AL-ADAB JOURNAL

It has been noticed that pronunciation is one of the most significant skills in English language teaching and learning . If speakers have very bad pronunciation, their speech will not be reasonable and will be no interchange in an effective communication. Raising learner's awareness and building mutual intelligibility are crucial to improving overall communicative competence. Tongue twisters are one of the fantastic ways to practice and improve pronunciation and fluency.
Tongue twisters are defined as '' words difficult to articulate rapidly, usually because of a succession of similar consonantal sounds'' (Morris,1975:305). They are phrases that require us to quickly change the position of our tongue in order to accurately pronounce the words. They may be short as two words phrase (toy boat) or as long phrase as '' The sixth sick Sheik's sixth sheep is sick''. They may serve as a way of activation and motivation of student's practice of accurate and fluent performance of pronunciation.
The present study deals with the investigation of the role of using tongue twisters in the improvement of Iraqi IFL fluency and pronunciation in the Department of English Faculty of Arts University of Kufa. The main function of implementing tongue twisters is to help
students gain awareness of their problems and build new mental frame of vocabulary and speaking skills. The study attempts to answer the following questions:
1) To what extent is the use of tongue twisters essential in enhancing and motivating Iraqi EFL fluency and ability?
2) What is the difference between students who are unaware and unfamiliar with the use of tongue twisters and those who are aware of them as an effective way in pronunciation?
The sample of the test consists of two types of questions ( fill in the blanks 'production and multiple choices 'recognition' ) and 50 students are selected randomly at the mentioned department. The participants are divided into two groups each group with 25 students. The first group who are not aware of using tongue twisters to improve their pronunciation skills constructed the pre-test exam. The second group with 25 students done the post- test exam who are motivated and given an appropriate chances to use and practice tongue twisters in their course of learning pronunciation sounds.
The findings of the analysis have shown that students (pre-test) at the level of production score and attain poorer achievements in consonants with regard to vowels. Whereas at the level of recognition students are highly cognitive to consonant speech sounds, where they score high ratio and percentage. The post-test is concerned with those students who have accessible to the use of tongue twister strategy in their ''phonetic and phonology'' classes. It shows high rates of correct answers and development in both consonants and vowels at the level of production and recognition. This means that the use of tongue twister strategy is mainly and effectively enriched and improved the recognition side of the learning process of students in the skill of pronunciation.

This paper discusses the British writer’s, Ian McEwan’s, novel Atonement. It shows how he successfully employs metafictional elements to reveal the artificial nature of the text and also to remind the reader constantly that he is reading fiction. In this literary work, McEwan tries to expose the provisional nature of history and reality. He shows the reader how imagination can be destructive and how it can affect one’s reality. Also, he shows how history and historians are not to be trusted.
Shortlisted for the fiction Booker Prize in 2001 as well as winning several other prizes, McEwan’s Atonement is considered a masterpiece of postmodern fiction. Probably the best phrase to describe this novel is ‘fiction within fiction’. From the opening epigraph till the concluding part, it is concerned mainly with the process of writing fiction and how fiction affects the life of the characters indulged. The epigraph is quoted from Jane Austen’s novel Northanger Abbey in which the main character, Miss Catherine Morland is being rebuked for her inefficiency to differentiate between fiction and reality which affects the way she responds to her surroundings. And as Brian Finney puts it, “she is the victim of reading fiction ― the Gothic romances of her day…” (70) This in fact gives the reader a hint or foreshadows what is lying ahead; the destructive role that fiction will play in the characters’ lives. McEwan’s Protagonist, Briony Tallis, resembles Austen’s in that they are both affected by fiction but Briony takes a further step and uses fiction in an attempt to correct the destruction it caused her to do (Finney).

The most common of these is the presence of a supposed cause in the end of the syllabus, which needs proof and argument to prove it. This is what the second party is responsible for.
This research seeks to establish the study of rhetorical methods familiar according to modern rhetorical theories. These theories include: "Pilgrim" or "new rhetoric," which aims at questioning the texts through the application of a number of rhetorical and linguistic principles, Its impact in building the convictions of the recipients of texts

The analysis approach has become one of the tools in which the evaluation of the literatures works and study of its technical characteristics. The importance of analysis approach in the literatures work has shown in the discovery of the full meanings and meanings of the text. It deals with the language of the text in terms of artistic and artistic interaction by highlighting the distinctive linguistic phenomena and trying to relate them to the connotations through which the meaning can be reached in the text. This research aims to study the poem "The Song of Gondola" by the poet Ali Mahmoud Taha, according to the methodological approach. The method is based on three levels: the vocal level, the structural level, and the evidence level. One of the most important outcomes of this study is that more of the votes are composed of the marginalized voices so that the spirit of love and romance can be heard in the same listener. The poet has prompted a sense of feelings of beauty and the good and the foolish to use in this poem the actual sentences more than the nominal sentences and balance intentional between his feelings and his style.

Because of my choice of subject is the grammarians differ in expression tool (if) nominal and craft, most of the grammarians and most of their books they (if): Chuck to receive Decade included the meaning of the condition, whether they included the meaning of the condition or not, and even (if) announce her sudden each circumstance, despite being characters , Which prompted me to choose this topic to illustrate each species in the Qur'an, and some views that were said to try and get the shortcut and not to go into details as required by the nature of the search.

This Study has dealt with the Positions of deleting the definite article " the ". It was found necessary omitted in the word majesty (Alah) unless it is Preceded by the Preposition, in the non- definite noun functionary as definite, in both word and in other Positions in Arabic.
On the other hand, it can be unnecessary deleted when occurring in Vocative case, and in writing, but it study in Speech.

This research is care with the study of the harmony of the vocal in some parts of the part about what do they question each other, which is the last part of the Holy Quran, where it is characterized by a vocal line whose letters and sentences have been intertwined with the vocal harmony that achieves deep meanings and employs the Quranic text through the sound, creating it with the voice of letters and toning them. The letters, all of this form us a literary plate that achieved the enjoyment and the inability and inability to bring the ideals and our duty to stand to reflect on the great text of the Koran, which employed the sound in the formation of the image, and in the research models reflect that recruitment.

Pronunciation is a series of votes, which requires a range of open and closed voting processes. In the Arabic language, we are interested in studying the audio track on the knowledge of poetry music and its scales, and the writing helps to explain the voice transitions in Arabic. And our Arabic language tends to the static passages, that is: that ends with a static voice, and the characteristics of the Arabic section that it must start silent and praise movement.

Al –Hakam Bin Abdal Al-Isadi was a poet who appeared at the last of Umayyad Age. His style was characterized by collecting humor cynicism.
The recent study , study 'Al- Isadi Between Humor and Cynicism 'sheds light on this poet,s character , and exposing his style of humor.

The study dealt with the study of the words of time and their significance in the poetry of Ibn Hanee Andalusi, and concluded purely that the poet took from these words a means; to highlight the value of his Mddha of the successors of the Fatimid state 'especially the Caliph Muaz to God's religion' and show their positive qualities of people clearly, The poet, based on the complaint of the age and warning him, and the son of Hanai has been characterized by time negative qualities, because he alone responsible for bad things, and the poet has mixed imagination and reality in building his poetic image and worked on the humanization of the words of time and the diagnosis of its components, The true meaning of words For a time, but revenue goes to the allegorical meanings of these words; in order to take advantage of this diversity in significance.

Feminist creativity on the movement of criticism raises important questions about what this creativity of masculine creativity can evoke. Can it achieve special aesthetics that differ from the aesthetics of the masculine text, and how can this text be read and red? These questions represent one of the contemporary problems in the literary text. The distinction between masculine text and feminine text means pushing the monetary process to the live

Hamouda Pasha is one of the most important reform figures in the modern history of Tunisia , during his regin of nearly a third century , he abled to make a renaissance throughout the country , but it became one of the modern countries due to prosperity in all fields like political , administrative , economic and social sides as well as reforms in the military field ,which it have had a great impact on the reliance on national forces in all field . It have had a great impact in returning prestige of Tunisa to face European control .

This research was titled (Suspense in the short historical story in the children's magazines in Iraq in the magazines "Almzmar" and "Mjlati" from 1969 to 2003). Through our research, we tried to explore the Suspense of children's stories as important to attract the reader to follow the story and interact with it. The objectives of the research are the researcher's attempt to reach the discovery of the methods used to achiev Suspense e in these stories and how to achieve the best use of the thrill of the technical elements of the story as a literature for children and their compatibility with the educational objectives envisaged. The search was divided into an introduction that was an initialization of the subject. As well as the thrill in the technical elements of the historical short story illustrated in three chapters: First: dealt with the elements of "Introduction and Conclusion". The second dealt with elements of "conflict, imagination and honesty". And the third: dealt with the elements of "artistic output and title".
Finally, in conclusion, I found that most of these stories were characterized by suspense because they portrayed the element of conflict in all its aspects and appeared in the introduction and conclusion in a homogeneous with the structure of the story and occupied the title in which the distinctive and achieved many of the features of artistic output as well as it invested honesty in its form and content either The element of fiction was not properly employed and the thrill of it was weak.

Praise be to god who taught the pen and the blessing of god to Muhammad and his family
There is no doubt that our heritage is full of many important sources full of rich science ,this heritage would not have pee without favor successor who writing what they found to be becomes illuminated ,the generations will be bride in all ages .
Bakrze in his book (the palace doll and the people of the age ) he was chronicled the literature to some poets in period of fifth and sixth century A.H such as AL-thalpy in has book (The orphan of age in the beauties of the peopleof the age ). Bakrze divided his book in to seven section ,was impressed with the second section which include classless poets ,the poets in this pridswas descrping the pains and suffering which people were lived era of weakness control of the Abbasid caliph and control of the non-Arabs from Persian and Turks in that lime but the people showing aKind of patence and durability ,so found it a good occasion to discuss the research titled.
The research included a descriptive introduction to the book AL-Bakhrazi and an analytical study to poems these poets using the sources of ancient and modern .
In conclusion hope that have succeeded in descrbing of analytical diagnosis and my sense is that have intention and trusted and it is Gods success .

Classification of agricultural land use and land cover is a major step in the planning and management of agricultural land use, aiming to achieve food security, sustainable development and economic and social well-being. Remote sensing and geographic information system techniques provided advantages that traditional methods of surveying and monitoring of natural and human resources can’t provide, and the classification of agricultural land use and land cover in Shinafiya-Iraq, Using the satellite image of Landsat-8 with an OLI sensor, and depending on the Anderson and others system to classify land use and land cover, integration by of digital image interpretation methods and Vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI, SAVI) by using (ERDAS IMAGINE), and visual interpretation using ArcGIS program and extension software. Classification of agricultural land use and land cover Achieve to the third level, And with total accuracy of the map 91%, and the relative distribution of areas appears that the agricultural land represent first occupies 57%, then barren lands occupy 31%, pasture lands occupy 6%, in the last place Urban or built-up land and water occupy 3% for each one of the total study area.

The city as an area of interaction of various economic, social, cultural, environmental and environmental factors sensitive to its inputs and its physical and moral outputs made it the first or almost sole concern in the environmental degradation and disorder of environmental systems near and far.Hence, countries have to develop programs and strategies that seek to reduce and reduce the impact of cities on their natural environment. These strategies depend on the concept of sustainable development and aim at creating sustainable cities and neighborhoods compatible with the natural environment.
Recent concepts and approaches to urban planning and management have emerged in recent times, including Sustainable Urban Planning, Ecology and Sustainable Cities. These concepts reflect the growing interest in urban planning and management issues under the protection of the environment. Reduce energy consumption, optimize the use of natural resources, rely more on renewable energy sources and strengthen social, economic and cultural ties.Sustainable urbanization appreciates the link between man and his environment and adopts the idea that man is the focal point of the link between the environment, the economy and the society. The effects of human activities on the environment have a clear economic and social exclusion in which man is the ultimate recipient of damage. Dynamic response to the data of the strategies despite the complexity of this system and the overlap of elements.

The study is a geographical analysis for the association of population characteristics in regard to participating in the parliamentary elections in Iraq which will take place on the 12th of May 2018. The problem of the study highlights the variation of the population΄s electoral conduct according to the Iraqi governorates. This variation is a result of the different characteristics of the population.
The population participation leaning was 52.4% for those who decided to participate in voting, 26.9% for those who were hesitant and 20.7% for those who would not vote.
At the governorate level, the highest percentage of the population wishing to participate in the elections in the southern region is observed in the governorates of Maysan, Muthana and Dhi Qar.While the highest percentages of population who consider boycotting the elections is concentrated in the provinces of Qadisiyah and Basra.
An analysis of their characteristics, it is revealed that the population from the young ages like (29) years old were the most willing to participate in the electoral process, with a percentage of (21.3) %.
The educational characteristics is also associated with the subject of the study, it has emerged that the majority of the population wishing to vote are holders of Secondary school degrees, diploma and bachelor, as well as the employees whom their will to vote is increasing more.
The statistical analysis of independent variables shows that the relationship was positive among most population characteristics and their desire to participate in the electoral process. It turns out that the young population aged between (18-29) years are the most willing to vote. However, willing to vote is decreased among people who are 50 years old and more. It also decreased among people who hold postgraduate degrees, unemployed people and housewives.
The study concluded a set of conclusions and recommendations that would raise the levels of participation in the electoral process and encourage the population to participate in the electoral process.

the most important climatic factors are the most influential factors in animal production, not only in the spatial variation but controls the quality and quantity of production and has a prominent role in determining the type of poultry bred and areas of production and has a big impact on various activities ( growth, reproduction , Being disease ) are environmental factors that represent ( light, temperature, relative humidity ) factors affecting poultry living in the study area 0 falls within Anbar desert climate climate characterized by rainy season and few long dry summers

Primary education is one of the stages in the education ladder. It is the first stage of education, which is one of the basic pillars of the education ladder. The United Nations seeks to develop this type and establish the foundations of scientific knowledge that contribute to the building of human civilization.
The study of the environmental disparity of primary education services in the district of Muqdadiya is very important in revealing areas of variation in the distribution of educational institutions in the judiciary during 2014-2015 and at the environmental level (urban and rural). The study included the study of the environmental variance of the primary education services in the Muqdadiya district. The number of primary schools in rural areas exceeds the number of primary schools in urban areas. The number of rural pupils exceeds the number of urban students. The number of teachers in rural areas increases the number of teachers and teachers in urban areas, In the countryside is higher than the number of urban people.

The process of family and social upbringing by the family is necessary as the individual turns from a "biological" being to a social being "who learns from his predecessors to life and gains his behavior and human characteristics." This is the process through which the individual turns from a dependent child, A mature individual who understands the meaning of responsibility and the values of the society and calibrates it on the cognitive and emotional level. "
The family is considered to be the most important social institution responsible for preparing children for family and social life. Although psychologists differ in their theoretical framework, they are the most important social institution responsible for preparing children for family and social life. They gather that the family experiences of the child in his first year of the most important conferences that affect his social and psychological development.
The research will reveal the importance of the social and family upbringing of the child by the parents and what methods are used or followed by the parents, including:
- encouragement, advice and guidance, tolerance and leniency, deprivation and exclusion, fluctuation in treatment, corporal punishment of one or both parents and reward, in addition to other methods

The present research aims at identifying the effect of the strategy of rephrasing the ideas in the achievement of the students of the fourth preparatory (scientific), in Islamic Education, in the secondary (Safia bint Abdul Muttalib for girls.)
To achieve the objective of the research, the following zero hypothesis was formulated: There are no statistically significant differences between the average score of students of the fourth grade (scientific) who study the strategy of rewriting the ideas, and the average achievement of students of the fourth preparatory (scientific) who study in the traditional way.
The researcher adopted (experimental design) for the sample of the research (42 students), the society of the total research, and after the adoption of the appropriate statistical means, and the results indicated that there are differences of statistical significance for the benefit of the experimental group.

The present study aims at knowing the requirements of knowledge management in College of Education for Human Sciences Ibn Rushd from faculty members’ point of view. A questionnaire has been distributed randomly on the sample of study which represent the population for academic year 2015/2016. The total number of sample of study was (325) teachers. The questionnaire consists of (58) item, divided into the three domains, they are: requirements of knowledge management, operations of knowledge management, and institutional performance. Weighted percentile and weighted mean had been used as statistical means to analyses the data. The most important results of the present study found that all the aspects of knowledge management had been achieved in faculty of College of Education Ibn Rushd with different percentages. The present study recommended that it is very necessary to establish an internal network to transfer the ideas and knowledge.

This paper "Educational and social reform in the holy Quran" summarized as the following:
The paper study the educational and social reform in the Quran as the reform is urgent need of life, with showing the reform importance as survival reason for nations, and who corruptions cause the loss of security and give the destruction .
The paper contain six chapters, in chapter one the paper shows the main problem of the paper, its importance its goal , and the definitions of the terms. Chapter two study the case of educational and social reform in the Quran and shows the verses that mention the reform and its meaning and places in Quran. Chapter three study the methodology of individual educational reform. Chapter four the reform curriculum. Chapter five shows the attention of Quran of reform. Chapter six contains the results and recommendations.

This research aims at identifying the level of cognitive self-regulation and the level of Emotional Fatigue Among university instructors, in addition to identifying the significance according to gender ( male – female ) as well as correlation between two variables, to achieve this, the research constructed a scale of cognitive self-regulation which consists of (24) items, and constructed a scale of Emotional Fatigue which consists of (23) items, the psychometric of characteristics of these items have been confirmed and the two instruments are applied on a sample of (120) male and female instructors which are chosen randomly from three colleges of Baghdad university and from three Al- Mustansirya university. for the academic year 2017-2018 .
Results of the research :-
1. the university instructors do not have cognitive self-regulation.
2. there are non-statistical significance between the (male and female) in the cognitive self-regulation.
3. the university instructors have Emotional Fatigue.
4. there are non-statistical significance between the (male and female) in the Emotional Fatigue.
5. statistical analytic results show that there is no correlation significant between cognitive self-regulation and Emotional Fatigue according to the sample as a whole .

With Richard Rorty, a turning point has begun in American philosophy by seeking to reject the constitutive and theological philosophies and the belief in the Anti-foundationalism as philosophical sayings. It is also concerned with language, as it is important for our use , with that Rorty added the aspect of language represented by ordinary language, that he took from Wittgenstein, to the Pragmatic philosophy. He also sought to dispense epistemology, because it deceived and fascinated man by seeking to acquire truth. Rorty called that the philosophers leave intellectual meditation and build patterns and interest in art and literary criticism, and that the philosopher limits does not exceed persuasion.
In terms of his political speech, he advocates to adherence to the privacy of individual ridicule and freedom, and these concepts are linked to the value of solidarity. Liberalism, which he advocates, believes that it should require a little balance between the public and the private. Rorty criticizes the old democracies, because he sees that these democracies did not realize that the idea of non-practicality no longer exists and that we are frozen in a hierarchical society. Rorty sees this as a popular uprising, but he thinks it is a left-wing uprising rather than a fascist one.

The scholars did not agree on the origin of the word Sufism, and it emerged that it was attributed to wool, which was mostly on the clothing of the poor, and varied definitions of Sufism because of the issue of Sufism is a psychological issue of behavior, and the emergence of Sufism passed two stages before Islam: I was characterized by isolation from life And escape from the realities of living life, and it is an old idea emerged as a concept before Islam and in the previous nations, either in Islam: it came as a reaction to luxury and lavish rulers of the Umayyad and Abbas and evolved over time, even later called the owners of the name (mystic), and appeared that Sufism is not A doctrinal doctrine until we refer to it as Sunni or Shia, but it is A relationship between man and his Lord is a spiritual relationship.

Taking the subject of exposure at the present time another new form of certified technology, Vtaddt exposure methods varied with the advent of modern technologies and means of communication, through the use of electronic advertising and dissemination of films produced professionally in the social networking sites, and here comes the problem of search of the answer to the question follows a : What is the extent of exposure of young people to the videos of the organization " Disis " in social networking sites? And how students are exposed to the University of Baghdad For videos Organizing a preacher On , And what is the extent to which young people are convinced of the contents of the organization's films ? , And what kind of impact does exposure to regulatory videos have? , And the amount of conviction obtained content?, And what are the attitudes of youth towards the elements of participation and interaction with the published videos about the organization? .
It aims research to identify ways of exposure and use of the sites of communication and image formed by the exposure in the minds of young people about the organization and its leaders to get to the effectiveness and activity of propaganda institutions for the organization as well as propaganda offices of the mandates in the practice of psychological warfare electronically, and belongs to this research to research exploratory - Scout, and resorted In which the researcher to use one of the types of survey approach is a sample survey, which aims to study a diverse part of the units of the research community to detect the phenomenon subject to research and analysis .

The researcher used a tool The resolution The scale tool: to reach the goals of the research, and through which we aim to Knowing the level of use of social networking sites , And the search included twoframes including a framework Theoretical M and was such as Chapter II, and frame Applied Representative Chapter three ,the research found a set of results, including the Most respondents have seen Videos Violent organization to advocate in social networking sites , Fflf Opinions at rates close about the extent of interest in these videos, while the largest number of respondents preferred neutrality in a statement of interest to those publications, and although half of the respondents confirm the practices abomination by the organization Disis, but most of them are watching Videos This violence to the end , and there emerged a tendency not to Interact with those videos with admiration, comments and not Share them With friends , The results were then followed by a set of conclusions and recommendations on the phenomenon being investigated .

The research aims at identifying the effect of employing the method of discovery oriented in the cognitive achievement of volleyball and the level of cognitive thinking behind the students of the scientific fourth.
The research community requires the selection of one secondary school in the city of Baghdad / Karkh I, and male schools only. With more than two divisions. The sample of the study was from all students in the fourth grade of the academic year (2016 - 2017) from the Bilal Boys School of the Directorate General of Education Baghdad Karkh / 1 and the chosen Intentional (60) students distributed randomly between the two divisions (C, B). The total number of students in the Division (c) was (30) students studying using the method of directed discovery, and the total number of students in Division (B) 30 students studying in the usual manner.
The parity of the two groups was verified: age in months. IQ degree. Previous collection, testing of previous information. The two groups were equal in all variables. As for the research tool, the researcher prepared the volleyball cognitive knowledge test, whose final form was 40 words and the meta-cognitive scale, the final form of which was (50) paragraphs.
After the researcher completed the research experiment on the basis of what was planned, namely the achievement of cognitive volleyball, and the scale of thinking beyond the knowledge and found the superiority of the experimental group, which is taught according to the method of discovery directed in the development of cognitive knowledge volleyball, thinking beyond the knowledge on the control group Which is taught in the usual way.