Journal wlkalam

Abstract:
Good morals are the scale of human civilization›s progress, from the first creation until the Day of Judgment. In them, man is distinguished from the creatures of the Most Gracious, from inanimate objects to animals. Whoever has good morals is described as a human being, and whoever lacks that is metaphorically called one of the human beings and not a human being. There is no doubt that God Almighty did not establish laws and religions, and sent the chosen ones from the great ones of the human beings, except to lead people to the white path, and rescue them from the pastures of deaf animals, the filth and quagmires of devils, and the mistakes of fools and wicked people; to take them by the hand to the gardens of Paradise, and to move them away from the tents of Hell.

Abstract:
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the seal of the Prophets and Messengers, Muhammad, and his pure and good family.
The topic (Selected consensensuses of early and late jurists from the consensuses mentioned by sheikh al –tabarsi in his book al-salaf sclected disagreements : a comparative jurisprisudential study amodern and contemporary lmami juists)on of the important jurisprudential topics in our tim ,because of its great importance ,according to the new developments in society ,therefore ,l took of the consensuses mentioned by al- tabaring in his book ,comparing them between the of the modernists and the contemporaries .to know ther fatwa on these issues , which are based on consensus ,and knowing ther fatwa which they based ther evidence ,and knowing whether their fatwa agrees with the consensus of the predecessors and the successors ,because consensus reveals the infallible lmam , therefore , the nature of the nature research required that it be divided into asummary an introduction , and three sections : the first is al- tabarsi and his science and consensus among the lmamis .the scond is examples of the issues of consensus the lmami jurists that sheikh al-tabarsi mentioned in his that sheikh al-tabarsi mentioned in his book al- muatalif min al-mukhtalif bayn aimmat al-salaf selected differences part 1rituals and transaction .as for the third section it is examples of the issues of consensus among the lmami jurists that sheikh al- tabarsi mentioned bayn aimmat al- salaf , selected part 2 oaths , testimonies , theft and suretship .then there is a list of footes and sources .

summary:
The subject of this research has addressed the most important things we need, whether in this life or the hereafter, as it focuses on authentic components so that each of us walks on a correct, organized path according to the steps that are followed. It is not hidden from us that the religion of Islam is a religion of a divine system that has set basic rules on which the branches are based; so that the building has high specifications, and the building of our true religion is based on a basic pillar that refines the behavior of the Muslim person, which is prayer. It is known that each branch has a root; therefore, the branch of zakat was a solution to the problems of poverty and deprivation suffered by the poor class in society. As for jihad, it is the jihad of the self first to confront desires by restraining; It is considered the most difficult type, as it involves endurance and repression. The other type is the lesser jihad in defending the land, honor, and money against anyone who attacks them. As for fasting, its dimensions are many, sometimes reflecting on the soul, other times on the health of the body, and sometimes on the educational dimensions that pay

The phenomenon of deletion is one of the linguistic phenomena that all human languages share, for various reasons among its users, and it is more evident and clearer in the Arabic language because one of the characteristics of the authentic Arabic language is the tendency toward brevity and abbreviation. Deletion is a form of eloquence and eloquence, as the Arabs considered it one of the two types of brevity, which are shortness and deletion.
Many linguistic usages and historical evidence have confirmed that the Arabs hated what was heavy on their tongue and tended to lighten it. In this research, I tried to study the deletion in detail and reveal its causes and locations by studying some texts of the Holy Qur’an.

The summary :
The title represents a prominent position in the literary arena as a parallel text and a key semantic load that refers to the overall meaning embodied in the overall content of the text, as it represents the threshold through which the recipient enters the text. In Al-Jawahiri’s poetry, the title was the key that refers the reader to the general and purposeful vision of the poem, due to its great role in understanding the meaning of the text because it broadcasts the illumination of the meanings that are established in it like the spirit of what it contains of intense meanings. Based on the critical concept of the text, it consists of two texts that refer to one meaning in their similarity, different in their readings: (the text and its title), one of which is brief, and the other, the content and meaning of the overall poem, is lengthy and consists of sentences with functionally connected meanings to form the body of the poem, which constitutes a system with its semantic dimensions distributed over the title and then over the poem, and another symbolic dimension that represents the semiotic dimension formed by the title with the aim of suspense and temptation directed to the researcher and follower of its meanings, and an attempt to decipher its symbolic codes according.

Many opponents of Islam have persistently sought to undermine it by attacking the Quran, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), certain Islamic doctrines, or even some of its laws, all under the banners of renewal, modernity, or scientific theories. These are undoubtedly desperate attempts to undermine Islam. This research addresses one such contemporary writer, Saeed Nasheed, through a critical and fair reading of his book from the perspective of an Islamic scholar, grounded in the Quran, the Sunnah, and sound reason. The author in question attempts to challenge the Quran and the prophethood of Muhammad (PBUH) using what he claims to be a scientific approach. Almost every page of his book is filled with attacks and doubts about the religion, relying on the views of ancient philosophers rejected by Muslims in their time, or on Orientalists whose flaws become evident upon scientific analysis, or on extreme Sufis whose statements are mixed with the views of wayward philosophers. He attempts to associate all these to Islam, even considering them as representatives of the religion, and then searches for aberrant opinions in interpretations or hadiths. Hence, my desire to write this research is to refute his falsehoods presented as modernity and his criticisms masquerading as scientific rigor. Since he speaks as if he were a Muslim and considers himself one, my response must be based on Quranic verses, prophetic traditions, established Islamic jurisprudence theories, or clear logic. This is what will be found within the pages of this research.

The Arabic language requires continuous research and analysis to fully understand and comprehend it. Dictionaries are considered a vital reference for researchers and scholars who seek to understand the vocabulary of the Arabic language. However, there are aspects of the Arabic lexicon that have not study sufficiently, specifically the vocabulary and issues described by the term "unknown."
The designation of the described as "unknown" indicates the existence of a significant number of words and terms in Arabic dictionaries that are not adequately documented, thus remaining ambiguous or unknown to the reader. These terms vary across different linguistic levels, such as phonetics, morphology, . It is important to understand the reasons behind this phenomenon and to know the need for better analysis and documentation.

Improvisation is the living monetary model in the manufacture of improvised poetry from the pre -Islamic era to the present day; It represents the true critical value of the text and the poet alike, and this value lies in the poet’s manufacture of the improvised poetic text in the face of intuition and improvisation without preparing or preparing, so the improvisation of speech is not an easy thing in its reality, so how if it is a poetic poetry with weights, lukewarm, construction, pictures and imagination? And what the poetic text possesses, in terms of language, eloquence, statement, and other technologies in which the improvised poetic text must be available, including the presence of intuition with the ingenuity of poetry systems in situations in which the need to respond to a poet or those in which passion is the focus of the poet's heart, especially what It came in the wife's lament, as there are poets who possess improvisation energy, Kabi Nawas, Abi Al -Athayah, and Ibn Hamdis Al -Skali, as well as our poet Prince Yusuf III, and for that, critics called for poetry to be ease and erection without effort or fatigue; As he must be the poet, his mind is present with his acumen and improvised energy on issuing a poetic text that carries improvisation.

The Arabic language is a living language. It went through stages of strength and weakness like other languages, but there were factors that kept it alive, such as the revelation of the Book dear to it, and its people preserving their language. The meaning of some of his words changed, and he moved from one meaning to another. And another, between the breadth or narrowness of the meaning, or sophistication or decadence, and other matters according to the change of time, the diversity of environments, or even the profession in which one works. The origin of this is semantic development and its various causes, whether as a metaphor, simile, or otherwise. The reasons for this semantic development are many, whether psychological, social, linguistic, historical, or other. The research has shown that the meaning of a single word may have a high, broad, or general meaning, and that a single word may come with other meanings that are decadent in themselves, as it indicates a decadent meaning, or indicates something less than that. The original meaning of the word. It can be said that decadence is not necessarily the meaning. It\\'s corny. Lack of meaning is a degradation of meaning, but it is not sordid or vulgar. The research dealt with some words that appeared in Iraqi newspapers, and attention should have been given to these words, especially since these words are accessible to a wide segment of people, including illiterate people, intellectuals, and writers, so that the language that people, writers, and intellectuals read will elevate their minds. The research seeks to find out two things: the first is to explain the abundance and diversity of Arabic words, and to explain the differences in meanings in them, and the second is to emphasize the denunciation of many of these words and warn that journalistic writers should not cover them. Among the results of the research was the emergence of a good number of words that the writers should have left out and used other words that were more complex and general than those that were often insulting and dishonest.

l-Aburdi (d. 507 AH) occupies a prominent position among poets and scholars of the fifth century AH It was characterized by knowledge of language and genealogy, and his poetry was characterized by the fact that it included meanings and vocabulary unfamiliar, and God helped me to study the semantic level in his office has realized after I saw what was involved in his verses of different semantic images the extent of his ability and splendor Formulation and employment of semantic methods in the expression of what he aims, his poems involved many semantic methods such as common verbal and contrast and opposites and tandem and was to grow up in Persia and his movements clear impact in what was stated from the Arabized in his poems, it included his office topics characterized by a diversity of poetic purposes included various topics of praise and satire and description and lamentation and spinning .which we reached is not to change the purposes of poetry for what was in previous eras, but the change that occurred is The content, style and content of these poetic.

This research aims to raise a set of questions and attempt to answer them, or open new horizons for answering them:
-Is it possible to apply the modern theory of semantic fields to a linguistic dictionary that its author classified by chapter and section?
-Is there any material that includes terms for the scarcity or abundance of human hair?
-Has the precise meaning of terms for hair scarcity and abundance been clarified?
-Are there terms indicating hair scarcity or abundance that are used for both humans and animals?

This research examines the authority of weak reports, as they are not inherently authoritative according to all Islamic schools of thought. Can a weak report attain the level of authority if supported by certain indications that strengthen its weak chain of transmission and elevate it to the level of reliable ḥadith? The study revolves around the indications established by some Imami scholars. Some of them considered the widespread reliance of early jurists on weak reports as a factor that compensates for their weak chain of transmission. Others regarded the mursal reports of any of the three narrators ( Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Abi Nasr Al-Bazanti, Safwan bin Yahya, and Mohammed bin Abi Umair) as an indication of authenticity. The Akhbari scholars further expanded this view by asserting the definitive nature of the narrations found in the four recognized books of ḥadith within the Imami tradition, thereby including all weak reports in these books within the scope of authority.

The research aims to interpret the verses of rulings in transactions between Al-Rawandi and Al-Qurtubi, as Al-Rawandi and Al-Qurtubi are considered among the great interpreters of the verses of rulings who have an important influence in the interpretation and clarification of rulings, and each of them has his own method in interpreting the verses of revelation and the methodology followed in that, as they are truly scientific figures in the science of interpretation, as both Al-Rawandi and Al-Qurtubi relied on the method of citing the hadiths of the Prophet and the narrations and their purpose in interpreting the decisive verses, and most of the verses that Al-Rawandi addressed were the basic ones that worshippers rely on in the legal rulings of the true Islamic religion, while Al-Qurtubi interpreted all the verses of the rulings even if they were repeated, and each of them has his own unique method and clear imprint in interpreting and explaining the Holy Quranic verses. The research dealt with transactions in Islam, which are one of the complex topics because the legal rulings contain in organizing relations between all people and are not specific to Muslims only.

This study seeks to shed light on a group of words that Al-Salihi (d. 942 AH) described as strange in his book (Subul Al-Huda wa Al-Rashad fi Sirat Khair Al-Ibad), which is considered one of the largest books written on the Prophet’s biography and its study according to semantics and the development that occurred in its meanings and connotations, which led it to be strange. In this research, we will focus on the strange words of the biography that have been affected by semantic development over time. The change in meaning is only one aspect of linguistic development that occurs within the nature of the special language, as nothing is completely fixed or stable in it. As for the interest of scholars of strange words in the aspect of semantic development, it is due to their interest in removing the ambiguity and confusion that may affect texts as a result of the development that occurs in the language over time. A person cannot do without understanding what is meant by the words of the language and knowing what they mean in certain contexts; because the mind’s diversion to a meaning other than the intended meaning leads to obfuscation, confusion, and deviation from the truth to waste the desired purpose in the language.

This research sheds light on the use of the poetic mask technique in the poetry of the poet Hadi Al-Rubaie. It is known that the poetic mask is a modern phenomenon in modern poetry that the poet resorts to as a modern technique that arouses suggestion in the reader and has far-reaching connotations. The research plan consisted of a simple introduction and a preface that included a brief overview of the life of the poet Hadi Al-Rubaie، in addition to defining the poetic mask technique. The preface is followed by two topics، the first of which is the political mask and the second is the personal mask. Then there is a conclusion with the most important results of the research، then a list of the research margins، then a list of sources.

What is meant by the Qur’anic foundations are the teachings of the Holy Qur’an, and these foundations include the commands of God Almighty that He directed to Muslims, at all social, educational, political, cultural and jihadist levels.These Qur’anic foundations have sources from which they were taken along the course of the revolution, and the indicators of the emergence of the revolution relied on the Holy Qur’an in Its paths, Among these foundations are that the word of God is supreme, the upholding of His law, the legislation of jihad, the public call for reform, the continuation of work according to the Sunnah of the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family), the establishment of the concept of freedom, not submitting to humiliation, and the completion of the argument against the nation.In the end, it becomes clear that the revolution of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) in all its aspects was and still is.It is based on the Qur’anic text, which is an application of the concepts, teachings and principles of the Holy Qur’an

Through our research on the Battle of Karbala in the eyes of Orientalists, several basic matters have become clear to us, including knowledge of Orientalism in language and terminology, the goals of Orientalism, and the means of Orientalism in spreading their trends and ideas, as well as the works of Orientalists in university teaching, writing, research, and publishing. In addition, we will find the writings of Orientalists about Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) and the views of Orientalists on the Battle of Karbala, including the Orientalists Olivier Carton, Ronaldson, Wellhausen, Lammens, Ernst, Henry Corbin, and K. Le Strange.
Francesc, Antoine Sfeir, Maxime Vaudanault, Douglas, Montgomery Watt, Maribin, Jeffrey, Gerhard, and Philippe Hitti.

The subject of this research has addressed the most important things we need, whether in this life or the hereafter, as it focuses on authentic components so that each of us walks on a correct, organized path according to the steps that are followed. It is not hidden from us that the religion of Islam is a religion of a divine system that has set basic rules on which the branches are based; so that the building has high specifications, and the building of our true religion is based on a basic pillar that refines the behavior of the Muslim person, which is prayer. It is known that each branch has a root; therefore, the branch of zakat was a solution to the problems of poverty and deprivation suffered by the poor class in society. As for jihad, it is the jihad of the self first to confront desires by restraining; It is considered the most difficult type, as it involves endurance and repression. The other type is the lesser jihad in defending the land, honor, and money against anyone who attacks them. As for fasting, its dimensions are many, sometimes reflecting on the soul, other times on the health of the body, and sometimes on the educational dimensions that pay the counterpart for giving charity. The deeper those dimensions become, the more that worshipper increases in worship, and as a result, he attains the pleasure of Allah Almighty and his abode is the eternal gardens.

This research examines the impact of separation from nature in modern Arabic poetry by analyzing the intellectual and social transformations that led to this shift and its reflection on the structure and themes of Arabic poetry. Initially, the study highlights the significance of nature in classical Arabic poetry, where nature played a fundamental role in poetic imagery and served as a primary source of inspiration. The research then explores the factors that contributed to the detachment from nature, such as urbanization, industrialization, political and social changes, colonial influence, and globalization. Subsequently, it examines how these transformations are reflected in modern Arabic poetry by analyzing key poetic works that showcase the evolving portrayal of nature. Finally, the study discusses attempts to restore the connection with nature in contemporary Arabic poetry, where a new environmental awareness has emerged, and nature has become a symbol of spiritual balance and cultural identity. The research aims to demonstrate how major societal transformations have influenced the role of nature in poetry and highlight poets’ efforts to revive the relationship between humans and their environment amid modern challenges.

The importance of the research stems from the importance of jurisprudential rules that gather the scattered issues of Islamic jurisprudence, especially those applied in political jurisprudence and the judiciary, and clarifying the extent to which the Iraqi legislator was influenced by them in formulating the articles of the Iraqi Constitution 2005, to be comprehensive, controlling, organizing and comprehensive rules for those articles in a concise formulation. Linking jurisprudential rules to their branches and applying their issues on the ground shows the importance, comprehensiveness and perfection of Islamic jurisprudence and the suitability of applying its issues in all ages and times.
The study was organized, in addition to the introduction and conclusion, into two sections: The first: the general framework of the research terms, while the second section included: the impact of jurisprudential rules in formulating the articles of the independent bodies of the Iraqi Constitution 2005.

Fame was defined as an actual result of a persuasive communication process directed to a listening audience through a text that carries an idea that works to arouse imagination and thought through its creative ideas, influential words and images that touch the human soul and make it feel a continuous pleasure, relying on its foundation on two basic pillars, the first is related to the internal structures of the founding of the famous text of linguistic signs and sensory and Visual effects, and the second is related to the external sociocultural structures and the texts relationships with the environment and society