Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

This paper deals with Semantic purposes whish involned Repetition in al hadith at the book of (alkashif an haqaq al- sunen" for al taibiwhish explained his author, book of " mishkat al- mesabih for al- tebrizi "died 741a.h" this nosearch proued al- taibi study in semantic feiled at al – hadith، then he became later agnate sample.
This Repetition was not restrictedonly on one tyre of speech but involned all its parts such as nouns، nerbsletters also his analysis depends on literal meaning and goes such changes on meanings .
This peper concludes that this book will he considered scientific encyclopedia because it involned difherent sciences in Arabic linguistics and Islamic studies.

The phenomenon of plagiarism has been commonly dealt with in Arabic criticism heritage,and many traditional Arab critics have written a specific part in their books covering this phenomenon under the title of \"literary thefts\". Literary thefts have been condemned in Arabic heritage as one poet takes some expressions or phrases from his predecessors, and such a tendency leads to the underestimation of the poet’s status. This phenomenon is called \"citation\" in Arabic rhetorics when the cited materials are extracted from the Glorious Qur\'an or the Prophetic Traditions. This phenomenon has been given different names in Arabic heritage depending on the source of taken materials like sayings, poetry, etc.
The phenomenon of plagiarism can be found in the poetic antithesis. Accordingly, plagiarism is the focus of this study. This study is organized around an introduction and three sections. Section one presents the concept of plagiarism from linguistic and terminological perspectivesa long with its history. Section two is limited to the different types of plagiarism in Arabic criticism heritage. Section three deals with the construction patterns of Arabic criticism heritage. Finally, conclusions are drawn out.

The Arab and Persian peoples since the old Testament neighbors, some of whom have contacted the other is better communication, particularly in the pre-Islamic and pre-Islamic times. The question that comes to mind is: What are the components that saved us pre-Islamic poetry manifestations of Persian civilization among the Arabs before Islam? Is poetry managed to convey the image of Persian culture that were common in the Arabian Peninsula? This article has addresses through poems ignorance manifestations of Persian culture in the lives of the Arabs before Islam. And it is designed to detect a relationship gallop capacity Arabs before Islam. Have we come to that Arabs were not Bmnazl events neighbor sophisticated, they even Aguetpsoa many landmarks his or her own and used it in all walks of life. The importance of this research look like when we did not find any source for the study of Persian civilization and culture of ancient pre-Islam, but rarely. As this study has shown us how civilizational and cultural friction between the Persians and the Arabs, they are extracted from the belly of the history of literature. The pre-Islamic poetry Kdioan Arabs keeping us through history tells us about the relationship between people of the Persian Bjarhm in ignorance. Researcher has adopted in his study on the descriptive approach of this article and will go on the descriptive and analytical.

Satire, is a literary genre which has a special position among the scholars and poets; and is an art which in that, scholar or poet looks at the world, incidents, human and its society from a different aspect and by using humor and irony but in a critical way and with delicacy and elegance tries to explore and detect defects and problems which exist in passage of life. It can be said that the satire’s world, is a screen of realities of life and social, political, religious, ethic, cultural incidents which within it, happiness and sadness bind to each other and also it is a literary that by using it, poet or scholar intends to reform the thoughts, beliefs, individual and social behavior. Al Baha Zohair , one of the prominent Egyptian poets of Ayyubi and Fatemi time, in his poems mentions some of the social and individual incidents, abnormally of his time by using satire and ironic. The author of this article intends to introduce so of the literary capabilities of Ayyubi and Fatemi time through this literary genre.

The research started towards the establishment and construction to replace alongside their probabilistic interpretation hyperbolic and guidance may be intentional guidance. Based on linguistic miracle, which is to preserve the building verbal as it is in the Qur'an Al-Kareem without saying that adapter from another building and maintaining the unity of the installation, which includes a word without saying: It is fitting word to delete it or increase where else.
It is then no justification for this quantum of multiple direct indication of the words of the Qur'an al-Kareem, which is the one book revealed the God is one and came down with one angel on the heart of the Prophet and one his words one uniform each leading one meaning indicating not a multiple suspicious interpretive faces. It is where sneaks it likely direction The permissible? Search has chosen to apply the idea of nine major examples of the Qur'an came to build Fuaaila, colorful sayings linguists and interpreters in touch significance both at the level of a single word or general construction. Those examples are: (rest and tranquility) and the two sides interpretation and (and the rest hostage) and two three aspects of interpretive and (pure and insight) and the two had four faces and (way) and the five aspects. And Praise be to Allah, the God of the Worlds.

Almost linguistics and language approach differ from those defined by the global history of linguistic studies, Including Arabic linguistic studies, I decided that the language linguistics subject of scientific study material, In this lesson linguistic began nearly shoved another contributed to the breadth of the research department, Accordingly God widened cognitive extents in most universities in the world, and its impact in the overall Linguistics Humanities. The pedagogical and teaching aids frontrunner in this effect, and as the teaching language is situated in the heart of the pedagogical department. It was the linguistics major impact on the development of Arabic language teaching, both speakers in Arab universities and secondary schools, or for non-native speakers

The affiliation main point in the Arab novel value, is a variety of different aspects and establishes a history of an entire people , they are the result of standard conditions, social and economic affected in Arab societies and pushed out towards the mixing or melt with other communities left on the impact of the problem in the national identity of the Arab individual .The research deal with the problem through the narrative texts raised the subject of discussion with the stand on homelands repellant models for their sons because of the circumstances and the pressure, on the contrary homelands attracting entrants from last nationalities. The research concluded that the main reason to loss of the identity of belonging to the homelands is the lack of community awareness of the individual which promotes belonging to his land and its components.

Mohammed Almagout is a fruitful poetical character of innovative ideas , violating the standard system in thinking and writing. He aims to create intellectual and epistemological alternatives , to reach the future, where the targeted poetical dreams rather than reality. He is with humanistic vision seeking glimpses of hope. His poetical approach is humanistic targeting new horizons to provide life with purposefulness for the responder . The research problem:
The research tackles the concept of ( purposefulness) as textual criteria , and basic condition in humanistic communication process, between the poet, the creator of coherence and aim connected text , and the responder , who intends to investigate the purposefulness. The research method and aim.The research follows textual approach, to explain the language of the poet in this collection, and to locate and investigate the mechanism of the poet purposefulness, where that opens a gap to show the text, and multiple readings. The purposefulness is of condensed dimension rather than significance rational , as in ordinary text.

The word "baal" means "husband", and the plural form is "baoola". The wife is likewise called "baal" or "baala". "Baal" is a Semitic noun for a Canaanite god or a god's son and husband to goddess "baala" or "Asheera" or "Ishtaroot". He was known as the god Hood who was a god of fields and cattle fertility.
In sum, worshipping "baal" was common among the peoples of the East in the old time; that is why, we find he had different names. The reason was that each nation used a name that was known among its people. Any of his names would often start with "baal" and end with the name of that land or city. Alternatively, it would start with something attached to it, such as "baalfaghoor" or "Beelzebub". "Baal" had many priests who used to cheat people with their magic and sorcery which they relate to their god.

Find boils down to is marked by (employing digital editing (non-consecutive) in enriching Filma expression), and the reflection of the digital montage to the enrichment of the movie film. And distributes research on five chapters, the first chapter dealt with the methodological framework of the research, which included the research problem and is as follows: What is the function of digital editing (non-consecutive) in enriching Filma expression? . And the importance of research.The objectives of the research. The second chapter, a theoretical framework and previous studies. And distributes the theoretical framework of the three sections, the first section contains digital technology. As well as film and digital technologies. The second topic dealt with digital editing devices (non-consecutive). And the third on the role of technology in some directorial processors. In the third chapter, which has been allocated to research procedures, which included the research methodology and the research community. The film is appointed:The Lord of the Rings Part III :The Return of the King. Directed by Peter Jackson, the production in 2003. Then the fourth quarter, Neshat sample analysis.The fifth chapter Vahtoy on the results, as well as the conclusions reached by the researcher. It must Research of this type that contains the sources supports the scientific research process.

The relationship between science is one of the important issues that must be recognized by the researchers so as not to leave them and withdraw matters from science to other science without the benefit of scientific. Hence, the study dealt with one of the tenets of this relationship, the relationship between the science of speech and the doctrine of jurisprudence and the limits of the fundamentalist system model of one of the most prominent scholars of jurisprudence in the second half of the twentieth century, Mr. Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei. The research dealt with four words that were addressed in the science of assets: And the psychological and human actions and copies, which show from this system that in the sentence and in the detailed after the discursive research does not depend on the formation of rules in the science of jurisprudence, and therefore the researcher in the fundamentals of jurisprudence not to make them part of the system, In the science of speech has a link to some issues of jurisprudence.

The British knew the importance of Iraq strategy since the beginning of the seventeenth century, so they planned to control it, and it became a big influence them there until 1914, when British forces occupied Iraq. Although Iraq's entry into the League of Nations and declared an independent state in 1932, but it remained under British influence until the 1958 revolution.Relations between the two countries had not stabilized after 1958, and in 1991 Britain participated Gulf War against Iraq and the severance of diplomatic relations. In 2003, Britain entered into an alliance with the United States to occupy Iraq, and after this date restored diplomatic relations between the two countries. And developed relations politically, economically and culturally after 2003.

The research in the Egyptian - Libyan relation dates back to ancient history. The change of leaders and the political system had affected these relations ,so they had changed from being so close to unly passing through tension and even conflict There is long borders between the two countries more than a thousand kilo-which made some kind of social relations ship between the people of the two countries . the relation between the two states had grew stronger ,after their in dependence especially when Libya tried to follow the steps of Egypt during Nasir era, but their relations deteriorated after Egypt's peace treaty with Israel , but it had flourished buck in the nineties. In spite of the improvement in the relation. between the two part after 2003.on the economic level , it had passed through tensions because of the mutual acquisitions of the two authorities,the Egyptian and the Libyan because of Libyan decision to abandon weapons of mass distraction, and the Libyan close relations with the muslim brother hood in Egypt,the main opposition forcei-Egypt at that time.

This research deals with the revolutions of the Safariya in the Maghreb from the year 122 AH - 143 AH / 740-760 Ad . it presents the beginning of the emergence of the Safarian group, and its beliefs in the Arab Orient countries, then the research discusses the transfer of the principles of Safariya to the Maghreb countries, escaping the Umayyad state after Bloody revolutions which failed to achieve their goals in changing the regime, or control of a territory. Al-Safriya had chosen the Arab Maghreb countries for its distance from the centre of the Islamic Caliphate, and its knowledge of the acceptance of principles and ideas hostile to the Umayyad state. He also reviewed the revolutions of Al-Safriya during the reign of Abdullah bin Habab, and the battles fought by their adversaries, as well as the role of Hanthalah bin Safwan in resisting the Safriya, and victory over them, as well as the role of Abdulrahman bin Habib Fahri in suppressing the Safriya, and victory over them, and the role of Abu Al- Ibadi in addressing the Safriya , highlighting himself as the Imam who is Zahed, believer and defender of blood of Muslims, and their money, after committing Safriya violent crimes when they took control of Kairouan. And then the death of Abu al-Khatab by Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Khuza'i, which was approved by al-Mansur on the mandate of Morocco to eliminate the sedition and revolutions that emerged in the Maghreb. And finally the establishment of the safriyan state, which was later known as the state of Bani Madrar or Bani Wasul, and had taken from Sigalmassa as its capital

The military expenses in the Islamic Arabic state has been considered an important indicator that reflects the significance of the military system. Our current study aims to these military expenses in the era of Umayyad to specify the level of change in this institution from that level of Al-Rashidi era by bringing forth the changes that have been happened , besides placing terms for those who enter into the volume . This was prevailing over in the previous ages , but it was simple . It has been witnessed organizing volumes . The Umayyad state followed the rules placed by the caliphate " Omar Bin Al-Khatab" just like Sources of gifts from tributes and abscess and the surplus one placed in house of money; one should not take gift from charity. The distribution of the gift has been the reason for having the tribes of Levant ( Yemeni and Qaisi tribes)appear loyalty for Umayyad princes in return they will be given financial rewards and to be appointed in the jobs .IF the gift keeps on in Muharam Month (Islamic month) salaries to the soldiers will be paid since he lateness was causing problems for Umayyad caliphates . The heritage of gift remains applicable until the end of the Umayyad era , after it was applicable in Al-Rashidi era; besides , the Umayyad has organized and developed livings and established a special office for that. The booties in the era of Umayyad have got divided based on shares with the preference of the knight to the non-knight since the former has exerted efforts that will be explained in this current study.

Soviet-German Conflict over Finland 1941-1944 is another phase of challenges that faced Finland to keep it's independence and sovereignty.It started as a result of German Barbarossa against Soviet Union in June 22nd,1941 and lasted for four years,when ended by armistice agreement signed in September 19th,1944.As what happened in the previous winter war,Finland lost many territories in her southern border,paid war indemnity of 300 million american dollar to Soviet Union,and the most important, it kept Finland behave wisely and peacefully along the next years.

The events that took place in Iran during the second world war are considered an important item for Iraqi diplomacy and follow-up by the Foreign Ministry in Iraq. On the other hand, this Iraqi diplomacy was considered to be quite flexible when a reshuffle occurred. It was looking for its causes and linking them, and then adopting accurate scenarios to protect its interests. Iraq was not far from what was happening in Iran .When Mohammad Reza Pahlavi took power in Iran, The oil conflict has also existed. In addition to Iran's strategic position, making US intervention clear. Which prompted Iran to build an intimate relationship with the United States and strengthen its relations in all respects, especially when Ahmed assigned the strength of the Sultanate to form the ministry on the ninth of August 1924 and consider America a third force used by Ahmed Qawam as a bargaining chip to confront the British and Soviet Union in the region. After the issue of oil emerged on the political scene and at that time, the Iranian government took a deep breath in the embrace of the United States. In fact, Reza Shah Pahlawi inherited a backward country, especially in the economic field. He tried to reform the country's economic recession and make Iran to acquire a new stage, and the result of foreign demand for Iranian oil led to widespread reactions at the internal level and became pro-Western groups to reject the Soviet demand and solidarity with the independent. While the Iranian Communist Party (Toda Party) supported the request and held demonstrations for the immediate admission of the Soviet Union

Works of art present several types of mothers one of them is the dominant.
This research deals with this type of mothers. It aims at highlighting the bad effect of mother's domination over her children and others. It is divided into three sections and a conclusion. Section one; the introduction illustrates the types of mothers and the patriarchal society during the 19th and 20th centuries. Section two discusses the monstrous mother in August Strindberg's The Father and how her excessive
domination leads to the madness of the father. Section three sheds light on the monstrous mother in Arthur kopit's Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma’s Hung You in the Closet and I’m Feelin’ So Sad (hereafter Oh Dad) in which the mother turns her son into a killer due to her desire of dominance. The conclusion sums up that both can be considered femmes fatal because of their pernicious impact on those around them, especially members of their families.

Although textbooks maintain an important role in the EFL context, their sovereignty
on teaching has been challenged and the belief that teachers can blindly rely on them
has been questioned. Textbook evaluation has become a necessary practice in the field
of teaching, seeking to assist in the choice of the best suitable book for a specific
context, promote teachers’ awareness on the actual contents of a book and facilitate
them to make necessary adaptations. The present study investigated the suitability of the
textbook used for 6th stage of preparatory and secondary schools. The results of the
study suggested that the strengths of the book could be identified in areas
of organization, thematic content and inclusion of all the language skills. However,
the problematic areas related to authentic language, integration of skills, nature of tasks
and materials for assessment.
We need to evaluate textbooks for helping the teacher or program developer in
making decisions on selecting the appropriate textbook. Furthermore, evaluation of the
merits and demerits of a textbook will familiarize the teacher with its probable
weaknesses and strengths. This will enable teachers to make appropriate adaptations to
the material in their future instruction.

Assimilation is a phonological, linguistic phenomenon. Assimilation is
a change may occur between words or within a word when one speech
sound comes to resemble or become identical with a neighboring sound.
By heraldically swift speech, adjoining consonant sounds often influence
one another to produce changes embedding modification in voicing, place
of articulation, or in both voicing and place (Majeed& Mahmad, 1997 :
124). The main reason behind this change is the tendency of the speaker
towards ease of articulation and/ or economy of effort. The study aims to
contrast assimilation in Classical Arabic and Standard English in order to
identify the different and similar patterns in the two languages.

This study deals with the representations of the oriental woman in the Western
narrative on orient. The Western representations of oriental woman are products of
specific moments and developments in culture. For their own rhetorical and political
purposes, the Western writers employ a discourse representing an Eastern woman,
whose Otherness is always subject to qualification and change. The concern of this
study is to reveal how this narrative is revolved around certain concept that the oriental
woman is victimized.
Byron’s conception of the oriental woman is shaped by these Orientalist ideas. In
―Turkish Tales,‖ Byron uses the figure of the Oriental woman and the harem system.
What we find in these tales is oriental women who are both domestic and disobedient,
and who try to resist their bounded existence; the harem. Byron often portrays the
harem as a confined domestic space against which women may reasonably rebel. But
their acts of rebellion almost always end in failure.

This paper investigates the significant role of \' context\' in the
clarification and explication of words in English. It also sheds light on the
linguistic environment within which the word operates, i- e- the collocates
that occur in concomitance with this word .The research aims at exploring
the formulation of words and vocables within the due context. This
exploration, however, is conducted through the use of academic
terminology in the framework of well-maintained context under certain
semantic restrictions. Moreover, this work is an attempt to come up with
answers to such questions as : What is meant by \'context\'? How important
is \'contextualization\' for the clarification of words ? Do \'context\' and
\'collocationality\' both contribute to the full understanding of words ?
The objective of the study is to investigate, explore and probe into the
unraveling role of \'context\' and \'contextualisation\'. The study is a two– fold
investigation aimed at getting acquainted with on- campus terms as well as
the framework within which such terms operate and perform their
communicative function . The study concludes that \"context\" is inevitable
for the conscious awareness desperately required by learners of English to
fully grasp the sense intended. This, above all , saves the learner both the
effort and time that may be consumed in the quest for the meaning of a
word out of context.

(de los vientos) en ingles: The aim of this research is to show the diversity
of word (winds) around Spain and explain its differences in semantic,
pragmatic, and geolinguistic. We want to show how the words change
according to their geographical location. In this research we go deeply to
discover the origin of word (winds) and its change from Greek language to
Latin till the Spanish language; for example the word (solano) is used to
denote to the east winds and in the south; and from where did it com the
word (cierzo) this question and else lead as to analyze distances and
scientific and popular name form then.
We made atmospherically survey throughout Spain to know the
change and its effect in great contrast in words changing and its variety;
their history and their popular names.
The reason of this great variety is the importance of wind in human
beings life, and the second Couse is to show the develop of words through
the time from Greek to Latin till the present time, the third motive that we
can recognize between scientific word, semantic, and popular; through the
use of (Linguistic Atlas) we will notice a clear difference for name
according to the purpose of speakers and its importance for them.

Carrying out comparative studies may pave the way for knowing some universal facts
about human language and the common characteristics the compared languages have. The
present study tackled one phenomenon of language, the diminutive, which was seen common
both to English and Arabic. In English, the diminutive usually shows that something is small
and it is either used literally or metaphorically. In Arabic, on the other hand, such meanings are
also to be noticed together with the idea that the diminutive mainly means shortening. The paper
was divided into three sections and a conclusion. Section one dealt with the diminutive in
English giving a definition, talking about the formation of the diminutive, showing the relation
between the diminutive and phonology, the diminutive and productivity, the diminutive and
borrowing, the diminutive and other languages and afterwards the relation between the
diminutive and pragmatics. Section two, on the other hand, was concerned with the diminutive
in Arabic where a definition was also given, the functions the diminutive achieve, the conditions
for forming the diminutive, the prosodic measures the diminutive follows and the rules and
exceptions it follows. Section three was a comparison between the diminutive in English and
Arabic. The study ended with mentioning some conclusions the study came out with. It was
seen that the two languages differed on the phonological level, some differences were noticed as
regards the parts of speech and functions the diminutive perform in each of the two languages.

This research paper deals with two plays: Iraqi play (Walls of Fear) by
Iraqi dramatist Kadhim Imarn Mousa) and the second one is Murder in
Cathedral by American Dramatist T.S.Eliot.Both dramatists present the
martyr character from ordinary people but the tyrant is represented by kings
or rulers. Theme of the play Murder in Cathedral is the conflict between
what a man knows is right in the sight of God and brute force but the theme
of the play Walls of Fear is the conflict between the people and the tyrant
king .Many of Iraqi young people are martyrs like Thomas Becket.