Leadership Thought for Research and Studies

The paper aims to analyze the volume and nature of dollarization in the Iraqi economy and its impact on the effectiveness of the monetary policy in light of the structural imbalances in the Iraqi economy as well as the extensive dependence on oil revenues to finance the public expenditures. The amount of dollarization in the banking sector was adopted due to the data availability and the same is not available in the other economic sectors. Because of the dollarization amount, the monetary policy could not apply its conventional instruments in order to achieve the final goal, which is controlling the inflation rate upon its desired level. However, the exchange rate was used as a nominal anchor for the inflation, which is an unconventional instrument widely used in the dollarized economies. Meanwhile, in the aftermath the de-dollariztion policy and enhancement of the trust in the Iraqi currency has been adopted by the Central Bank of Iraq with the government support since 2023, which has led to decrease dollarization, the monetary policy effectiveness increased via applying one of its conventional instruments, which is the open market operation.

In the past years , there have been many specific negative phenomena affecting the progress of the educational process in Iraq, at all academic stages, especially university studies, and one of those phenomenon is the phenomena of exam cheating during the performance of university exams, whether quarterly, monthly, annual, courses system or Bologna track system, as exam cheating is one of the unethical behaviors and contrary to the integrity of the pedagogical and educational process, which leads to aggravation of its negative effects on the individual and society at the same time, and then it may result in students unrightfully graduating in many colleges such as medicine, pharmacy, engineering, law and others. In addition, their assumption of diverse jobs in State sectors will lead to their awkwardness in the society, and their dependence on others, without being characterized by creativity or production. At another level, they will not be able to serve any institution in which they work, and in another way, following this path leads to hindering the course of the educational process in Iraq, and there is no shame in the fact that it undoubtedly represents a clear assault on the rights of other successful students.

This research aims to shed light on the relationship between the adoption of modern and effective programs represented by e-governance and improving the quality of health services provided in government hospitals, and whether these programs contribute to achieving speed and efficiency in providing these services and bringing about development and improvement in the level of quality, in addition to identifying the reality of the application Electronic governance and quality of health services in the researched hospital, which is the Martyr Ghazi Hariri Hospital for Specialized Surgery, one of the hospitals of the Medical City Department. The research reached a number of results, most notably: the existence of a strong positive and significant correlation between e-governance in its dimensions (participation, accountability, equality, efficiency) and the quality of health service in its dimensions (reliability, tangibility, responsiveness, trust and credibility, and empathy) in the hospital surveyed. The highest correlation of these dimensions is achieved in the equality, with a ratio of (0.84).The research came out with a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: the need to pay official attention to employing e-governance programs in the field of government hospital management, increasing education, awareness and training for managers at various organizational levels to realize the importance of applying these programs in improving the level of quality of health services provided. In addition, increasing the capacity of infrastructure and human competencies to enable them to work on these programs.

The current study aims to reveal the role of digital leadership and its relationship to digital transformation in Baghdad Mayoralty. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted for the purpose of describing the phenomenon and achieving the goal of the study. As for the study tool, the structured questionnaire was adopted and distributed to a sample of leaders working in the Baghdad Mayoralty, (N=60) leaders. The researcher found out through the results of the study that there is a statistically significant relationship, which is correlation coefficient between the digital leadership variable and digital transformation among the study sample.

The current research aims to highlight the role of strategic leadership in the Iraqi Naval College to address the challenges it faces for the continuity of survival. Strategic leadership is one of the main axes for the success of institutions in a world full of complexity and competition, and that leadership has a long-term vision and making strategic decisions helps enhance the organization\\\\'s ability to achieve its goals and stay at the forefront of competition. Therefore, the current research deals with the concept of strategic leadership, its elements, objectives and importance, the most prominent strategies and challenges, and the comparison between regular leadership and strategic leadership, as well as the factors of failure and success of strategic leadership adopted by institutions to achieve success permanently and continuously. The researchers have taken the community and the sample of Iraqi Naval College as the research sample, because it is characterized by several factors that differ from the rest of the educational and academic institutions as they are related to military and civilian aspects at the same time. In addition, how to deal with its strategy, which is a difficult factor to apply. Thus, the researchers highlighted the Naval College to know the role of strategic leadership and the extent to which it is useful in providing effective leadership outputs for the success of the maritime sector. The researchers used the checklist to diagnose the research problem, as (15) forms were distributed from the examination list for the senior managements of the Naval College who hold administrative positions that support the vision of the organization, the researchers have used the descriptive methodology to study the case of the Naval College. Besides, a structured interview was conducted to collect data and information to feed the current research in order to provide a set of recommendations that serve the academic institution.

Iraq, the land located at the core of Middle East, is a bridge that connects the civilization of three continents, namely, Asia, Europe, and Africa. Iraq’s geography promises an economically fruitful future, wherein its exceptional position resembles a convergence of international trade pathways, as it extends as a land and sea bridge, which is capable of connecting north to south and east to west. In this regard, Railway connection project and Development Road appear as an economic dream which is about to be materialized to make Iraq an international hub of transportation through which trade convoys can flow, and where investment are established. Railway connection network outlines the key features of this dream; the Iraqi Government intends to construct railway tracts from the Port of Faw in the south to the far northern borders. Hence, it foresees prospects of development and investment promises. Thanks to this network, Iraq will not only be a transition pathway, but also a major station in international trade movement, which will reduce distances and transportation costs, allowing industries and agriculture to rise again as if the wheel of time regains its movement to revive markets that have lost their importance. Nevertheless, the pathway to this targeted future is not easily gained, given that railway sector confronts obstacles that should not be underestimated, such as infrastructure obsolescence while political stability overshadows each step forward. Still, cooperation with neighboring countries is a key principle to mobilize execution, and connect Iraq through regional transportation networks reinforcing its economic position. In the mid of these challenges, Development Road is Iraq’s glimpse of hope in order to diversify its economy and reduce its dependence on oil. It resembles portraying a future with more sustainable colors. Only when obstacles are overcome, Iraq can transform into a lively trade hub, achieving stability and development not only for Iraq, but for the whole region.

The federal Board of Supreme Audit, by virtue of the authority granted to it by Law No. 31 of 2011 (amended), seeks to preserve public Finance in all sectors of the state. Therefore, the Bureau has worked since its assignment in 2023 to take a stance to combat and reduce corruption in the sectors of the state to diagnose the observations according to the axes set by the anti-corruption form prepared by the General Secretariat of the Council of Ministers since December 2022, and prepare reports and evaluations for each Ministry, entities non-affiliated with a ministry, and governorate. In addition to following up the rates of development and progress in the procedures of those entities regarding combating corruption to reduce the scourge of corruption as described by the Prime Minister. Through the Board’s oversight role in preparing reports on the anti-corruption position, a number of shortcomings were noted in the form. Therefore, this study examines the possibility of preparing an anti-corruption form that works to achieve greater justice and enjoys greater flexibility in presenting the efforts of the subject entities in the field of combating corruption.

Iraq is facing complex challenges in the field of national security, especially with the growing phenomenon of extremism and intellectual and cyber terrorism, which poses a direct threat to societal and political security. Iraqi National Security Strategy is based on a comprehensive vision that aims to address these phenomena by strengthening intellectual security, developing digital infrastructure, and achieving a balance between preserving public freedoms and protecting national security. Hence, National Security Strategy represents an integrated approach to confront extremism and terrorism and build a society capable of addressing the risks of terrorism in its various dimensions. In addition, the success of the strategy depends heavily on the integration of roles between governments, religious institutions, civil society, and individuals in building a secure and stable society.

In this research, an attempt was made to understand the repercussions of the war in Gaza on the transformations in the Middle East, which, in turn, affect the nature of the region’s security future. This situation raises fundamental questions about the future of regional security. Accordingly, the study aims to identify the variables that will interact to shape the future of security in the region, particularly the war in Gaza, while also examining the nature of regional dynamics prior to the outbreak of the conflict. These factors prompt speculation about the potential for the Middle East to become a new stage for Cold War–style rivalries. The research addressed all these issues by using numerous methodologies, namely, the analytical and the descriptive approach and reached a set of conclusions: pacts regarding ceasefire are unsustainable and that changes and social effect of this war will lead to tectonic changes in the region, which may lead to crucial political and diplomatic changes in the region. Further, fears are currently increasing due to military tension exacerbation, which threat the stability of the Region’s States, and generally affect regional stability in the future.