Rafidain journal of science

1

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Cinnamon, Clove, Eucalyptus, and Tea Tree Oils Against Oral Streptococci

Shababa A. Bahjat

Pages: 1-14 English

Abstract

Biofilm formation is becoming recognized as a key step in many infections. Prevention of this process as well as destruction of pre-formed biofilm are considered key strategies in controlling infectious diseases.
The aim of the present work is to study biofilm formation in oral streptococci isolated from children aged 6-10 years and to test the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of four essential oils (Cinnamon, Clove, Eucalyptus, and Tea tree) by using three in vitro methods; Tissue Culture Plate, Tube Method, and Congo red agar for the detection of biofilm formation
Results of this study showed that all oral streptococci exhibited biofilm formation with varying degrees. Also, cinnamon, clove, eucalyptus, followed by tea tree oil not only had a distinctive antibacterial activity against oral Streptococcal isolates, but also possessed anti-biofilm activity. These data provide evidence that plant oils could be potentially used as natural additives, clinically effective, inexpensive and safe plaque control supplements in the prevention of oral diseases.

Keywords

Antibacterial Antibiofilm Essential oils. Oral Streptococci

2

Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulfamethoxazole in Pure and in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Diazotization and Coupling Reaction

Salim A. Mohammed er, Nassem M. Al-Hamdany, Asmaa N. Abdulkad

Pages: 15-26 English

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Abstract

highly sensitive, simple and accurate spectrophotometric method has been developed for quantitative determination of sulfamethoxazole(SMX) in both pure form and pharmaceutical preparations. In this method SMX is diazotized with equimolar of sodium nitrite(NaNO2) in acid medium of hydrochloric acid to form diazonium ion , which is reacted with 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid in alkaline medium of NaOH to form a yellow water soluble azo dye that has absorption maximum at 416 nm versus reagent blank. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range 0.2-16 μg. ml-1 with an excellent determination coefficient (r2= 0.9996) and molar absorptivity 1.84×104 l.mol-1.cm-1. The recoveries are obtained in the range of 97.8 - 99.8% and the relative standard deviation is better than ±0.23% . The stoichiometry of the resulting azo dye has been also worked out and it is found to be 1:1 SMX: 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid. This method has been applied successfully for the determination of SMX in pharmaceutical preparations (tablets and oral suspension).

Keywords

4 6-Trihydroxybenzoic acid; Spectrophotometry Sulfamethoxazole; Diazotization; 2

3

Clinical Study of some Biochemical Parameters in Serum of Women Undergoing Uterine Removal

Raghad A. Hammo

Pages: 27-32 English

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Abstract

The present research includes a clinical study of estrogen hormone and ferritin protein, cholesterol, and some levels of mineral, such as calcium and phosphorus in the serum of women who have undergone uterine removal. The results showed a significant decrease in the estrogen hormone level of serum for women who have undergone uterine removal (50.3Pg/ml), in comparison with healthy women (138.65Pg/ml) at a probability level of P≤0.05. The study also showed a significant increase of ferritin protein level of women who have undergone uterine removal (64.35mg/dl) when compared with healthy women (52.10mg/dl) at probability level of P≤0.05, with a significant increase in the cholesterol level in serum of women who have undergone uterine removal (7.643mmol/L), in comparison with healthy women (4.525mmol/L) at a probability level of P≤0.05. The investigation also discussed the effect of some minerals, like calcium and phosphorous on the serum of women who have undergone uterine removal, and it found significant decrease in calcium level of women who have undergone uterine removal while compared with healthy women (1.86), (2.41) mmol/L respectively at probability level (P≤0.05), while present slight increase in phosphorous level compared with healthy women(3.95), (3.731) mmol/ L respectively.

Keywords

Calicum Cholesterol Estrogen Hormon Ferittin phosphorous.

4

Structural Properties of Zinc Aluminate ZnAl2O4 Compound

Hothama A. Mohammed, Raad A. Rasool

Pages: 33-39 English

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Abstract

Zinc Aluminate, 14 ZnAl2O4"> is prepared using the double sintering heating which is known as the ceramic method at high temperatures 1000 Co. The structural properties are studied using the X-ray and Infrared techniques at room temperature. It was found that the compound has the spinel face centered cubic structure by showing the diffractions from the main crystalline planes of the spinel structured. The infrared spectrum shows the main absorption bands for the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The lattice constant, " 14ahkl"> ", is calculated using Bragg's equation and found to be equal to (8.0573Å).The force constants, the average crystallite size, densities and the porosity are calculated using the X-ray and Infrared results.

Keywords

Infrared. Sintering heating spinel structure X-Ray

5

Estimation of some Enzymes Activity of Sheep and Cattle Lungs Infected with Hydated Cysts

Mohammad S. Al-Salihi, Hussain I. A. Al-Khan, Fulk A. Khattab

Pages: 1-10 Arabic

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Abstract

Enzymatic activity of Aspartate transferase (AST), Alanine transferase (ALT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Gluocose-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PH) were evaluated in lungs tissues and protoscoleces of cattle and sheep infectd with hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus.
The results showed that there was a significant increase in ALT and G-6-PH activity; decrease in AST and ALP activity, while there were no difference in LDG activity in sheep lungs infected with protoscoleces when compared with control group.
In case of cattle lungs, no significant differences of G-6-PH, ALP, LDH and ALT enzymes activity when compared with control group.
When both infected lungs of sheep and cattle were compared in their enzymatic activity significant differences were noticed in ALT, G-6-PH and ALP but with not in LDH and AST.
The enzymes enzymatic activity of protocoleses itself when isolated from both sheep and cattle showed no differences in ALT, AST and G-6-PH as well as there was no increase in ALP or decrease in LDH in cattle compared with these in sheep.
From all above it could be concluded that sheep infected lungs with Echinococcus granulosus affected the enzymatic activity of ALT, AST, ALP and G-6-PH.

Keywords

Alanine transferase alkaline phosphatase Aspartate transferase enzyme Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. lactate dehydrogenase Lung

6

Detection of Cryptospridium sp. Oocysts in Drought Horses in Mosul, Iraq

Dhiyaa A. Moosa

Pages: 11-16 Arabic

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Abstract

استهدفت الدراسة الكشف عن اكياس بيض طفيلي الابواغ الخبيئة
في مناطق مختلفة من مدينة الموصل، العراق كمنطقة باب سنجار، بالإضافة إلى الخيول الواردة إلى (Drought Horses)
المستشفى التعليمي البيطري التابع لكلية الطب الببيطري جامعة الموصل، اذ جمعت خمسون عينة براز من خيول بأعمار مختلفة
3 سنوات)، أظهرت الخيول - ومن كلا الجنسين مثلت ( 25 عينة من امهار بأعمار اقل من سنة و 25 عينة من خيول بالغة بعمر 10
المصابة علامات سريرية تمثلت بالإسهال الشديد ذي الرائحة الكريهة، قلة الشهية، الجفاف، فض ً لا عن الهزال والضعف العام. تم
وصبغة Modified acid fast stain تشخيص أكياس بيض الطفيلي باستخدام طريقتي الصبغة الصامدة للحامض المحورة
أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن 15 عينة براز كانت موجبة الإصابة بطفيلي الابواغ .Lugol’s iodine stain الايودين اللوكالي
4 %) على التوالي. كما أظهرت ،% الخبيئة وبنسبة ( 30 %)، اذ كانت نسبة الاصابة في الامهار أعلى مقارنة بالخيول البالغة ( 26
نتائج الدراسة ان طريقة الصبغة الصامدة للحامض المحورة كانت الأكفأ حيث كشفت نسبة إصابة ( 24 %) مقارنة بصبغة الايودين
اللوكالي التي كشفت نسبة إصابة ( 6%)، اظهر الفحص المجهري ظهور أكياس بيض الطفيلي بشكل كروي صغير ذي لون وردي
4 مايكرون باستخدام كلتا الصبغتين. استنتج من هذه الدراسة انتشار الخمج بطفيلي الابواغ الخبيئة - مميز، وبأحجام تراوحت بين 5
في خيول مدينة الموصل وان أعلى نسبة سجلت في الامهار مقارنة بالخيول البالغة، كما يمكن الاعتماد على طريقة الصبغة
الصامدة للحامض في تشخيص الطفيلي.

Keywords

Cryptospridium sp. Drought horses Modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain.

Abstract

The aims of the present work were to detect Cryptospridium sp. oocysts in drought horses from
different regions in Mosul city, Iraq as Bab-Sinjar region in addition to horses which were brought to
Veterinary Teaching Hospital in College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul. Fifty fecal
ضياء عبدالله موسى
12
samples were collected from horses with different ages and both sexes (25 fecal samples from foals
aged less than one year and another 25 fecal samples from adult horses 3-10 years old). Diseased
horses showed severe signs of diarrhea with offensive odor, anorexia, dehydration and emaciation with
generalized debility. Diagnosis of Cryptospridium oocysts were confirmed by two methodes Modefied
acid fast stain and Lugol’s iodine stain. Results showed that out of 50 fecal samples 15(30%) were
positive for oocytes, and the results also showed an increase in the percentage of infection of foals
compared to adult horses (26%, 4%) respectively. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain proved to be more
efficient revealing (24%) followed by Lugol’s iodine stain (6%) Microscopical examination revealed
that Cryptospridium oocysts have small spheric shape with pink color, 4-5 micron in diameter. It has
been concluded that Cryptospridium infection is an important disease affected horses in Mosul, Iraq
and the percentage of infection was high in foals compared to adults horses, and Modified Ziehl-
Neelsen stain for detection of oocysts could be authenticated.

Keywords

خيول السحب، طفيلي الابواغ الخبيئة، الصبغة الصامدة للحامض

7

Effect of Formaldehyde Treated Barley in Awassi Ewes Rations in Milk Production and some Chemical and Microbial Traits of Yogurt

Ghanim M. Hassan, Omar D. Almallah, Nadir Y. Abo, Mohammed N. Abdullah

Pages: 17-23 Arabic

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Abstract

This study was conducted in research department of animal resource/ Al-Rashidiya, at ministry of agriculture by using 14 of genetically improved awassi ewes, average body weight 56.00 ± 2.10 kg and age ranged between 3-5 years. Ewes were allocated according to their weight and milk production into two groups. The first was control (T1), fed on ration consist mainly of untreated barley and contain 9.69% of degradable protein and 3.77% of undegradable protein as dry matter. The second group (T2) was fed on same control ration but barley grain were treated with formaldehyde and contain 9.63% degradable protein and 6.37% of undegradable protein as dry
غانم محمود حسن
عمر ضياء محمد
نادر يوسف عبو
محمد نجم عبدالله
قسم عموم الاغذية
قسم الانتاج الحيواني
قسم بحوث نين وى/ دائرة البحوث الز ا رعية/ و ا زرة الز ا رعة / الع ا رق
كمية الز ا رعة والغابات/ جاهعة الهوصل
غانم هحهود حسن وآخرون
18
matter, the two rations are nearest in its content of metabolizable energy. Results are indicated to a significant increase (p > 0.05) in milk production in T2 which were 1.322 kg/day as compared to T1 which were 1.128 kg/day, milk components did not differ significantly between the two groups, but the quantity of lactose, fat and protein increased significantly (p > 0.05) in T2 as compared to T1. No significant differences were noted in yogurt composition, but the total number of bacteria and colonic bacteria decreased in T2 (52.10 x 103and 4.16 x 101) compared to T1 (55.66 x 103 and 5.33 x 101) respectively.

Keywords

formaldehyde microbial tests. milk production

Keywords

شعير، فورهالدييايد، إنتاج حليب، فحوصات ميكروبية.

8

An Epidemiological and Diagnostic Study of Toxoplasma gondii by Serological and Molecular Methods Using nPCR Technique in Pregnant and Abortive Women in Mosul and its Environ

Aws S. Al-Safar, Shihab A. Mohammed, Abdulrhem Th. Al-Ghazal

Pages: 24-37 Arabic

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Abstract

The study examined 120 samples of blood and serum of pregnant women who miscarriaged in Al Salam Educational Hospital to investigate their incidence of Toxoplasma gondii since 1/5/2013 to 1/5/2014, using latex test and The Enzyme -Linked Immunosorbent Assay and the Enzyme-Linked Fluorescence Assay, in addition to Toxoplasma gondii (B1) gene by the Nested polymerase chain reaction technique. The results of the study showed that the best technique for acute T.gondii was nested PCR with 36.6% followed by ELISA 31.6%, ELFA 26.6% and Latex 18.3%. ELISA and ELFA tested high sensitivity to anti-IgM (85% and 73%, respectively), based on the results of the nPCR test as a positive control group, Where as latex test revealed a sensitivity of 50%. The acute infection in Mosul and its suburbs was 36.6%. The results showed no significant differences in different age groups, the housing area has an impact on the incidence rates in the suburbs and villages of Mosul, 42%, while in the city 32.8 %, infection rates rise, with the lower educational level of women. The friction of women with animals and cats raise the infection rate to 53.8%, while the percentage dropped to 23.5% in women who did not treat or contact with animals and cats.

Keywords

ELFA ELISA Latex nPCR. Toxoplasma gondii

Keywords

ELFA ELISA Latex الكممات الدالة: المكوسات الكونيدية . nPCR

9

Capacity Growth of Mycorrhiza Species at Different Concentrations of Heavy Metals

مازن ن ا زر فضل, موج رياض اسماعيل الحمداني

Pages: 38-47 Arabic

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Abstract

The study investigates the possibility of three types of R.rosulus, S.varigatus, P.involutus in removing and lowering the ascending concentrations of copper and zinc elements, during three incubation and contact periods (5,7 and 10 days) and comparing the growth of isolates with control samples. Type P.involutus is the most efficient in the removal by observing the growth of isolates by increasing its diameter compared to the control samples and the concentrations of copper and zinc and for all the days of incubation, while the type S.varigatus was the highest growth at the low concentrations of copper and zinc only and for all periods of incubation, the type R.rosulus. The diameter was smaller as compared to control samples All elemental concentrations of copper and zinc except at concentration (2.5 ppm), and is generally observed increase diameters of the isolates of the three types of increasing periods of incubation and all elemental concentrations of copper and zinc, and this increase is less than at high concentrations of these elements and of all species studied.

Keywords

biological treatment heavy metals Mycorrhizae soil pollution removal

Keywords

فطريات خيطية، عناصر ثقيلة، معالجة حيوية، تلوث تربة، ازالة التلوث.

10

Diagnosis of some Bacteria Causing Gingivitis in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Investigating some of Their Biochemical and Immunological Parameters

Marwa J. Aljumaily, Najdat B. Mehdi, Sahla KH. Abbas

Pages: 48-54 Arabic

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Abstract

The research aimed to isolate and identify the types of bacteria which cause gingivitis. Gram positive bacteria were isolated by 89% more than gram-negative bacteria, 60 isolates were Streptococcus viridans and 5 isolates were Escherichia coli. The biochemical study showed a significant increase in concentration of total cholesterol (P
0.05) in the gingivitis and diabetes groups, as well as in very low density lipoproteins showed a significant increase in gingivitis and diabetes group (P
0.033), High-density lipoproteins showed a significant decrease in the group of gingivitis and diabetes compared to the control group at a significant level (P
0.018). In the immunological parameters, the results showed a significant decrease in the concentration of IL-10 in the group gingivitis and diabetes (P
0.05). The concentration of TNF-α increased in gingivitis and diabetes at a significant level (P
0.05).

Keywords

Biochemical parameters Cytokines diabetes gingivitis Il-10 TNF-α

Abstract

ىدف البحث الى التحري عن الأنواع البكتيرية المسببة لإلتياب المثة، حيث عُزلت البكتيريا الموجبة لصبغة غ ا رم بنسبة
%22 ( أكثر من البكتيريا السالبة لصبغة غ ا رم وب واقع 01 عزلة من بكتيريا ( Streptococcus viridans و 4 عزلات من بكتيريا
Escherichia coli . شممت المعايير الكيموحيوية قياس تركيز سكر الكموكوز، تقدير مرتسم الدىون، أظيرت نتائج الإختبا ا رت
الكيموحيوية ارتفاعاً معنوياً في تركيز الكولسترول الكمي تحت مستوى معنوية ) P≤0.05 ( لدى مجموعة التياب المثة والسكري، و
كذلك الحال في البروتينات الدىنية واطئة الكثافة أظيرت ارتفاعاً معنوياً لدى مجموعة التياب المثة والسكري و تحت مستوى معنوية
( P≤0.033 (، أما البروتينات الدىنية عالية الكثافة فقد اظيرت انخفاضاً معنوياً لدى مجموعة التياب المثة و السكري مقارنة مع
مجموعة السيطرة وعند مستوى معنوية ) P≤0.018 (، اما فيما يخص المعايير المناعية فقد اظيرت النتائج انخفاض معنوي في
تركيز الانترلوكين IL-10 لدى مجموعة التياب المثة والسكري وعند مستوى معنوية ( P≤0.05 (، اما تركيز TNF-α فقد ارتفع لدى
مجموعة التياب المثة والسكري وعند مستوى معنوية ) P≤0.05 ) .

Keywords

التياب المثة، السكري، المعايير الكيموحيوية، الحركيات الخموية، IL-10 ، TNF-α

11

Effect of Different Levels of Iron and Vitamin B12 Injection on Production Performance and some Physiological Characteristics of Blood in Awassi Lamb

Wasem K. Ahmad, Wissam J. Mohammed, Mohammed S. Abrahem

Pages: 55-60 Arabic

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Abstract

This study was conducted on 15 Awassi lambs with an average weight 11kg and with average age (1 month) these lambs were randomly divided into three groups, (5 animal/ group) 1st group as control, The 2nd group was injected subcutaneously once every ten days with Iron and vitamin B12 (4.54 mg/kg body weight/a living animal, 4.54 mg/kg body weight / a living animal) respectively, the 3rd group lambs were injected with iron and vitamin B12 (9.09 mg /kg body weight /a living animal 9.09 mg/kg body weight /a living animal) respectively. The results showed a significant effect (p<0.05) for 2nd and 3rd group compared with control group in (red blood cell, hemoglobin concentration, Glucose, Triglyceride, body weight) and the result show the 3rd group had a significant effect (p<0.05) compared with control group in (packed cell volume) there was no
وسيم خالد احمد وآخرون
50
significant effect (p<0.05) between the groups in (Albumin, globulin and total protein concentration, in conclusion The enhancing of iron level and vitamin B12 led to improvement, body weight and some blood characteristics in awassi lambs.

Keywords

حملن عواسية، الأداء الانتاجي، الصفات الفسلجية لمدم، الحديد، فيتامين B12

12

Influence of Spraying with Water Extracts of Liquorice and Organic Manures for Animals on Yield, and its Components of Trigonella foenum - graecum L. Local Variety

مها زهير ذنون الحيالي, سعد الدين ماجد الحفوظي

Pages: 61-76 Arabic

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Abstract

The study was conducted in wire house of Biology department/ college of Education for pure sciences / University of Mosul during the winter season (2017- 2018). The fenugreek plant seeds were planted on 25/11/2017 and the plant was harvested on 24/5/2018. The aim of the study was to study the effect of spraying with water extracts of liqurice Glycyrrhizin glabra, and manure (cow, sheep, poultry and their mixture) with concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30) g / L and three spray periods once every 2, 4 and 6 weeks in the growth and yield seeds of Trigonella foenum - graecum L. In order to obtain a product free from the chemical effects of mineral fertilizers or industrial growth regulators to obtain a low-cost product, this experiment was designed, according to the design of stochastic sectors full RCBD with three replicates according to the program SAS. The results were analyzed by the Duncan test at a probability level of 0.05. The results of the study of yield and its
quality showed that spraying the plants with the chicken manure solution at the highest concentration 30 g / L led to significant increasing in the number of pods, number of seeds per pods, number of seeds per plant، seed index, seed weight and total seed yield. In addition, spraying with liquorice root extract 30 g / L showed significant increases in seed weight in pods, number of seeds per plant and total seed weight per plant.

Keywords

aqueous solutions Fenugreek plant licorice organic manures.

Keywords

نبات الحلبة، المستخلصات المائية، عرق السوس، المخلفات العضوية.

13

Study of Physiochemical Characteristics of Al- Khoser River Effluent and its Effect Upon Tigris River Quality within Mosul City

إيمان سامي ياسين السراج

Pages: 77-89 Arabic

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Abstract

Many of the physio-chemical characteristics of Al- Khoser water effluent have been studied for the period from October 2017 to June 2018. Some of the physio- chemical charachteristics which represented by Temperature, pH, E.C, D.O, BOD5, T.H,
,
,and
were measured. The results showed that most of these characteristics have high values, within the first location in comparison with the international maximum allowable limits, this is due to the discharge of sewage and wastes into the river without treatment. Whereas the second and third locations, after mixing with water of Tigris River, showed low concentrations of pollutants due to the influence of precipitation, dilution, diffusion and high flow.
Al- Khoser water was considered very hard in comparison with the water of Tigris River. It is worth mentioning that the amounts of human industrial, agricultural and human detached pollutants have severely impacted the water of Al- Khoser River, which finally considered the more hardness in comparison with the water of the Tigris River

Keywords

Al-Khoser River Chemical pollutants Mosul Physical pollutants Tigris River

Abstract

درست العديد من الخصائص الفيزوكيميائيةة لميةا مصة نهةر الخوصةر فة مدينةة الموصةل لمفتةرة مةن تشةرين الأول 8107
ولغاية حزي ا رن 8108 . تم قياس بعض الصفات الفيزياوية والكيمياوية الت تمثمت بةةدرجة حة ا ررة الميةا ، العكةورة، الأس الهيةدر وجين ،
التوصةةيل الكهربةةائ ، الأوكسةةجين المةة ا ، المتطمة الحيةو لكوكسةةجين، العسةةرة الكميةةة، ليونةةات النتةة ا رت، الفوسةةفات والكبريتةةات.
لظهةرت الد ا رسةة الحاليةة ارتفةاع ت ا ركيةز اغمة الصةفات الفيزيائيةة والكيميائيةة عنةد الموقةا الأول عةن الحةدود ال صةوم المسةموح بهةا
عالميةاب بسةب طةرح الفضةات وميةا الصةرص الصةح بةدون معالجةة، ومةن ثةم لةوحظ انخفةاض ت ا ركيةز المموثةات عنةد الموقةا الثةان
والثالث بعد الاختاط بميا نهر دجمة بفعل عامل التخفيص والانتشار وسرعة الجريان.
عةدت ميةا نهةر الخوصةر عسةرة جةداب بالنسةبة لميةا نهةر دجمةة. وممةا تجةدر اةشةارة نليةه لن ميةا الخوصةر تةرثرت بم ةدار
الفضات البشرية والصناعية والز ا رعية الت تطرح فيه مما جعمها لكثر عسرة م ارنة بميا نهر دجمة

Keywords

ملوثات فيزيائية، ملوثات كيميائية، نهر الخوصر، نهر دجلة، الموصل.

14

Contamination of Domestic Well Water in Nineveh Governorate with some Pathogenic Bacteria and Detection on its Ability to Biofilm Formation

Amera M. Alrawi, Manar F. Altaee

Pages: 90-104 Arabic

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Due to the unavailability of the drinking water in Mosul city in the period between
(2014-2017), people started digging wells in their houses to use it in daily life for consumption and
irrigation. Forty well water samples were chosen for this study in living quarters (AL-Dubat, Adan,
AL-Mouthana, AL-Noor, AL-Zhoor, AL-Jamiea, AL-Falah, AL-Baker). Some pathogenic bacteria
were isolated and identified from well water digged in different areas in the left side of Mosul city
and to study reconciliation to human consumption. Results showed that fifty-six bacterial isolates
obtained included 21 of Escherichia coli, 10 of Aeromonas hydrophila, 8 of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, 7 of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and show two species of Klebsiella bacteria, Klebsiella
pneumonia and Klebsiella oxytoca 6 and 4 respectively.
Then the ability of these bacterial isolates to form biofilm was studied by using two methods;
Tube method and Congo red method, isolates gave 100% positive results in its ability to biofilm
formation by tube method. While by congo red Aeromonas and Pseudomons were unable to form
biofilm.
Also the study included determination of antibiotics sensitivity and resistance of bacterial
isolates to different antibiotics as it is considered one of the important virulence factors , Results
showed that there is variation in its sensitivity and resistance to these antibiotics

Keywords

bacterial contamination biofilm. well water

Abstract

نظرا لعدم توفر المياه الصالحة للشرب في مدينة الموصل للفترة مابين ( 2014
لحفر الابار في المنازل من اجل توفير المياه واستخدامها للحياة اليومية والسقي. وتم في هذه الدراسة اختيار 40 عينة مياه ابار
من مناطق سكنية شملت الاحياء : حي الضباط وعدن والبكر والنور والزهور والمثنى والجامعة والفلاح. حيث تم عزل
وتشخيص بعض انواع البكتريا المرضية من عينات مياه الابار المنزلية المحفورة في مناطق مختلفة من الجانب الايسر من
مدينة الموصل ودراسة مدى ملائمتها للاستهلاك البشري. واظهرت نتائج الفحوصات البكتريولوجية وجود الأنواع البكتيرية
Escherichia coli التالية في مياه ابار تلك المناطق حيث تم تشخيص 56 عزلة بكتيرية توزعت بين 21 عزلة من بكتريا
و 7 عزلات من Pseudomonas aeruginosa و 8 عزلات من بكتريا Aeromonas hydrophila و 10 عزلات من بكتريا
و Klebsiella pneumoniae بنوعيها Klebsiella وظهرت بكتريا ال Pseudomonas fluorescens النوع
باعداد 6 و 4 عزلات على التوالي. Klebsiella oxytoca
درست قابلية هذه البكتريا على تكوين الغشاء الحيوي بطريقتي الانبوب واكار احمر الكونغو حيث اعطت العزلات نسبة
100% في قدرتها على تكوين الغشاء الحيوي بطريقة الانبوب اما بطريقة احمر الكونغو فان الانواع التابعة لبكتريا
كانت غير قادرة على تكوين الغشاء الحيوي بهذه الطريقة. Aeromonas و Pseudomonas
وللتحري عن مقاومة وحساسية هذه البكتريا للمضادات الحيوية والتي تعد من اهم عوامل ضراوتها فقد اجري اختبار
الحساسية وقد اظهرت النتائج تفاوت في الحساسية والمقاومة لتلك المضادات.

Keywords

مياه الابار، التلوث البكتيري، الغشاء الحيوي.

15

Preparation Polymeric Composites from Epoxy with Randomly Woven Fiber Glass and Studies the Mechanical Properties

Rwaa E. Ibrahiem, Ebtahag Z . Sulyman

Pages: 105-115 Arabic

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this study, polymer compositions of epoxy resins were prepared as a base material with fiber glass at different weight ratios (4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 11%) as reinforced materials. Polymeric compositions were compared before and after reinforcement. Fibers have increased the values of all mechanical properties (Impact resistance, hardness, elasticity, compressive strength). The values (elasticity coefficient, compressive strength, hardness) are reduced by increasing the temperature

Keywords

Epoxy resins fiber glass Mechanical Properties

Abstract

تم في هذا البحث تحضير المت ا ركبات البوليم رية من ا رتنج الايبوكسي كمادة أساس مع ألياف الزجاج بنسب وزنية مختمفة
( 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 11% ( كمواد مدعمة وقد تمت المقارنة بين المت ا ركبات البوليمرية قبل وبعد التدعيم ووجد انه كمما ا زدت
نسبة الالياف أدى ذلك الى زيادة في قيم كافة الخواص الميكانيكية )مقاومة الصدمة، الصلادة، معامل المرونة، مقاومة الانضغاط(.
وان قيم )معامل المرونة، مقاومة الانضغاط، الصلادة( تنخفض بزيادة درجة الح ا ررة.

Keywords

راتنج الايبوكسي، الياف الزجاج، الخواص الميكانيكية.

16

Spectrophotometric Assay of Sulphacetamide Sodium in Ophthalmic Preparation Using 2,6-Dihydroxytoluene as a New Coupling Agent

سعد حساني سمطاف

Pages: 116-127 Arabic

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Abstract

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was described for the determination of sulphacetamide sodium (SAS) in aqueous solution. The proposed method depends on diazotization of drug compound using sodium nitrite in acidic medium to produce the corresponding diazonium salt which coupled with 2,6-dihydroxytoluene reagent in presence of sodium carbonate to form a colored water soluble and stable azo-dye, which has a maximum absorption at 435 nm with a molar absorptivity and Sandal’s sensitivity of 4.6×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 and 0.00543 μg.cm-2 respectively. Beer\'s law is valid over the concentration range 0.25-12.5 μg.ml-1. The relative error is in between -0.40 and +3.60 % and the relative standard deviation from ±0.13 to ±1.25 % depending on the concentration level. The proposed method was applied successfully to determine sulphacetamide sodium in its pharmaceutical formulation as ophthalmic drops

Keywords

2 6-dihydroxytoluene reagent Diazotization and coupling Spectrophotometry Sulphacetamide sodium

Abstract

تضمن البحث وصف طريقة طيفية سيمة وحساسة لتقدير سمفاستاميد الصوديوم في المحمول المائي. اعتمدت الطريقة
المقترحة عمى ازوتة المركب الدوائي بوساطة نتريت الصوديوم في الوسط الحامضي لإعطاء ممح الديازوني وم المقابل لممركب
الدوائي الذي يقترن مع الكاشف 1،8 ثنائي ىيدروكسي تولوين بوجود كاربونات الصوديوم لتكوين صبغة آزوية ممونة، ذائبة -
ومستقرة في الماء وليا أعمى امتصاص عند الطول الموجي 534 نانوميتر. كانت حدود قانون بير لمطريقة المقترحة في مدى
- - 11× الت ا ركيز 1824 1284 مايكروغ ا رم. مممتر 1، وبامتصاصية مولارية مقدارىا 521 4 - - لتر.مول 1.سم 1، ودلالة ساندل 1211453
مايكروغ ا رم. سم 8، وقد ت ا روحت قيم الخطأ النسبي بين 1251 و+ 3211 % بينما ت ا روحت قيم الانح ا رف القياسي النسبي بين - -
1213± و ± 1284 % اعتمادا عمى مستوى التركيز، وقد تم تطبيق الطريقة المقترحة بنجاح لتقدير سمفاستاميد الصوديوم في
مستحضره الصيدلاني بشكل قطرة العين.

Keywords

سمفاسيتاميد صوديوم، أزوتة واقت ا رن، 1،8 ثنائي ىيدروكسي تولوين، طريقة طيفية.

17

Operating Specifications for Double Polymeric Thin Films Capacitors

Ahmed N. Mahmmood, Asmaa E. Abid, Yahya A. Salman

Pages: 128-140 Arabic

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Abstract

In this research two groups of parallel plates capacitors (MIM-Device) with thin polymeric film, were prepared. The first group with a single polymeric film of materials (PMMA) with long saturated chain, (PC) with short saturated chain and (PS) with short unsaturated chain and the thickness is about ((300± 10 )μm(. The second group where the insulating film is of double type of material (PMMA//PS) and (PC//PS) with total thickness about ) (300± 10 )μm(. The results showed that the used double thin films may lead to redistribution of the raing of regions of (I-V) characteristics equally which were different when the thin films were single and there was a difference in the raing of regions of (I-V) characteristics of linear polymer chain and these differences are created due to length or shortness of polymer chain and for saturated or unsaturated for this chain, also the results have shown that there is an interface in double polymeric thin film cause and distortion in (C-V) characteristics and it is gone by increasing the amount of thermal energy and the induce electrical filed con be created by effect of external filed and with help of interface in double thin films, the existence of this filed can lead to mismatch in the value of capacity between increase and decrease stages except low values of external field. The increasing of the thermal energy lead to deformation in (C-V) characteristics gradually with increases difference in capacity between increase and decrease stages. The latter strengthens the hypothesis of induced electric field

Keywords

capacitor Double layer Electrical Properties multi layer Thin polymer films

Abstract

تم في ىذا البحث تصنيع مجموعتين من متسعات الألواح المتوازية ) MIM-Device ( ذات الغشاء البوليمري العازل،
المجموعة الأولى يكون فييا الغشاء البوليمري العازل مكون ا من غشاء منفرد من المواد البوليمرية بولي ميثا اكريلايت
المثيل) PMMA ( ذات السمسمة الخطية الطويمة المشبعة، والمادة البوليمرية بولي كاربونات ) PC ( ذات السمسمة الخطية القصيرة
المشبعة، والمادة البوليمرية بولي ستايرين غير المشبع ) PS ( ذات السمسمة الخطية القصيرة غير المشبعة وبسمك
( 300±10)μm ((، أما المجموعة الثانية فيكون فييا الغشاء البوليمري العازل من النوع المزدوج ومن المواد البوليمرية
( PMMA//PS ( ،) PC//PS ( وبسمك إجمالي ) 300±10 μm (، بينت النتائج أن استعمال أغشية بوليمرية مزدوجة قد يؤدي إلى
إعادة توزيع مديات المناطق في خواص )التيار الفولتية( بشكل متسا و تقريبا، والتي كانت تختمف في مدياتيا عندما استعممت –
المواد البوليمرية بييئة أغشية منفردة وأن ىناك فرق ا في مديات مناطق خواص )التيار الفولتية( بين البوليم ا رت الخطية، ىذه –
الفروقات تنشأ بسبب طول أو قصر السلاسل البوليمرية، كما أنيا تنشأ بسبب تشبع آو عدم تشبع ىذه السلاسل، كما بينت النتائج
أن وجود الحد الفاصل في الأغشية البوليمرية المزدوجة يحدث نوع ا من التشوه في خواص )السعة الفولتية( وأن ىذا التشوه يزول –
مع زيادة كمية الطاقة الح ا ررية المجيزة لمغشاء، وأن مجال كيربائي ا محتث ا يمكن ان ينشأ داخل الأغشية البوليمرية المزدوجة ويكون
نش و هؤ بفعل الجيد الخارجي المسمط وبوجود الحد الفاصل كعامل مساعد وأن وجود ىذا المجال الداخمي ل يؤدي إلى تطابق قيم
السعة بين مرحمتي زيادة ونقصان لمجيد الخارجي إل عند القيم المتدنية لمجيد الخارجي، كما أن ازدياد الطاقة الح ا ررية المجيزة
لمغشاء المزدوج يؤدي إلى زوال التشوه في خواص)السعة الفولتية( تدريجيا فضلا عن ازدياد قيم التباين في قيمة السعة بين –
مرحمتي الزيادة والنقصان، وان الأخيرة تعزز فرضية نشوء المجال الداخمي المحفز

Keywords

الخواص الكيربائية، الأغشية البوليمرية، الأغشية متعددة الطبقات، المتسعات.

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