relevant subjects, and then tracing the semantic thread between the described length and the term explained by it through referring to the root from which this term is derived. This involves examining the derivatives of the root and understanding what can be related to the specific meaning of the described length in the requirement، using references from dictionaries and semantic literature.

((Every human being is in the process of transforming into a machine, or rather, it is the machine that is in the process of developing into a human being)); this is what the French philosopher Paul Valery said in his famous notebooks at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and this statement represented the first actual presentation of the problem of the future of the machine in its coexistence with the human being, and thus this question recorded the first proposals in the field of artificial intelligence.
This research paper, which we called (Flirting in the Age of Artificial Intelligence between Reality and Fantasy), aims to reveal the relationship between flirting and artificial intelligence, and to determine the effects of this relationship at the level of form and content; as our world today is witnessing tremendous technological developments, artificial intelligence has penetrated various aspects of our lives, and this development was not limited to scientific and technical fields only, but extended to include creative fields in all arts, including literature, whether poetry or prose.
In our current era, technology is increasingly intertwined with reality, and ghazal literature finds itself facing new challenges and unprecedented opportunities. With the development of artificial intelligence, the rules of language have changed in many fields, including literary creativity.
In this research, which we decided to work on (: Ghazal in the Age of Artificial Intelligence between Reality and Fantasy), a central question is raised: How does ghazal literature, this ancient literary genre that expresses the most sublime human feelings, interact with this advanced technology? And what are the implications of this complex relationship?
This research is an attempt to predict the future of poetry in the age of technology, and to understand how artificial intelligence can shape this future. Through this research, we seek to open a dialogue about the relationship between humans and machines in the field of creativity, and to determine the role of each in shaping the future of literature.

This study is intended to examin the linguistic structure in one of the poetry collections of the Iraqi poet Hasab Al-Sheikh Jaafar, namely Karan Al-Bohr. This collection shows a unique idiosyncrasy that may not apply to the rest of the poet's oeuvre, including his earlier and later poetry collections.
This distinctiveness raises a significant question concerning the linguistic construction of the collection: What compels a poet like Hasab Al-Sheikh Jaafar who is deeply immersed in modernity both in form and content to oscillate in his language within this work? At times, he appears thoroughly modernist, carefully selecting expressive vocabulary and crafting phrases with a linguistic texture that reflects this modernity. Yet, at other times, he abandons this modernist approach in favor of an archaic language, probing so profoundly into antiquity that even he, before his readers, feels the necessity of understanding these words lexically before integrating them into his poetic fabric. This compels him to create footnotes on the poetic text, hoping to assist the reader in understanding and engaging with the poetry.
Moreover, this linguistic oscillation is not limited to a mere shift between modern and archaic language. The poet's linguistic references also draw from his familiarity with European life and culture, an influence that cannot be ignored. This influence was further reinforced by his extended stay in the former Soviet Union (and later Russia), granting him the opportunity to explore and immerse himself in these cultures. Even if we attempt to separate the East from the West, the pathways and windows of culture remain interconnected, despite political efforts to split them.

In this study, titled "Non-Standard Attributed Names in Al-Misbah Al-Munir: Collection and Study," I encountered a distinguished scholar of the Qur'an and Arabic language through a truly valuable book he authored, titled "Al-Misbah Al-Munir fi Gharib Al-Sharh Al-Kabir." His meticulous research style and numerous linguistic analyses, particularly in the morphological domain, stand out. Through this study, I identified twenty-four instances of non-standard attribution (irregular nisba). The analysis reveals the author's vast knowledge and his mastery of refined scholarly writing, as the linguistic insights he presented are both substantial and deeply rooted in authoritative references, interpretations, and linguistic evidence. Among the key findings: Non-standard nisba occurs due to vowel modification, omission, addition, or metathesis. An example of vowel modification is the attribution to (al-sahl), meaning "plain" as opposed to rough terrain), which becomes (suhliyy) with a dammah on the initial letter, to distinguish it from (sahliyy), which refers to a man named Sahl. This distinction between vowel patterns is a fundamental principle of Arabic eloquence, carefully noted by early grammarians in their works. If one were to say for a man’s name and for the geographic term, it would be considered an error that is immediately recognizable. An example of omission is found in the attribution to (Badia, meaning "desert"), which is (badawiyy). The regular form should be (badiyy) or (badawiyy). However, linguistic observation suggests that the shift to (badawiyy) was motivated by phonetic lightness, as Arabic naturally favors more effortless pronunciation when possible without compromising grammatical correctness. An example of addition appears in the attribution to (bahr, meaning "sea"), which is (bahraniyy), whereas the regular form is (bahriyy). The insertion of alif and nun (-ani) serves an intensifying function, emphasizing the deep association with the referent. An example of metathesis is found in the attribution to (Bahrāʾ, a tribal name), which becomes (bahraniyy) instead of the expected (bahrawiyy). This transformation is driven by phonetic constraints: the Arabic glottal stop (hamza) is among the most challenging sounds to pronounce, requiring greater muscular effort than other consonants. Additionally, the shaddah (gemination) in (the nisba suffix -yaa) contributes to the difficulty. To ease pronunciation, Arabic speakers replaced the glottal stop with (non) rather than (wow), as "non" is closer in articulation to the nisba suffix and maintains phonetic harmony. This study highlights the linguistic mechanisms that shape non-standard nisba formations, demonstrating the historical and phonetic logic behind these deviations from regular morphological rules.

This footnote is considered one of the significant footnotes on the interpretation of Imam al-Baydhawi - may God have mercy upon him - by Sheikh Sinan al-Din al-Amasi al-Barada’i، to the point that its author was attributed to it so that he began to be called: (Sinan al-Muhshi)، and it became a resource for many other footnotes later - especially the footnotes of al-Shihab al-Khafaji and al-Qunawi. Because it includes many arts of language، rhetoric، and others، it is a book of great worth. Al-Muhshi - may God have mercy upon him - despite his brevity، hardly leaves anything without commenting، and because of the strength of his style and the abundance of his knowledge، he mentions niceties، jokes، and precise deductions in a concise manner، and mentions some aspects of the readings without being obligated of those that are previously mentioned a lot. He also paid attention to grammar without elaboration or digression. Al-Muhshi - may God have mercy upon him - was distinguished by his focus on the idea in a concise and useful manner، far from being lengthy. My research came to highlight the status of this footnote and the benefits it contains in various sciences، in the course of showing it by introducing its author and mentioning his biography and scientific biography، such as his birth and upbringing، as he was one of the most prominent scholars of his time، as well as the scholars from whom he took knowledge، and his position among scholars; in addition to introducing his footnote and its importance.

We intend through this scientific approach to study a conceptual network related to artificial intelligence and its relationship with different fields of art such as painting, sculpture, music, photography, poetry etc.
In the light of this, we aim in this article to focus on the essence of artificial intelligence and to dig into its different meanings, concepts and its origins as well as its objectives and to identify its relationship with art and especially with its relationship with image and knowledge production.

Artificial intelligence has become a prominent focus in the world, especially after the great results it has achieved in the fields of writing, research and translation, and the capabilities of artificial intelligence applications have exceeded the optimal limit in providing information and benefiting from it, which has become a threat to all sources of knowledge, and thus changing the thought, taste and inclinations of the researcher. Artificial intelligence applications in the field of Arabic language and Arabic poetry have led to alarming results, and these applications and platforms have greatly affected the taste and inclinations of readers and lovers of Arabic poetry. The research paper monitors the effects of artificial intelligence through the use of poetic applications in the Arabic language, shedding light on the most important of these applications, and their impact on the taste of readers of Arabic poetry. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted through interpreting and analyzing the phenomenon of artificial intelligence, and its impact on tasting poetry. To reach the results that affect the future life of readers, tasters and lovers of Arabic poetry, and avoiding these effects.

This study aims to reveal the importance of rhythm as an essential and distinguishing element of the poetic text from other texts, as well as to reveal the diversity of the seas that the poet used in his poetry. The research is trying to reveal the aesthetics of rhythm in the poet's poetry and the role of rhythm in highlighting the significance it aims at.

Artistic formation is the process of cohesion and intermingling between the different elements that later became a single, indivisible unit, as they formed a new structure whose parts lost their individuality and meaning and became a representation of the new form that became an inseparable part of it .
The poet performs the process of artistic formation as the painter forms his paintings through lines and colors, but the process of formation in the literary field remains difficult, complex and mysterious; This is because the term is borrowed from the field of plastic arts first, and because its movement in the field of language is ambiguous, broad, intertwined and intertwined and has no clear boundaries second.
This research is an attempt to study the collection (Poetic Doors of the Night) by the poet Abdul Rahim Saleh Al-Rahim, an Iraqi poet from the nineties generation and a retired professor from Al-Qadisiyah University. The research was divided into a theoretical foundation in which theorization of artistic formation was carried out linguistically and technically, and an attempt was made to link what is for artistic formation in drawing and poetry. Just as the painter uses his tools in the artistic painting, the poet also uses the words of the language as a tool for poetic formation, since the poetic material is images that have been formed by a creator.
As for the applied foundation, it includes the artistic formation of the poetic lexicon in the collection of Doors of the Night, as well as the methods, in addition to the sources of the image and its patterns, then the formation by rhythm. The research was concluded with a conclusion of the most important results.

Advertising is a linguistic structure based on employing language for the purpose of persuasion. It is a relationship between the creator and the recipient in which the creator invests this relationship in the direction that creates signals from the text that attract the recipient's interaction and interest. It is thus a communication process between the two parties in which the creator employs all his expressive energies and persuasive tools to achieve the goal of advertising. This research revolves around advertising in Al-Mutanabbi's poem :
Determinations come according to the people of determination ,
and generosity comes according to the generous
It is one of Al-Mutanabbi's great poems in which he employed all the persuasive means of persuasion links and methods, symbols, myths and imagination to bring the recipient to the image he wanted for his eulogist Saif Al-Dawla Al-Hamdani, and to honor all the meanings of courage and determination in the soul of the other. It is as if you find Al-Mutanabbi present in that battle, drawing its scenes with high precision and unparalleled photography.
The research was divided into a theoretical foundation that included talking about advertising, its meanings and its use in poetry, and a practical foundation that included the use of advertising means from argumentation and its links and methods, as well as the visual system of advertising discourse from the use of symbols, images and narrative dimensions, as well as the use of the cultural system of advertising discourse in its various religious and social manifestations. Then we accompanied that with a conclusion of the most important results of the research.

This research aims to explore the life and upbringing of Imam al-Suhayli, including his name, lineage, and title. It also examines his birth and education, highlighting that he studied various sciences under the guidance of multiple scholars. Likewise, many students learned from him and benefited from his vast knowledge, as he held a significant scholarly status during his time. Scholars praised him for his extensive and comprehensive knowledge.
The study also discusses his numerous works, with Al-Rawd al-Unuf being the most prominent. Additionally, it delves into the era of Imam al-Suhayli, analyzing the political and economic fluctuations and the power struggle between the Almoravids and the Almohads.
Among the most important sources used in this research are Al-Anis al-Mutrib by Ibn Abi Zar’a (d. after 726 AH), Wafayat al-A'yan by Ibn Khallikan (d. 681 AH), and Al-A’lam by Al-Zarkali (d. 1396 CE), along with other relevant sources.

The Holy Qur’an has a unique style in conveying the divine intentions of Allah، whether through affirmation or negation، command or prohibition. This is evident in several Qur’anic verses where Allah affirms a matter and then negates it using specific linguistic tools and structures.this phenomenon، which is part of the Qur’anic miraculous nature، prompted us to study these verses. Our research aims to analyze and describe a selection of verses that exhibit this recurring pattern، addressing the key question: How does Allah affirm something and then negate it? the answer lies in the necessity of using this rhetorical method to ensure that negation fully achieves its essence and attributes. In this study، the selected verses have been examined in the order of their occurrence in the Qur’an.

Abstract
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Teaching Islamic Education
This study aims to present the most important applications of modern technology, specifically artificial intelligence, which has become increasingly important in various areas of contemporary life, including the field of education.
With the goal to improve the standard of education at all levels and in all subject areas, including Islamic education, educational institutions and their members need to embrace AI. In addition to protecting society from aberrations and harmful ideological infiltration, Islamic education is crucial in forming human behavior and character in accordance with the tenets of the genuine religion.
This is why the research topic was selected as an attempt to investigate how educational professionals might use and invest in AI technology to improve education in our wonderful Iraq and bring it up to the level of developed countries.

The research aims to shed light on the historical era that the historian Ibn Khallikan witnessed, which extended between the years (608-682 AH / 1210-1282 AD), while addressing the period preceding his birth, as that period witnessed several fundamental developments and pivotal events that left their mark on political events, and were represented in the emergence of forces that influenced the course of events, and their impact was reflected in the political reality during the era in which Ibn Khallikan grew up and was raised, as he witnessed the emergence of different forces that had influenced the political scene represented by the Crusades, and the Mongol invasion as an invading external force on the one hand, in addition to the local internal forces represented by the Ayyubid state operating in the region, the Zengid state and then the Mamluk state later, in addition to the conflicts that erupted between them later, which affected the region, and the research also dealt with the local environment in which Ibn Khallikan grew up, specifically in the city of Erbil, under the rule of Prince Muzaffar al-Din Kokburi, who had a clear contribution to shaping Features of that cultural and intellectual environment.

The book "Zain Al-Akhbar" by Abu Saeed Al-Kurdizi is considered one of the most important strategic elements presented in the fifth century AH. The book dealt with many historical and social topics, including the social and cultural sects of ancient India. In this book, Al-Kurdizi presents a comprehensive picture of the religious sects in India, including what they have. The author expresses his understanding of the religious diversity in ancient India Although Al-Kurdizi did not focus on all the sects in detail, he provided a comprehensive view of the religious factors that shaped and influenced Indian society at that time, through his explanation of Indian social classes. The book also reflects the intellectual and historical influences that arose during that period.
Based on the above, Zainul Akhbar is a valuable source for understanding ancient Indian religious sects. Through it, we can explore various aspects of religion in ancient India and understand the religious diversity that characterized Indian society at that time.

Objective: Measuring twisted thinking among university students.
Methodological: This research used the descriptive approach on a stratified random sample of (400) male and female students in the second stage and different specializations (scientific and humanities) for the academic year (2023-2024). The researchers designed a test to measure deviant thinking and extracted the psychometric properties of the test (facial validity - construct validity - reliability by repetition method).
Results: The results indicated that the students' scores on the twisted thinking test were above average.
Implications: The study highlights the impact of negative thinking patterns resulting from a single reliance on artificial intelligence on students’ academic and social lives and the need to develop critical thinking skills to counter these negative patterns.

The research dealt with a footnote to Al -Qarah Baghi, "may God have mercy on him" in achieving "Surat Al -Teen". The research was divided into an introduction and two research.
I talked about the reasons for choosing the research, its importance, and the difficulties we faced With a brief summary of Imam Casablanca's personal life.
As for the first topic: It was on two requirements: the first: singled out for talking about the translation of Al -Qarah Baghi, "may God have mercy on him," in which we talked about his name, his title, and his life, and we made the second requirement: specific to talking about the manuscript, describing it, and examples of its pictures.
The second topic was special in achieving the surah, which is "Surat Al -Teen", then we concluded the research with the conclusion, and we mentioned the most important results, then the sources and references.